南宁主要香蕉种植基地土壤肥力调查与施肥建议
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摘要
香蕉具有速生高产,需肥量大的特性。营养充足、健康的土壤可以促进其生长及产量的提高。因此对香蕉土壤肥力状况进行调查与评估,对于指导当地农民进行合理施肥,提升土壤肥力和提高香蕉产量及经济效益具有重要的意义。结果表明:88.88%的南宁地区香蕉种植基地土壤pH低于5.5; 40.74%的香蕉种植基地土壤有机质含量低于20g/kg;南宁主要香蕉种植基地土壤的铵态氮和硝态氮平均值分别为22.04和15.44 mg/kg,大多数南宁香蕉基地铵态氮含量高于硝态氮的含量,铵硝比不佳; 55.56%的香蕉种植基地土壤有效磷低于10 mg/kg;66.65%的基地土壤速效钾含量高于100 mg/kg; 70.37%的香蕉种植基地土壤交换性钙高于250 mg/kg; 62.97%的基地土壤交换性镁含量低于25 mg/kg。因此,为了提高南宁地区香蕉基地土壤肥力利用效果,实现香蕉产业可持续发展,提出了合理的施肥建议:适当施用石灰或碱性肥来改良土壤酸性,提高土壤pH,增施有机肥改善土壤肥力结构;氮肥以施用硝态氮肥为主,配合适当比例的铵态氮肥,增施磷肥、镁肥,合理施用钾肥,部分地区增施钙肥。
Banana is a fast-growing plant which requires more fertilizer. A healthy soil with sufficient nutrients is favorable for the growth and production of banana. The soil fertility in the main banana plantations in Nanning, Guangxi was evaluated, based on which fertilizer was recommended to local farmers to improve the soil fertility and banana yield. The results showed that the soil p H values in88.88% of banana plantations were below 5.5. The soil organic matter in the 40.74% of the plantations was less than 20 g/kg. The average values of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the soil were22.04 mg/kg and 15.44 mg/kg, respectively. The soil content of ammonium nitrogen was higher than that of nitrate nitrogen in most of the banana plantations, and the ratio of ammonia to nitrate was unreasonable.The soil available phosphate in the 55.56% of the banana plantations was below 10 mg/kg. The soil content of available potassium in 66.65% of the banana plantations was higher than 100 mg/kg. The soil content of exchangeable calcium in the 70.37% plantations was over 250 mg/kg. The soil content of exchangeable Mg in 78.3% of the banana plantations was below 25 mg/kg. Some suggestions were put forward in order to improve the soil fertility and ensure sustainable development of banana plantations in Nanning, such as application of lime and alkaline fertilizer to improve soil acidity and p H value;application of organic fertilizer to enhance soil fertility structure; application of more nitrate nitrogen fertilizer than ammonium nitrogen, more phosphate fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer; rational application of potassium fertilizer, more application of calcium fertilizer in some banana plantations.
Banana is a fast-growing plant which requires more fertilizer. A healthy soil with sufficient nutrients is favorable for the growth and production of banana. The soil fertility in the main banana plantations in Nanning, Guangxi was evaluated, based on which fertilizer was recommended to local farmers to improve the soil fertility and banana yield. The results showed that the soil p H values in88.88% of banana plantations were below 5.5. The soil organic matter in the 40.74% of the plantations was less than 20 g/kg. The average values of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the soil were22.04 mg/kg and 15.44 mg/kg, respectively. The soil content of ammonium nitrogen was higher than that of nitrate nitrogen in most of the banana plantations, and the ratio of ammonia to nitrate was unreasonable.The soil available phosphate in the 55.56% of the banana plantations was below 10 mg/kg. The soil content of available potassium in 66.65% of the banana plantations was higher than 100 mg/kg. The soil content of exchangeable calcium in the 70.37% plantations was over 250 mg/kg. The soil content of exchangeable Mg in 78.3% of the banana plantations was below 25 mg/kg. Some suggestions were put forward in order to improve the soil fertility and ensure sustainable development of banana plantations in Nanning, such as application of lime and alkaline fertilizer to improve soil acidity and p H value;application of organic fertilizer to enhance soil fertility structure; application of more nitrate nitrogen fertilizer than ammonium nitrogen, more phosphate fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer; rational application of potassium fertilizer, more application of calcium fertilizer in some banana plantations.
引文
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[13]张超一,樊小林.铵态氮及硝态氮配比对香蕉幼苗氮素吸收动力学特征的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(14):2 777-2 784.
[14]王岚,黄承和,陈玉子,等.铵硝配比对巴西香蕉生长和氮素营养的影响[J].热带作物学报,2016,37(1):26-29.
[15]黄达斌,林芗华,林惠环,等.不同施磷水平对香蕉产量与品质影响初报[J].热带农业科学,2011,31(10):47-50.
[16]谢如林,余小兰,黄金生,等.供钾水平对香蕉苗期生长和钾素吸收积累的影响[J].热带作物学报,2012,33(12):2 171-2 175.
[17]罗映鹏,程汝饱.镁肥对香蕉生长的影响[J].热带亚热带土壤,1998,7(1):75-76.
[18]郭义龙.漳州香蕉园土壤镁素分布状况及施镁效应研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2005(2):38-41.
[19]陈鸿洁,杨绍琼,赵东兴,等.河口县香蕉园土壤肥力状况分析[J].热带农业科学,2014,34(2):33-38.
[20]林电,郑丽燕,廖志气,等.海南香蕉园土壤肥力研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2007,2007(2):26-29.
[21]郭义龙.漳州低产香蕉园养分状况与平衡施肥研究[J].土壤,2004,36(6):667-671.
[22]易杰祥,吕亮雪,刘国道.土壤酸化和酸性土壤改良研究[J].华南热带农业大学学报,2006,12(1):23-28.
[23]董鲜,郑青松,王敏,等.铵态氮和硝态氮对香蕉枯萎病发生的比较研究[J].植物病理学报,2015,45(1):73-79.
[24]黄达斌,林芗华,林惠环,等.不同施磷水平对香蕉产量与品质影响初报[J].热带农业科学,2011,31(10):47-50.
[25]杨苞梅,李进权,姚丽贤,等.钾钙镁营养对香蕉产量、品质及贮藏性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(2):290-294.
[2]雷刘功,袁惠民.南宁市香蕉产业[Z].中国农业年鉴,2015.
[3]Shuen Y S,Arbaiy N,Jusoh Y Y.Fertilizer Information System for Banana Plantation[J].JOIV:International Journal on Informatics Visualization,2017,1(4-2):204-208.
[4]中国土壤调查办公室.全国第二次土壤普查养分分级标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1979.
[5]魏守兴,谢子四,李志阳,等.广西主要蕉园土壤肥力调查及评价[J].热带作物学报,2012,33(8):1 371-1 377.
[6]魏守兴,黄丽娜,谢子四,等.漳州主要长期蕉园土壤肥力分析与施肥建议[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(12):2 336-2 341.
[7]Nicol G W,Leininger S,Schleper C,et al.The influence of soil pH on the diversity,abundance and transcriptional activity of ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria[J].Environmental Microbiology,2010,10(11):2 966-2 978.
[8]漆智平.香蕉菠萝芒果椰子施肥技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,2000:78.
[9]寇建村,杨文权,李尚玮,等.我国果园土壤有机质研究进展[J].北方园艺,2016(4):185-191.
[10]樊小林,梁有良,王孝强.香蕉营养与施肥[M].北京:中国农业出版社.2007:15-17
[11]张茂星,张明超,陈鹏,等.硝/铵营养对香蕉生长及其枯萎病发生的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(5):1 241-1 247.
[12]Christian S,Wood C C,Roeb G W.Characterization of Arabidopsis AtAMT2,a high-affinity ammoniumtransporter of the plasma membrane[J].Plant Physiology,2002,130:1 788-1 796.
[13]张超一,樊小林.铵态氮及硝态氮配比对香蕉幼苗氮素吸收动力学特征的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(14):2 777-2 784.
[14]王岚,黄承和,陈玉子,等.铵硝配比对巴西香蕉生长和氮素营养的影响[J].热带作物学报,2016,37(1):26-29.
[15]黄达斌,林芗华,林惠环,等.不同施磷水平对香蕉产量与品质影响初报[J].热带农业科学,2011,31(10):47-50.
[16]谢如林,余小兰,黄金生,等.供钾水平对香蕉苗期生长和钾素吸收积累的影响[J].热带作物学报,2012,33(12):2 171-2 175.
[17]罗映鹏,程汝饱.镁肥对香蕉生长的影响[J].热带亚热带土壤,1998,7(1):75-76.
[18]郭义龙.漳州香蕉园土壤镁素分布状况及施镁效应研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2005(2):38-41.
[19]陈鸿洁,杨绍琼,赵东兴,等.河口县香蕉园土壤肥力状况分析[J].热带农业科学,2014,34(2):33-38.
[20]林电,郑丽燕,廖志气,等.海南香蕉园土壤肥力研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2007,2007(2):26-29.
[21]郭义龙.漳州低产香蕉园养分状况与平衡施肥研究[J].土壤,2004,36(6):667-671.
[22]易杰祥,吕亮雪,刘国道.土壤酸化和酸性土壤改良研究[J].华南热带农业大学学报,2006,12(1):23-28.
[23]董鲜,郑青松,王敏,等.铵态氮和硝态氮对香蕉枯萎病发生的比较研究[J].植物病理学报,2015,45(1):73-79.
[24]黄达斌,林芗华,林惠环,等.不同施磷水平对香蕉产量与品质影响初报[J].热带农业科学,2011,31(10):47-50.
[25]杨苞梅,李进权,姚丽贤,等.钾钙镁营养对香蕉产量、品质及贮藏性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(2):290-294.