‘佛手’等3个品种茶园施肥限量标准研究
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摘要
为探讨‘佛手’、‘黄棪’和‘水仙’3个品种茶园施肥限量标准,在相关茶叶主产区设置了22个氮磷钾和有机肥的肥效试验。田间试验表明,茶园可划分为"低产茶园"、"中产茶园"和"高产茶园"等3种施肥类型,两两类别间的施肥效应具有显著水平的差异。施用氮肥的茶青平均增产17. 6%,具有最大的增产作用,施用磷、钾肥和有机肥的增产效果大致相当,茶青平均增产9. 7%~10. 6%,但不同茶树品种或茶园类型的施肥效应具有明显差异;平衡施肥和在此基础上增加30%N肥的两种施肥模式普遍具有较高的茶青产量和净增收。以茶青产量和净增收等农学指标为主要依据制定了佛手、黄棪和水仙的茶园施肥限量标准。结果显示,不同茶园施肥类别因土壤供肥能力和茶青产量不同,氮磷钾施肥量的限量标准有明显差别。
For efficient fertilizer applications,the upper limits of fertilizer usage for the plantations of Foshou,Huangdan and Shuixian teas were studied. In the field,22 experiments were conducted to evaluate the responses of the tea plants to the N,P,K and manure fertilizations. The results showed that the plantations could be divided into the low-yield,mediumyield and high-yield types,each with a significant difference on the responses. The maximal increase on tea leaves yield among all treatments was 17. 6% on average with N application. The P,K or manure fertilization displayed 9. 7% to10. 6% increases on leaf yield,varying significantly among different tea varieties or plantation types. On balance,the addition of 30% N fertilizer appeared to provide a high yield with a good financial return. According to the types of the plantation,which had varied soil qualities,appropriate limits on N,P and K applications were established to meet the desired leaf yield for the tea varieties.
For efficient fertilizer applications,the upper limits of fertilizer usage for the plantations of Foshou,Huangdan and Shuixian teas were studied. In the field,22 experiments were conducted to evaluate the responses of the tea plants to the N,P,K and manure fertilizations. The results showed that the plantations could be divided into the low-yield,mediumyield and high-yield types,each with a significant difference on the responses. The maximal increase on tea leaves yield among all treatments was 17. 6% on average with N application. The P,K or manure fertilization displayed 9. 7% to10. 6% increases on leaf yield,varying significantly among different tea varieties or plantation types. On balance,the addition of 30% N fertilizer appeared to provide a high yield with a good financial return. According to the types of the plantation,which had varied soil qualities,appropriate limits on N,P and K applications were established to meet the desired leaf yield for the tea varieties.
引文
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[11]李娟,章明清,尤志明,等.福建乌龙茶土壤速效氮磷钾丰缺指标与肥力状况评价[J].茶叶学报,2018,59(1):19-25.
[2]黄东风,李卫华,范平,等.低碳经济与中国茶业可持续发展对策研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(5):1110-1115.
[3]陈玉真,王峰,尤志明,等.不同施氮量对茶园土壤氮淋失的影响[J].福建农业学报,2015,30(4):394-399.
[4]王峰,陈玉真,尤志明,等.不同施氮量对两种茶园土壤硝化作用和pH值的影响[J].茶叶科学,2015,35(1):82-90.
[5]福建省农业科学院.东南丘陵山地果(茶)园复合系统固碳增汇技术研究与示范研究报告[R].福建省农业科学院,2010.
[6]章明清,李娟,尤志明,等.投产铁观音茶园氮磷钾施肥指标研究[J].茶叶学报,2015,56(3):151-158.
[7]章明清,李娟,尤志明,等.‘白芽奇兰’施肥效应及其氮磷钾适宜用量研究[J].茶叶学报,2016,57(3):119-123.
[8]姚建族.永春佛手茶最佳施肥模式研究[J].福建农业科技,2013(3):57-59.
[9]吴志丹,尤志明,江福英,等.配施有机肥对茶园土壤性状及茶叶产质量的影响[J].土壤,2015,47(5):874-879.
[10]李娟,章明清,孔庆波,等.构建县域早稻氮磷钾施肥的系统聚类方法研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(2):531–538.
[11]李娟,章明清,尤志明,等.福建乌龙茶土壤速效氮磷钾丰缺指标与肥力状况评价[J].茶叶学报,2018,59(1):19-25.