新株型杂交稻高产群体特征分析
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摘要
以新株型杂交稻嘉优中科1号为供试材料,2016、2017年采用高产栽培措施构建超高产(产量≥13.5 t/hm~2)、高产(13.5 t/hm~2>产量≥12.0 t/hm~2)和对照(12.0 t/hm~2>产量≥10.5 t/hm~2)3个产量群体。对各个产量群体的产量构成特征、茎蘖生长动态、叶面积动态及构成、干物质积累转运等地上部特征进行追踪调查。结果表明,与高产和对照群体比较,超高产群体的总颖花量极显著提高,结实率和千粒重差异不显著;临界期—拔节期有效分蘖的超高产群体茎蘖增加平缓、无效分蘖发生少、高峰苗低、茎蘖衰减平缓、成穗率高。此外,超高产群体的叶面积指数、抽穗期后干物质积累量、收获指数均显著提高。
With Jiayouzhongke 1 as the test material, three yield populations were established by high-yield cultivation measures in 2016 and 2017, which were super-high-yield population(yield≥13. 5 t/hm~2), high-yield population(13. 5 t/hm~2> yield ≥12.0 t/hm~2) and CK(12.0 t/hm~2>yield≥10.5 t/hm~2). We investigated the yield component characteristics, tillering growth dynamics, leaf area dynamics and composition,dry matter accumulation and partition and other characters of aboveground part. Results showed that compared with high-yield population(HYF) and CK, super-high-yield population(SHYF)had extremely significant higher total spikelets, but its seed-setting rate and 1 000 grain weight showed no significant differences. During effective tillering critical period-jointing stage, SHYF showed smooth increase of stem tillers, less ineffective tillering, low peak seedlings, smooth tillers attenuation, high earbearing tiller percentage. Besides, the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation after heading stage and harvest index of SHYF were all significantly enhanced.
With Jiayouzhongke 1 as the test material, three yield populations were established by high-yield cultivation measures in 2016 and 2017, which were super-high-yield population(yield≥13. 5 t/hm~2), high-yield population(13. 5 t/hm~2> yield ≥12.0 t/hm~2) and CK(12.0 t/hm~2>yield≥10.5 t/hm~2). We investigated the yield component characteristics, tillering growth dynamics, leaf area dynamics and composition,dry matter accumulation and partition and other characters of aboveground part. Results showed that compared with high-yield population(HYF) and CK, super-high-yield population(SHYF)had extremely significant higher total spikelets, but its seed-setting rate and 1 000 grain weight showed no significant differences. During effective tillering critical period-jointing stage, SHYF showed smooth increase of stem tillers, less ineffective tillering, low peak seedlings, smooth tillers attenuation, high earbearing tiller percentage. Besides, the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation after heading stage and harvest index of SHYF were all significantly enhanced.
引文
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[2] 于林惠,李刚华,徐晶晶,等.基于高产示范方的机插水稻群体特征研究[J].中国水稻科学,2012,26(4):451-456.
[3] ZHANG Q F.Strategies for developing Green Super Rice[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2007,104(42):16402-16409.
[4] 冷语佳,钱前,曾大力.水稻理想株型的遗传基础研究[J].中国稻米,2014,20(2):1-6.
[5] 黄成娟.利用农业资源保障我国粮食安全的思路[J].经济纵横,2008(7):71-73.
[6] 杨建昌,杜永,吴长付,等.超高产粳型水稻生长发育特性的研究[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(7):1336-1345.
[7] 张洪程,吴桂成,李德剑,等.杂交粳稻13.5 t/hm2 超高产群体动态特征及形成机制的探讨[J].作物学报,2010,36(9):1547-1558.
[8] 蔡之军,周德银,高荣村,等.光身型粳稻嘉 58 籽粒灌浆特性分析[J].浙江农业学报,2015,27(7):1117-1121.
[9] 李刚华,张国发,陈功磊,等.超高产常规粳稻宁粳 1 号和宁粳 3 号群体特征及对氮的响应[J].作物学报,2009,35(6):1106-1114.
[10] 韦还和,李超,张洪程,等.水稻甬优12超高产群体分蘖特性及其与群体生产力的关系[J].作物学报,2014,40(10):1819-1829.
[11] 朱德峰,林贤青,曹卫星.超高产水稻品种的根系分布特点[J].南京农业大学学报,2000,23(4):5-8.
[12] 韦还和,姜元华,赵可,等.甬优系列杂交稻品种的超高产群体特征[J].作物学报,2013,39(12):2201-2210.
[13] 周昌洪.高产群体质量栽培技术在水稻的应用[J].农技服务,2016,33(5):87.