多花黑麦草+箭筈豌豆混播草地地上生物量和营养品质动态研究
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摘要
为探讨混播比例和刈割时期对禾豆混播草地地上生物量和营养品质的影响,本研究设多花黑麦草100%(H)、75%多花黑麦草+25%箭筈豌豆(HJ_1)、50%多花黑麦草+50%箭筈豌豆(HJ_2)、25%多花黑麦草+75%箭筈豌豆(HJ_3)与100%箭筈豌豆(J)5个处理,结果表明,混播比例可显著(P<0.05)影响分蘖/分枝数、粗蛋白含量、单茬/累计干物质产量、粗蛋白产量和可消化干物质产量,对株高、茎叶比、干物质含量、中性洗涤纤维含量、酸性洗涤纤维含量和可消化干物质含量无显著影响;刈割时期只对黑麦草分蘖数和单茬干物质产量无显著性影响,对其余指标有显著影响(P<0.05);混播比例与刈割时期对箭筈豌豆分枝数、茎叶比、粗蛋白含量、可消化干物质含量和累计干物质产量有交互效应(P<0.05)。混播组合HJ_2累计干物质产量19 030.44kg·hm~(-2)、累计粗蛋白产量3 130.66kg·hm~(-2)、累计可消化干物质产量13 214.14kg·hm~(-2),为最佳混播组合。
To discuss the effects of grass/legume ratio and cutting time on above-ground biomass and nutrient value of grass-legume mixture grassland,Five treatments(100% annual ryegrass(H),75% annual ryegrass+25% common vetch(HJ_1),50% annual ryegrass+50% common vetch(HJ_2),25% annual ryegrass+75%common vetch(HJ_3)and 100%common vetch(J))were set up in this study.The results showed that sowing ratio had significant effects(P<0.05)on grass tillers/legume branches,crude protein content,productions of dry matter,crude protein and in vitro digestible dry matter,but had no effects on plant height,ratio of stem/leaf and concentrations of dry matter,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility;cutting time had effects(P<0.05)on most of parameters(except of grass tillers and dry matter production at each harvest);there were significant interactive effects of sowing ratio and cutting time on legume branches,ratio of stem/leaf,crude protein content,in vitro dry matter digestibility and accumulative dry matter production(P<0.05).Mixture with HJ_2 produced dry matter of 19 030.44 kg·hm~(-2),crude protein of 3 130.66 kg·hm~(-2),digestive dry matter of 13 214.14 kg·hm~(-2).When all parameters considered,mixture with HJ_2 was the best ratio of mixture.
To discuss the effects of grass/legume ratio and cutting time on above-ground biomass and nutrient value of grass-legume mixture grassland,Five treatments(100% annual ryegrass(H),75% annual ryegrass+25% common vetch(HJ_1),50% annual ryegrass+50% common vetch(HJ_2),25% annual ryegrass+75%common vetch(HJ_3)and 100%common vetch(J))were set up in this study.The results showed that sowing ratio had significant effects(P<0.05)on grass tillers/legume branches,crude protein content,productions of dry matter,crude protein and in vitro digestible dry matter,but had no effects on plant height,ratio of stem/leaf and concentrations of dry matter,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility;cutting time had effects(P<0.05)on most of parameters(except of grass tillers and dry matter production at each harvest);there were significant interactive effects of sowing ratio and cutting time on legume branches,ratio of stem/leaf,crude protein content,in vitro dry matter digestibility and accumulative dry matter production(P<0.05).Mixture with HJ_2 produced dry matter of 19 030.44 kg·hm~(-2),crude protein of 3 130.66 kg·hm~(-2),digestive dry matter of 13 214.14 kg·hm~(-2).When all parameters considered,mixture with HJ_2 was the best ratio of mixture.
引文
[1]周寿荣,余云高,毛凯,等.稻田单播和混播豆禾牧草与水稻轮作的经济生态效益研究[J].四川草原,1992(3):2-8
[2]张新跃.四川农区高效草地农业系统研究进展[J].草业科学,2004,21(12):7-14
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[4]Nguyen C.Rhizodeposition of organic C by plants:mechanisms and controls[J].Agronomie,2003,23(5-6):375-396
[5]杨曌,张新全,李向林,等.应用灰色关联度综合评价17个不同秋眠级苜蓿的生产性能[J].草业学报,2009,18(5):67-72
[6]杨恒山,邰继承,范富.播种方式对人工草地土壤有机碳氧化稳定性和化学结合形态的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(3):36-42
[7]左艳春,杨春华,杜周和,等.扁穗牛鞭草和白三叶混播组合的综合评价[J].西南农业学报,2008,21(4):1094-1099
[8]Farnham D E,George J R.Dinitrogen fixation and nitrogen transfer in birdsfoot trefoil-orchardgrass communities[J].Agronomy Journal,1994,86:890-894
[9]Townsend C E.Breeding,physiology,culture,and utilization of cicer milkvetch(Astragalus cicer L.)[J].Advances in Agronomy,1993,49:253-308
[10]赵忠,曹永林,王裕昌,等.高寒牧区牧草混播比例筛选试验[J].草与畜杂志,1994(11):21-23
[11]毛凯,周寿荣,刘忠.箭筈豌豆与多花黑麦草混播群落氮素动态研究[J].草业科学,1996,13(1):9-21
[12]周寿荣,余云高,毛凯,等.稻田单播和混播豆禾牧草与水稻轮作的经济生态效益研究[J].四川草原,1992(3):2-8
[13]林多胡,陈云平.紫云英与黑麦草混播研究[J].福建农业科技,1986(6):15-17
[14]柳茜,傅平,敖学成,等.冬闲田多花黑麦草+光叶紫花苕混播草地生产性能与种间竞争的研究[J].草地学报,2016,24(1):42-46
[15]毛凯,周寿荣.一年生春性牧草混播种群生物量动态研究[J].草业学报,1996,5(2):66-71
[16]毛凯,周寿荣,王四敏,等.箭筈豌豆混播黑麦草生物量和种间竞争的研究[J].草地学报,1997,5(1)8-14
[17]Marten G C.放牧研究:设计方法与分析[M].李永宏,汪诗平,尹永军,等译.北京:气象出版社,1997:68-81
[18]Brooker R W,Callaghan T V.The balance between positive and negative plant interactions and its relationship to environmental gradients:A model[J].Oikos,1998,81:196-207
[19]张静,赵成章,盛亚萍,等.高寒山区混播草地燕麦和毛苕子种间竞争对密度的响应[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(7):1605-1611
[20]马春晖,韩建国,李鸿祥,等.冬牧70黑麦+箭筈豌豆混播草地生物量、品质及种间竞争的动态研究[J].草业学报,1999,8(4):56-64
[21]McBratney J M.Productivity of red clover grown alone and with companion grasses over a 4-year period[J].Crass and Forage Science,1981,36:267-279
[22]韩建国,马春晖,毛培胜,等.播种比例和施氮量及刈割期对燕麦与豌豆混播草地产草量和质量的影响[J].草地学报,1999,7(2):87-94
[23]Hui Qu,Xin Bao Liu,Chen Fei Dong,et al.Field performance and nutritive value of sweet sorghum in eastern China[J].Field Crops Research,2014,157:84-88
[24]李佶恺,孙涛,旺扎,等.西藏地区燕麦与箭筈豌豆不同混播比例对牧草产量和质量的影响[J].草地学报,2011,19(5):830-833
[25]Carmi A,Aharoni Y,Edelstein M,et al.Effects of irrigation and plant density on yield,composition and in vitro digestibility of a new forage sorghum variety,Tal,at two maturity stages[J].Animal Feed Science,2006,131,121-133
[2]张新跃.四川农区高效草地农业系统研究进展[J].草业科学,2004,21(12):7-14
[3]Frankow-Lindberg B E,Halling M,Hoglind M,et al.Yield and stability of yield of single and multi-clover grass-clover swards in two contrasting temperate environments[J].Grass and Forage Science,2009,64(3):236-245
[4]Nguyen C.Rhizodeposition of organic C by plants:mechanisms and controls[J].Agronomie,2003,23(5-6):375-396
[5]杨曌,张新全,李向林,等.应用灰色关联度综合评价17个不同秋眠级苜蓿的生产性能[J].草业学报,2009,18(5):67-72
[6]杨恒山,邰继承,范富.播种方式对人工草地土壤有机碳氧化稳定性和化学结合形态的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(3):36-42
[7]左艳春,杨春华,杜周和,等.扁穗牛鞭草和白三叶混播组合的综合评价[J].西南农业学报,2008,21(4):1094-1099
[8]Farnham D E,George J R.Dinitrogen fixation and nitrogen transfer in birdsfoot trefoil-orchardgrass communities[J].Agronomy Journal,1994,86:890-894
[9]Townsend C E.Breeding,physiology,culture,and utilization of cicer milkvetch(Astragalus cicer L.)[J].Advances in Agronomy,1993,49:253-308
[10]赵忠,曹永林,王裕昌,等.高寒牧区牧草混播比例筛选试验[J].草与畜杂志,1994(11):21-23
[11]毛凯,周寿荣,刘忠.箭筈豌豆与多花黑麦草混播群落氮素动态研究[J].草业科学,1996,13(1):9-21
[12]周寿荣,余云高,毛凯,等.稻田单播和混播豆禾牧草与水稻轮作的经济生态效益研究[J].四川草原,1992(3):2-8
[13]林多胡,陈云平.紫云英与黑麦草混播研究[J].福建农业科技,1986(6):15-17
[14]柳茜,傅平,敖学成,等.冬闲田多花黑麦草+光叶紫花苕混播草地生产性能与种间竞争的研究[J].草地学报,2016,24(1):42-46
[15]毛凯,周寿荣.一年生春性牧草混播种群生物量动态研究[J].草业学报,1996,5(2):66-71
[16]毛凯,周寿荣,王四敏,等.箭筈豌豆混播黑麦草生物量和种间竞争的研究[J].草地学报,1997,5(1)8-14
[17]Marten G C.放牧研究:设计方法与分析[M].李永宏,汪诗平,尹永军,等译.北京:气象出版社,1997:68-81
[18]Brooker R W,Callaghan T V.The balance between positive and negative plant interactions and its relationship to environmental gradients:A model[J].Oikos,1998,81:196-207
[19]张静,赵成章,盛亚萍,等.高寒山区混播草地燕麦和毛苕子种间竞争对密度的响应[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(7):1605-1611
[20]马春晖,韩建国,李鸿祥,等.冬牧70黑麦+箭筈豌豆混播草地生物量、品质及种间竞争的动态研究[J].草业学报,1999,8(4):56-64
[21]McBratney J M.Productivity of red clover grown alone and with companion grasses over a 4-year period[J].Crass and Forage Science,1981,36:267-279
[22]韩建国,马春晖,毛培胜,等.播种比例和施氮量及刈割期对燕麦与豌豆混播草地产草量和质量的影响[J].草地学报,1999,7(2):87-94
[23]Hui Qu,Xin Bao Liu,Chen Fei Dong,et al.Field performance and nutritive value of sweet sorghum in eastern China[J].Field Crops Research,2014,157:84-88
[24]李佶恺,孙涛,旺扎,等.西藏地区燕麦与箭筈豌豆不同混播比例对牧草产量和质量的影响[J].草地学报,2011,19(5):830-833
[25]Carmi A,Aharoni Y,Edelstein M,et al.Effects of irrigation and plant density on yield,composition and in vitro digestibility of a new forage sorghum variety,Tal,at two maturity stages[J].Animal Feed Science,2006,131,121-133