黑果枸杞生长期施肥效果研究
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摘要
以2年生黑果枸杞苗为试验材料,设计氮、磷、钾3因素4水平施肥试验("3414"试验),探索不同施肥方案对黑果枸杞生长的影响及氮磷钾合理施肥配比,为黑果枸杞生产过程中的配方施肥提供参考依据。试验根据黑果枸杞栽培群体各性状的变异系数,确定施肥效果中各性状所占比重;根据确定的比重,计算施肥后某一施肥方案对植株整体生长的影响效果;进而确定施肥的最佳方案。试验筛选出大田黑果枸杞开花前营养施肥的最佳配比为尿素18 g/株、过磷酸钙56 g/株、硫酸钾33 g/株,3种肥料中尿素对黑果枸杞植株营养生长效果明显,过磷酸钙、硫酸钾施肥后短期效果不明显。本研究为施肥效果评价提供了一种思路,并初步筛选出一种黑果枸杞生长期施肥的肥料配比和用量。
Taking 2 years old Lycium ruthenicum seedlings as experimental materials, the authors designed a‘3414'test, in which N, K, P fertilizers were used as 3 factors and 4 different concentrations of them as 4 levels, to study the effects of different fertilization schemes and rational fertilization ratios, aiming at providinga reference for formula fertilization in L. ruthenicum cultivation. According to the variation coefficient of theobserved characters of the L. ruthenicum cultivation group, we determined the weight of the growth charactersin the fertilization effect, then, figured out each of the fertilization scheme's influence on the entire growth ofplants. At last, the best fertilization scheme was determined. The optimum fertilization ratio for pre-bloomperiod was: 18 g urea per plant, 56 g superphosphate per plant, 33 g potassium sulphate per plant. In addition,the urea had an obvious effect on plants' vegetative growth, while the other two kinds of fertilizers had noobvious effect in short term. The study provides a method to evaluate the fertilization effect on L. ruthenicum and screen out a rational fertilization ratio and dosage.
Taking 2 years old Lycium ruthenicum seedlings as experimental materials, the authors designed a‘3414'test, in which N, K, P fertilizers were used as 3 factors and 4 different concentrations of them as 4 levels, to study the effects of different fertilization schemes and rational fertilization ratios, aiming at providinga reference for formula fertilization in L. ruthenicum cultivation. According to the variation coefficient of theobserved characters of the L. ruthenicum cultivation group, we determined the weight of the growth charactersin the fertilization effect, then, figured out each of the fertilization scheme's influence on the entire growth ofplants. At last, the best fertilization scheme was determined. The optimum fertilization ratio for pre-bloomperiod was: 18 g urea per plant, 56 g superphosphate per plant, 33 g potassium sulphate per plant. In addition,the urea had an obvious effect on plants' vegetative growth, while the other two kinds of fertilizers had noobvious effect in short term. The study provides a method to evaluate the fertilization effect on L. ruthenicum and screen out a rational fertilization ratio and dosage.
引文
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[16]崔睿,梁艳丽,胡倩倩,等.施用磷肥与复合肥对云黄连生长性状、产量和品质的影响[J].云南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2017,32(4):697-702.
[17]马育华.植物育种的数量遗传性基础[M].江苏,江苏科技出版社,1996:98-107.
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[19]任广跃,刘亚男,乔小全,等.基于变异系数权重法对怀山药干燥全粉品质的评价[J].食品科学,2017,38(1):53-59.
[20]钟鉎元,秦垦,洪凤英,等.宁夏枸杞主要农艺性状与产量的相关性分析[J].宁夏农林科技,2008(3):35-36.
[21]贺春燕.施肥对枸杞产量和品质的影响及效应研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2009.
[22]王锦楠,陈进福,陈武生,等.柴达木地区野生黑果枸杞种群遗传多样性的AFLP分析[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(10):1003-1011.
[23]辛菊平,朱春云.柴达木盆地不同盐生境下黑果枸杞形态结构比较[J].西部林业科学,2015,44(4):73-78.
[24]鲍红春,李小雷,王建平,等.枸杞遗传多样性的ISSR分析[J].华北农学报,2014,29(1):89-92.
[25]万述伟,宋凤景,郝俊杰,等.国外豌豆种质资源农艺性状遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2016-07-07:1-14..
[2]王琴,王建友,李勇,等.我国黑果枸杞研究进展[J].北方园艺,2016(5):194-199.
[3]安巍,焦恩宁,石志刚,等.枸杞规范化栽培及加工技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,2005:19-84.
[4]钟鉎元.枸杞高产栽培技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,1998:68-69.
[5]张峰,翟红莲,李海涛,等.黑果枸杞温室育苗及滨海盐碱地造林的技术研究[J].中国农学通报2016,32(7):14-17.
[6]汪洋.黑果枸杞在北京地区引种栽培的关键技术研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.
[7]郑卓然,邓娇娇,杨立新.辽宁地区黑果枸杞的栽培技术[J].辽宁林业科技,2016,3:1-72.
[8]刘丽萍,张东智,张冲,等.黑果枸杞抗逆性及栽培育种研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2016,32(10):1-10.
[9]赵营,罗建航,陈晓群,等.宁夏枸杞园土壤养分资源与枸杞根系形态调查[J].干旱地区区农业研究,2008,26(1):47-50.
[10]赵营,罗健航,任福聪,等.有机肥和化肥配施对枸杞果实产量与品质的影响[J].宁夏农林科技,2007(64):17-18.
[11]耿生莲.黑果枸杞施肥试验[J].陕西林业科技,2009(2):48-50,66.
[12]王天宁,刘心平,王俊仁,等.枸杞专用肥肥效研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2005(3):20-21.
[13]李钰,何文寿,张学军,等.枸杞土壤肥力与合理施肥技术研究进展[J].农业科学研究,2006,27(2):62-65.
[14]陈新平,张福锁.通过“3414”试验建立测土配方施肥指标体系[J].中国农技推广,2006,22(4):35-39.
[15]王圣瑞,陈新平,高祥照,等.“3414”肥料试验模型拟合的探讨[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(4):409-413.
[16]崔睿,梁艳丽,胡倩倩,等.施用磷肥与复合肥对云黄连生长性状、产量和品质的影响[J].云南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2017,32(4):697-702.
[17]马育华.植物育种的数量遗传性基础[M].江苏,江苏科技出版社,1996:98-107.
[18]凌树洪,王道龙.关于作物田间试验样段代表性LSDα检验法[J].生物数学学报,1994,9(3):15-20.
[19]任广跃,刘亚男,乔小全,等.基于变异系数权重法对怀山药干燥全粉品质的评价[J].食品科学,2017,38(1):53-59.
[20]钟鉎元,秦垦,洪凤英,等.宁夏枸杞主要农艺性状与产量的相关性分析[J].宁夏农林科技,2008(3):35-36.
[21]贺春燕.施肥对枸杞产量和品质的影响及效应研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2009.
[22]王锦楠,陈进福,陈武生,等.柴达木地区野生黑果枸杞种群遗传多样性的AFLP分析[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(10):1003-1011.
[23]辛菊平,朱春云.柴达木盆地不同盐生境下黑果枸杞形态结构比较[J].西部林业科学,2015,44(4):73-78.
[24]鲍红春,李小雷,王建平,等.枸杞遗传多样性的ISSR分析[J].华北农学报,2014,29(1):89-92.
[25]万述伟,宋凤景,郝俊杰,等.国外豌豆种质资源农艺性状遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2016-07-07:1-14..