永兴县冰糖橙土壤养分丰缺状况及施肥建议
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摘要
在郴州市永兴县冰糖橙主产区选择284个代表性果园土壤,测定其主要的大量元素,分析该地区冰糖橙土壤养分丰缺状况。研究结果表明:永兴县冰糖橙土壤有机质较丰富,仅有7.75%的土壤有机质含量偏低,土壤整体为酸性,施肥时宜增施石灰等碱性肥料;土壤氮元素总体状况较好,全氮处于适量和丰富水平的占79.57%,碱解氮处于适量水平的占48.24%;土壤有效磷含量水平偏低,处于缺乏水平和极缺水平的占37.68%;土壤钾元素的含量水平偏低,缓效钾的含量水平以缺乏与极缺为主,占75.71%,速效钾含量水平处于缺乏水平的占45.07%。综合研究结果分析表明,永兴县冰糖橙土壤应该少施氮肥,多施钾肥和磷肥,补充土壤元素的不足,建议增施有机肥、追施生石灰、合理施用氮磷钾肥和实施测土配方施肥项目等。
284 representative orchard soils were selected in Yongxing County of Chenzhou City to determine the major elements in the soils, then, based on the analysis, the soil nutrient status of sugar orange was analyzed. The results showed that Bingtang orange soil in Yongxing County was rich in organic matter, only 7.75% of the soil organic matter content was low, and the soil acidity and alkalinity were acidic as a whole. Therefore, when applying fertilizer, lime and other alkaline fertilizers should be added. The total nitrogen content in soil was 79.57% at the appropriate and rich levels, the amount of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen at the right level was accounting for 48.24% of the total sample. The content of available phosphorus in soil was low, and 37.68% of the total samples were at deficient and extremely deficient levels. The content of soil potassium was low, and the content of slow-acting potassium was mainly deficient or extremely deficient, accounting for 75.71% of the total samples. The content of available potassium at deficient level was 45.07% of the total samples. The results showed that the Bingtang orange soil in Yongxing County should be less nitrogen fertilizer, more potassium fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer, supplementing the deficiency of soil elements. According to the local situation, the suggestions of increasing organic fertilizer, applying quicklime, applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer rationally and implementing the soil testing formula fertilization project were put forward.
284 representative orchard soils were selected in Yongxing County of Chenzhou City to determine the major elements in the soils, then, based on the analysis, the soil nutrient status of sugar orange was analyzed. The results showed that Bingtang orange soil in Yongxing County was rich in organic matter, only 7.75% of the soil organic matter content was low, and the soil acidity and alkalinity were acidic as a whole. Therefore, when applying fertilizer, lime and other alkaline fertilizers should be added. The total nitrogen content in soil was 79.57% at the appropriate and rich levels, the amount of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen at the right level was accounting for 48.24% of the total sample. The content of available phosphorus in soil was low, and 37.68% of the total samples were at deficient and extremely deficient levels. The content of soil potassium was low, and the content of slow-acting potassium was mainly deficient or extremely deficient, accounting for 75.71% of the total samples. The content of available potassium at deficient level was 45.07% of the total samples. The results showed that the Bingtang orange soil in Yongxing County should be less nitrogen fertilizer, more potassium fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer, supplementing the deficiency of soil elements. According to the local situation, the suggestions of increasing organic fertilizer, applying quicklime, applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer rationally and implementing the soil testing formula fertilization project were put forward.
引文
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[18]王男麒,彭良志,淳长品,等.赣南柑桔园背景土壤营养状况分析[J].中国南方果树,2012,41(5):1-4.
[19]余璐.测土配方施肥对农业的影响[J].农业与技术,2016,(6):32.
[20]罗小娟,冯淑怡,黄挺,等.测土配方施肥项目实施的环境和经济效果评价[J].华中农业大学学报,2014,(109):86-93.
[21]黄国斌,李家贵.测土配方施肥对玉米养分吸收、产量及效益的影响[J[.贵州农业科学,2010,38(1):23-25.
[22]中国广播网.中央财政将安排转移支付资金7亿元支持测土配方施肥[EB/OL].http://www.foods1.com/news/1663398,2012-05-20.
[2]鲁剑巍.湖北省柑橘园土壤-植物养分状况与柑橘平衡施肥技术研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2003.
[3]王秀英.重庆地区柑橘园土壤养分现状及优化施肥研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2011.
[4]周帮国,来武新,李善明.宜都市柑橘园土壤养分现状调查与施肥建议[J].现代农业科技,2012,(17):233-235.
[5]徐春燕,何风杰,高洪勤,等.台州柑橘园土壤养分现状分析与施肥对策[J].浙江柑橘,2011,28(1):18-21.
[6]王富华,胡芳林,陈防,等.湖北省柑桔园土壤养分植物营养与平衡施肥技术研究Ⅰ.湖北省柑桔园土壤养分含量分布[J].湖北农业科学,2001,(1):34-38.
[7]廖炜,李先信,阳志慧,等.氮磷肥对柑橘的影响研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2010,(24):34-35,37.
[8]陈守一,彭玉基,杨再英.提高柑橘果实品质的NPK平衡施肥研究[J].耕作与栽培,2001,(2):51-52.
[9]李泽碧,王正银.柑橘品质的影响因素研究[J].广西农业科学,2006,(3):307-310.
[10]黄建凤.华安县耕地土壤氮磷钾含量及丰缺状况研究[J].热带农业科学,2013,33(7):21-26.
[11]陈家龙,张兴元,解文贵,等.贵州山地柑桔园营养特性研究[J].西南农业学报,1995,(2):75.
[12]彭永宏,秦煊南.氮、钾、钙对柑桔幼苗生长与光合生理的影响[J].果树科学,1993,(1):6-10.
[13]李贵美.山东桃园土壤养分状况评价与需肥特性研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2011.
[14]何懿平,伍存志,伍兴甲.江永县柑橘园肥力状况及施肥建议[J].湖南农业科学,2015,(8):79-82.
[15]郭秉晨,马玉兰,冯静,等.宁夏引黄灌区耕地土壤有机质及养分质量分数变化趋势[J].农业科学研究,2006,(3):1-5.
[16]刘如清,谢良伍,肖时运,等.柑桔平衡施肥技术研究[J].湖南农业科学,1999,(1):44-45.
[17]褚长彬,吴淑杭,张学英,等.有机肥施用方式对柑橘园土壤肥力和柑橘养分、品质的影响[J].上海农业学报,2012,28(1):65-68.
[18]王男麒,彭良志,淳长品,等.赣南柑桔园背景土壤营养状况分析[J].中国南方果树,2012,41(5):1-4.
[19]余璐.测土配方施肥对农业的影响[J].农业与技术,2016,(6):32.
[20]罗小娟,冯淑怡,黄挺,等.测土配方施肥项目实施的环境和经济效果评价[J].华中农业大学学报,2014,(109):86-93.
[21]黄国斌,李家贵.测土配方施肥对玉米养分吸收、产量及效益的影响[J[.贵州农业科学,2010,38(1):23-25.
[22]中国广播网.中央财政将安排转移支付资金7亿元支持测土配方施肥[EB/OL].http://www.foods1.com/news/1663398,2012-05-20.