开花期干旱胁迫对鲜食糯玉米产量和品质的影响
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摘要
为探明开花期(抽雄吐丝期)干旱胁迫对鲜食糯玉米(吐丝后23 d采收)产量和品质的影响,以苏玉糯5号和渝糯7号为试材,采用负水头供水控水盆栽装置控制土壤含水量,设置开花期正常供水(土壤相对含水量80%)和干旱胁迫(土壤相对含水量60%)2个处理,研究干旱胁迫对鲜食糯玉米产量(鲜果穗和鲜籽粒)、籽粒组分、糊化和热力学特性的影响。结果表明,开花期干旱胁迫减少籽粒数量、降低籽粒重量、缩小籽粒体积,导致鲜果穗和鲜籽粒产量损失。开花期干旱胁迫下鲜食期籽粒淀粉含量升高,但对于蛋白质含量渝糯7号降低,苏玉糯5号变化不显著。蛋白质组分中,对球蛋白含量影响不显著,清蛋白、谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白均显著降低。开花期干旱胁迫显著降低淀粉粒平均粒径。碘结合力2015年度显著下降,2014年度受干旱影响不显著。开花期干旱胁迫下籽粒峰值黏度、谷值黏度和终值黏度在苏玉糯5号中降低,在渝糯7号中升高。开花期干旱胁迫下两品种峰值温度降低,回生热焓值和回生值升高,而热焓值仅渝糯7号在2014年度升高。总之,开花期干旱降低糯玉米鲜果穗和鲜籽粒产量,增加籽粒淀粉含量,降低籽粒蛋白质含量、淀粉粒径和支链淀粉中长链比例,进而使籽粒回生增加,但糊化黏度两品种表现不同(渝糯7号升高,苏玉糯5号下降)。
In order to clarify the influence of water deficit at flowering stage(tasseling silking stage) on yield and quality of fresh waxy maize(harvest at 23 d after silking), the fresh ear/grain yield and kernel components, pasting and thermal properties were measured using Suyunuo 5 and Yunuo 7. The soil moisture content was controlled by negative-pressure water supply and controlling pot device, and the relative soil moisture content for control and drought treatments was 80% and 60%, respectively. The drought at flowering stage decreased grain number, weight and volume, leading to the yield loss of fresh ear and grain. Under water deficit condition, grain starch content was increased, while protein content was increased in Yunuo 7 and unchanged in Suyunuo 5. For protein components, globulin contents was not affected by drought, while albumin, zein and glutenin contents were decreased when plants suffered water deficit at flowering stage. The starch granule size was reduced by drought for both varieties in both years, while starch iodine binding capacity for both varieties was decreased in 2015 and not affected in 2014 by drought. The peak, trough and final viscosities of grains were increased in Yunuo 7 and decreased in Suyunuo 5. Under drought condition, the grain peak gelatinization temperatures were decreased, retrogradation enthalpy and percentage were increased, while gelatinization enthalpy was only increased in Yunuo 7 in 2014. In conclusion, drought at flowering stage decreases fresh ear/grain yield, increases grain starch content, decreases protein content, starch granule size and the proportion of long chains in amylopectin, and increases the grain retrograde, while viscosities in response to water deficit are dependent on varieties(increases in Yunuo 7 and decreases in Suyunuo 5).
In order to clarify the influence of water deficit at flowering stage(tasseling silking stage) on yield and quality of fresh waxy maize(harvest at 23 d after silking), the fresh ear/grain yield and kernel components, pasting and thermal properties were measured using Suyunuo 5 and Yunuo 7. The soil moisture content was controlled by negative-pressure water supply and controlling pot device, and the relative soil moisture content for control and drought treatments was 80% and 60%, respectively. The drought at flowering stage decreased grain number, weight and volume, leading to the yield loss of fresh ear and grain. Under water deficit condition, grain starch content was increased, while protein content was increased in Yunuo 7 and unchanged in Suyunuo 5. For protein components, globulin contents was not affected by drought, while albumin, zein and glutenin contents were decreased when plants suffered water deficit at flowering stage. The starch granule size was reduced by drought for both varieties in both years, while starch iodine binding capacity for both varieties was decreased in 2015 and not affected in 2014 by drought. The peak, trough and final viscosities of grains were increased in Yunuo 7 and decreased in Suyunuo 5. Under drought condition, the grain peak gelatinization temperatures were decreased, retrogradation enthalpy and percentage were increased, while gelatinization enthalpy was only increased in Yunuo 7 in 2014. In conclusion, drought at flowering stage decreases fresh ear/grain yield, increases grain starch content, decreases protein content, starch granule size and the proportion of long chains in amylopectin, and increases the grain retrograde, while viscosities in response to water deficit are dependent on varieties(increases in Yunuo 7 and decreases in Suyunuo 5).
引文
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[31]Zhang T,Wang Z,Yin Y,Cai R,Yan S,Li W.Starch content and granule size distribution in grains of wheat in relation to post-anthesis water deficits.J Agron Crop Sci,2010,196:1–8
[32]陆大雷,孙旭利,王鑫,闫发宝,陆卫平.灌浆结实期水分胁迫对糯玉米粉理化特性的影响.中国农业科学,2013,46:30–36Lu D L,Sun X L,Wang X,Yan F B,Lu W P.Effects of water stress during grain filling on physicochemical properties of waxy maize flour.Sci Agric Sin,2013,46:30–36(in Chinese with English abstract)
[33]Gunaratne A,Ratnayaka U K,Sirisena N,Ratnayaka J,Kong X,Arachchi L V,Corke H.Effect of soil moisture stress from flowering to grain maturity on functional properties of Sri Lankan rice flour.Starch/St?rke,2011,63:283–290
[34]Perera C,Hoover R.Influence of hydroxypropylation on retrogradation properties of native,defatted and heatmoisture treated potato starches.Food Chem,1999,64:361–375
[2]Cooper M,Gho C,Leafgren R,Tang T,Messina C.Breeding drought-tolerant maize hybrids for the US corn-belt:discovery to product.J Exp Bot,2014,65:6191–204
[3]李叶蓓,陶洪斌,王若男,张萍,吴春江,雷鸣,张巽,王璞.干旱对玉米穗发育及产量的影响.中国生态农业学报,2015,23:383–391Li Y B,Tao H B,Wang R N,Zhang P,Wu C J,Lei M,Zhang X,Wang P.Effect of drought on ear development and yield of maize.Chin J Eco-Agric,2015,23:383–391(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]Begcy K,Walia H.Drought stress delays endosperm development and misregulates genes associated with cytoskeleton organization and grain quality proteins in developing wheat seeds.Plant Sci,2015,240:109–119
[5]Li C,Li C Y,Zhang R Q,Liang W,Kang X L,Jia Y,Liao Y C.Effects of drought on the morphological and physicochemical characteristics of starch granules in different elite wheat varieties.J Cereal Sci,2015,66:66–73
[6]Gous P W,Hasjim J,Franckowiak J,Fox G P,Gilbert R G.Barley genotype expressing“stay-green”-like characteristics maintains starch quality of the grain during water stress condition.J Cereal Sci,2013,58:414–419
[7]Yi B,Zhou Y F,Gao M Y,Zhang Z,Han Y,Yang G D,Xu W J,Huang R D.Effect of drought stress during flowering stage on starch accumulation and starch synthesis enzymes in sorghum grains.J Integr Agric,2014,13:2399–2406
[8]Haider Z,Farooq U,Naseem I,Zia S,Alamgeer M.Impact of drought stress on some grain quality traits in rice(Oryza sativa).Agric Res,2015,4:132–138
[9]Tester R F,Karkalas J.The effects of environmental conditions on the structural features and physicochemical properties of starches.Starch/St?rke,2001,53:513–519
[10]Wang Y X,Frei M.Stressed food:the impact of abiotic environmental stresses on crop quality.Agric Ecosyst Environ,2011,141:271–286
[11]Thitisaksakul M,Jimenez R C,Arias M C,Beckles D M.Effects of environmental factors on cereal starch biosynthesis and composition.J Cereal Sci,2012,56:67–80
[12]Beckles D M,Thitisaksakul M.How environmental stress affects starch composition and functionality in cereal endosperm.Starch/St?rke,2014,66:58–71
[13]Jagadish K S V,Kadam N N,Xiao G,Melgar R J,Bahuguna R N,Quinones C,Tamilselvan A,Prasad P V V.Agronomic and physiological responses to high temperature,drought,and elevated CO2 interactions in cereals.Adv Agron,2014,127:111–156
[14]Patindol J A,Siebenmorgen T J,Wang Y J.Impact of environmental factors on rice starch structure:A review.Starch/St?rke,2015,67:42–54
[15]Erbs M,Manderscheid R,Huther L,Schenderlein A,Wieser H,Danicke S,Weigel H J.Free-air CO2 enrichment modifies maize quality only under drought stress.Agron Sustain Dev,2015,35:203–212
[16]Lu D,Cai X,Zhao J,Shen X,Lu W.Effects of drought after pollination on grain yield and quality of fresh waxy maize.J Sci Food Agric,2015,95:210–215
[17]Hansen J,Moller I.Percolation of starch and soluble carbohydrates from plant tissue for quantitative determination with anthrone.Anal Biochem,1975,68:87–94
[18]AACC.Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists,Method 46(1990)10–01,AACCI,St Paul,MN
[19]张智猛,戴良香,胡昌浩,董树亭,王空军.氮素对不同类型玉米籽粒氨基酸、蛋白质含量及其组分变化的影响.西北植物学报,2015,25:1415–1420 Zhang Z M,Dai L X,Hu C H,Dong S T,Wang K J.Effect of nitrogen on amino acid and protein and protein component contents in the grains of different types of maize.Acta Bot Boreali-Occident Sin,2005,25:1415–1420(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]Lu D L,Shen X,Cai X M,Yan F B,Lu W P,Shi Y C.Effects of heat stress during grain filling on the structure and thermal properties of waxy maize starch.Food Chem,2014,143:313–318
[21]Lu D L,Lu W P.Effects of protein removal on the physicochemical properties of waxy maize flours.Starch/St?rke,2012,64:874–881
[22]Robins J S,Domingo C E.Some effects of severe soil moisture deficits at specific growth stages in corn.Agron J,1953,45:618–621
[23]刘永红,何文铸,杨勤,柯国华,高强.花期干旱对玉米籽粒发育的影响.核农学报,2007,21:181–185Liu Y H,He W Z,Yang Q,Ke G H,Gao Q.Effect of drought on grain growth at maize flowering stage.J Nucl Agric Sci,2007,21:181–185(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]刘萍,杜庆平,徐月明,王祥菊.糯玉米果穗不同计产方法对产量评价的影响.江苏农业科学,2013,41(4):85–87Liu P,Du Q P,Xu Y M,Wang X J.Effects of different ear yield calculating methods on yield evaluation in waxy corn.Jiangsu Agric Sci,2013,41(4):85–87(in Chinese)
[25]Liu L M,Klocke N,Yan S P,Rogers D,Schlegel A,Lamm F,Chang S I,Wang D.Impact of deficit irrigation on maize physical and chemical properties and ethanol yield.Cereal Chem,2013,90:453–462
[26]Zhang W,Gu J,Wang Z,Wei C,Yang J,Zhang J.Comparison of structural and functional properties of wheat starch under different soil drought conditions.Sci Rep,2017,7(1):12312
[27]Lu D,Cai X,Lu W.Effects of water deficit during grain filling on the physicochemical properties of waxy maize starch.Starch/St?rke,2015,67:692–700
[28]Lindeboom N,Chang P R,Tyler R T.Analytical,biochemical and physicochemical aspects of starch granule size,with emphasis on small granule starches:a review.Starch/St?rke,2004,56:89–99
[29]Yu X,Li B,Wang L,Chen X,Wang W,Gu Y,Wang Z,Xiong F.Effect of drought stress on the development of endosperm starch granules and the composition and physicochemical properties of starches from soft and hard wheat.J Sci Food Agric,2016,96:2746–2754.
[30]Singh S,Singh G,Singh P,Singh N.Effect of water stress at different stages of grain development on the characteristics of starch and protein of different wheat varieties.Food Chem,2008,108:130–139
[31]Zhang T,Wang Z,Yin Y,Cai R,Yan S,Li W.Starch content and granule size distribution in grains of wheat in relation to post-anthesis water deficits.J Agron Crop Sci,2010,196:1–8
[32]陆大雷,孙旭利,王鑫,闫发宝,陆卫平.灌浆结实期水分胁迫对糯玉米粉理化特性的影响.中国农业科学,2013,46:30–36Lu D L,Sun X L,Wang X,Yan F B,Lu W P.Effects of water stress during grain filling on physicochemical properties of waxy maize flour.Sci Agric Sin,2013,46:30–36(in Chinese with English abstract)
[33]Gunaratne A,Ratnayaka U K,Sirisena N,Ratnayaka J,Kong X,Arachchi L V,Corke H.Effect of soil moisture stress from flowering to grain maturity on functional properties of Sri Lankan rice flour.Starch/St?rke,2011,63:283–290
[34]Perera C,Hoover R.Influence of hydroxypropylation on retrogradation properties of native,defatted and heatmoisture treated potato starches.Food Chem,1999,64:361–375