三七种子的大小对窝眼轮排种器充种性能的影响
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摘要
【目的】探究窝眼轮排种器型孔尺寸与分级后三七Panax notoginseng种子的适配性对充种性能的影响规律,确定各级三七种子与适配型孔尺寸之间的关系。【方法】将三七种子分为4级,设计了4种不同型孔尺寸的窝眼轮排种器,利用离散元软件EDEM模拟各级种子在不同型孔尺寸排种器中的充种过程,分析各级种子在不同型孔尺寸排种器中的充种性能,得到各级种子适配排种器型孔尺寸,并进行了试验验证。【结果】各级三七种子均有适配型孔排种器,5.0～5.5和6.5～7.0 mm分级段的种子适配排种器型孔尺寸为7.5和8.5 mm;5.5～6.0和6.0～6.5 mm分级段的种子适配排种器型孔尺寸为8.0 mm。各分级段的种子在其适配排种器中充种时,合格指数均大于95.83%,漏播指数均低于2.00%,重播指数均低于2.17%。确定了种子长轴(l)与孔径(L)之间以及高轴(h)与孔深(H)之间的线性关系方程分别为L=0.58l+4.28和H=0.75h+3.96。【结论】排种器充种性能满足了三七播种的农艺要求,为窝眼轮排种器型孔尺寸的设计提供了理论依据。
【Objective】To explore the influences of hole size of the nest hole wheel seed-metering and the adaptability of Panax notoginseng seeds on seed-filling performance, determine the relationships between P.notoginseng seeds of different grades and the adaptability shapes of seed-metering devices.【Method】We divided P. notoginseng seeds into four levels, and designed four different types of nest hole sizes. Using the discrete element software EDEM, we simulated the seed-filling process of graded seeds in seed-metering device with different size of nest hole. The seed filling performances of different grade seeds in seed-metering devices with different sizes were analysed, and the adaptability size of seed-metering device for the graded seeds was obtained. The experimental verification was carried out.【Result】P.notoginseng seeds of all levels have their suitable nest hole wheels. The 5.0-5.5 and 6.5-70 mm grading sections of seeds have the suitable hole sizes of 7.5 and 8.5 mm respectively, and both of 5.5-6.0 and 6.0-6.5 mm grading sections seeds match the hole size of8.0 mm. When seeds of all gardes are filled in the adaptive seed-metering devices, the qualified indexes are more than 95.83%, the miss-seeding indexes are lower than 2.00% and the redundant-seeding indexes are 2.17%. The linear relationship between the long axis size of seed(l) and aperture(L), and the relationship between the height axis size of seed(h) and hole depth(H) are all established, which are L=0.58 l+4.28 and H=0.75 h+3.96, respectively.【Conclusion】The seed-filling performance fully meets the agronomic requirements of P. notoginseng seeding, which provides a theoretical basis for the design of nest hole size of the nest hole wheel seeding device.
【Objective】To explore the influences of hole size of the nest hole wheel seed-metering and the adaptability of Panax notoginseng seeds on seed-filling performance, determine the relationships between P.notoginseng seeds of different grades and the adaptability shapes of seed-metering devices.【Method】We divided P. notoginseng seeds into four levels, and designed four different types of nest hole sizes. Using the discrete element software EDEM, we simulated the seed-filling process of graded seeds in seed-metering device with different size of nest hole. The seed filling performances of different grade seeds in seed-metering devices with different sizes were analysed, and the adaptability size of seed-metering device for the graded seeds was obtained. The experimental verification was carried out.【Result】P.notoginseng seeds of all levels have their suitable nest hole wheels. The 5.0-5.5 and 6.5-70 mm grading sections of seeds have the suitable hole sizes of 7.5 and 8.5 mm respectively, and both of 5.5-6.0 and 6.0-6.5 mm grading sections seeds match the hole size of8.0 mm. When seeds of all gardes are filled in the adaptive seed-metering devices, the qualified indexes are more than 95.83%, the miss-seeding indexes are lower than 2.00% and the redundant-seeding indexes are 2.17%. The linear relationship between the long axis size of seed(l) and aperture(L), and the relationship between the height axis size of seed(h) and hole depth(H) are all established, which are L=0.58 l+4.28 and H=0.75 h+3.96, respectively.【Conclusion】The seed-filling performance fully meets the agronomic requirements of P. notoginseng seeding, which provides a theoretical basis for the design of nest hole size of the nest hole wheel seeding device.
引文
[1]鹿瑶,吕钊钦,郑文秀,等.玉米窝眼轮排种器性能影响因素试验研究:基于EDEM[J].农机化研究,2018,40(6):155-160.
[2]赖庆辉,高筱钧,张智泓.三七气吸滚筒式排种器充种性能模拟与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):27-36.
[3]GRAVEN L M,CARTER P R.Seed size/shape and tillage system effect on corn growth and grain yield[J].J Prod Agric,1990,3(4):445-452.
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[5]甘露,鞠培鸿,冷洪友.大豆种子精选分级与精密播种[J].农机化研究,2000,22(2):124-125.
[6]刘佳,崔涛,张东兴,等.玉米种子的分级处理对气力式精量排种器播种效果的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(9):109-113.
[7]孙士明,那晓雁,靳晓燕,等.不同形态玉米种子分级单粒播种性能试验研究[J].农机化研究,2015,37(7):171-175.
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[10]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化委员会.长圆孔、长方孔和圆孔筛板:GB/T12620-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008:1-9.
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[13]张波屏.现代种植机械工程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997:26-30.
[14]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1988:289-291.
[15]丛锦玲,廖庆喜,曹秀英,等.油菜小麦兼用排种盘的排种器充种性能[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):30-39.
[16]涂金刚.关于双低油菜精准直播窝眼轮式排种技术研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2006.
[17]王国强,郝万军,王继新.离散单元法及其在EDEM上的实践[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2010:16-26.
[18]廖庆喜,张朋玲,廖宜涛,等.基于EDEM的离心式排种器排种性能数值模拟[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(2):109-114.
[19]石林榕,吴建民,孙伟,等.基于离散元法的水平圆盘式精量排种器排种仿真试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):40-48.
[20]王金武,唐汉,王奇,等.基于EDEM软件的指夹式精量排种器排种性能数值模拟与分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(21):43-50.
[21]SHIMIZU Y,CUNDALL P.Three dimensional DEMsimulation of bulk handing by screw conveyors[J].J Eng Mech-Asce,2001,127(9):864-872.
[22]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化委员会.单粒(精密)播种机试验方法:GB/T6973-2005[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005:10-24.
[2]赖庆辉,高筱钧,张智泓.三七气吸滚筒式排种器充种性能模拟与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):27-36.
[3]GRAVEN L M,CARTER P R.Seed size/shape and tillage system effect on corn growth and grain yield[J].J Prod Agric,1990,3(4):445-452.
[4]PANNING J W,KOCHER M F.Laboratory and filed testing of seed spacing uniformity for sugarbeet planters[J].Appl Eng Agric,2000,16(1):7-13.
[5]甘露,鞠培鸿,冷洪友.大豆种子精选分级与精密播种[J].农机化研究,2000,22(2):124-125.
[6]刘佳,崔涛,张东兴,等.玉米种子的分级处理对气力式精量排种器播种效果的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(9):109-113.
[7]孙士明,那晓雁,靳晓燕,等.不同形态玉米种子分级单粒播种性能试验研究[J].农机化研究,2015,37(7):171-175.
[8]张宇文.机械式多功能精密排种器的设计[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(5):50-53.
[9]任闯,高筱钧,苏薇,等.三七种子的物理机械特性试验[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,41(1):109-112.
[10]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化委员会.长圆孔、长方孔和圆孔筛板:GB/T12620-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008:1-9.
[11]林英伦.圆孔和长孔筛片[J].机械开发,1985(2):32-36.
[12]中华人民共和国农业部.农作物种子检验规程水分测定:GB/T3543.6-1995[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995:82-84.
[13]张波屏.现代种植机械工程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997:26-30.
[14]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1988:289-291.
[15]丛锦玲,廖庆喜,曹秀英,等.油菜小麦兼用排种盘的排种器充种性能[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):30-39.
[16]涂金刚.关于双低油菜精准直播窝眼轮式排种技术研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2006.
[17]王国强,郝万军,王继新.离散单元法及其在EDEM上的实践[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2010:16-26.
[18]廖庆喜,张朋玲,廖宜涛,等.基于EDEM的离心式排种器排种性能数值模拟[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(2):109-114.
[19]石林榕,吴建民,孙伟,等.基于离散元法的水平圆盘式精量排种器排种仿真试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):40-48.
[20]王金武,唐汉,王奇,等.基于EDEM软件的指夹式精量排种器排种性能数值模拟与分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(21):43-50.
[21]SHIMIZU Y,CUNDALL P.Three dimensional DEMsimulation of bulk handing by screw conveyors[J].J Eng Mech-Asce,2001,127(9):864-872.
[22]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化委员会.单粒(精密)播种机试验方法:GB/T6973-2005[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005:10-24.