基于三维生态足迹的重庆市自然资本利用动态分析
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摘要
随着经济的快速发展,资源耗竭、环境污染等生态问题日益成为人们关注的焦点。自然资本作为绿色经济的发展基础,评估其利用状况是研究区域可持续发展的重要内容。以重庆市为案例,在二维生态足迹分析的基础上,进一步通过三维生态足迹模型分析重庆市自然资本利用状况。结果表明:(1)由于生态足迹的上升超过了生态承载力变化,2000—2015年间重庆市生态赤字随着年份增长在逐步增大,亟需通过生态建设和促进自然资本合理利用以提高区域的生态承载力,降低生态足迹,缓解生态赤字;(2)2000—2015年间重庆市足迹深度上升至2.565,足迹广度变化不大,重庆的发展需要尽量减少化石能源的总使用量,优化能源消费结构,以减少足迹深度;(3)重庆市自然资本存量耗用比例高,到2015年资本存量消耗量已接近资本流量占用量的2.18倍,需要通过生态补偿等措施来引导资本流量的增加、资本存量消耗的减少,促进区域自然资本增值,提高自然资本的流动性和盈利能力。
This study analyzed the utilization of natural capital in Chongqing through the three-dimensional ecological footprint model. The results show that:(1) since the increase of ecological footprint exceeds the change of ecological carrying capacity, the ecological deficit of Chongqing was gradually increasing from 2000 to 2015. It is urgent to improve its regional ecological carrying capacity, reduce ecological footprint,alleviate the deficit through ecological construction,and promote the rational use of natural capital.(2)From 2000 to 2015, Chongqing's footprint depth increased to 2.565, and the footprint breadth changed little. The development of Chongqing needs to minimize the total use of fossil energy and optimize energy consumption structure to reduce footprint depth;(3)Chongqing's natural capital stock consumption ratio is high.By 2015 the capital stock consumption has approached the capital flow proportion 2.18 times of the consumption,it is necessary to guide the increase of capital flow and the decrease of capital stock consumption through eco-compensation measures.The purpose is to promote the increase of regional natural capital and improve the liquidity and profitability of natural capital.
This study analyzed the utilization of natural capital in Chongqing through the three-dimensional ecological footprint model. The results show that:(1) since the increase of ecological footprint exceeds the change of ecological carrying capacity, the ecological deficit of Chongqing was gradually increasing from 2000 to 2015. It is urgent to improve its regional ecological carrying capacity, reduce ecological footprint,alleviate the deficit through ecological construction,and promote the rational use of natural capital.(2)From 2000 to 2015, Chongqing's footprint depth increased to 2.565, and the footprint breadth changed little. The development of Chongqing needs to minimize the total use of fossil energy and optimize energy consumption structure to reduce footprint depth;(3)Chongqing's natural capital stock consumption ratio is high.By 2015 the capital stock consumption has approached the capital flow proportion 2.18 times of the consumption,it is necessary to guide the increase of capital flow and the decrease of capital stock consumption through eco-compensation measures.The purpose is to promote the increase of regional natural capital and improve the liquidity and profitability of natural capital.
引文
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[2] REES W E. Ecological footprint and appropriated carrying capacity: What urban economics leaves out [J]. Environment and Urbanization, 1992, 4(2):121-130.
[3] WACKERNAGEL M, ONISTO L, BELLO P, et al. National natural capital accounting with the ecological footprint concept [J]. Ecological Economics, 1999, 29(3):375-390.
[4] 林彤,廖福霖,罗栋燊.福建省水生态足迹时空分异[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2014,9(3):82-88.
[5] 刘东,封志明,杨艳昭.基于生态足迹的中国生态承载力供需平衡分析[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(4):614-624.
[6] 王琦,易桂花,张廷斌,等.基于生态足迹模型的四川省耕地资源评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(1):80-87.
[7] 吴明珠,李小梅,张江山.基于生态足迹模型的福建省生态安全分析与预测[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2013,8(3):35-43.
[8] NICCOLUCCI V, TIEZZI E, PULSELLI F M, et al. Biocapacity vs ecological footprint of world regions: A geopolitical interpretation [J]. Ecological Indicators, 2012, 16(SI):23-30.
[9] ERB K H. Actual land demand of Austria 1926—2000: A variation on ecological footprint assessments [J]. Land Use Policy, 2004, 21(3):247-259.
[10] 徐中民,程国栋,张志强.生态足迹方法的理论解析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2006,16(6):69-78.
[11] NICCOLUCCI V, BASTIANONI S, TIEZZI E B P, et al. How deep is the footprint? A 3D representation [J]. Ecological Modeling, 2009, 220(20):2819-2823.
[12] NICCOLUCCI V, GALLI A, REED A, et al. Towards a 3D national ecological footprint geography [J]. Ecological Modeling, 2011, 222(16):2939-2944.
[13] 方恺.生态足迹深度和广度:构建三维模型的新指标[J].生态学报,2013,33(1):267-274.
[14] 方恺,高凯,李焕承.基于三维生态足迹模型优化的自然资本利用国际比较[J].地理研究,2013,32(9):1657-1667.
[15] 方恺, REINOUT H. 自然资本核算的生态足迹三维模型研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(12):1700-1707.
[16] 余华,叶青,张晓灿.基于改进生态足迹模型的泉州市县域生态承载力评价[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2017,12(2):30-37.
[17] 靳相木,柳乾坤.基于三维生态足迹模型扩展的土地承载力指数研究——以温州市为例[J].生态学报,2017,37(9):2982-2993.
[18] 孙才志,张智雄.中国水生态足迹广度、深度评价及空间格局[J].生态学报,2017,37(21):7048-7060.
[19] 杨屹,胡蝶.生态脆弱区榆林三维生态足迹动态变化及其驱动因素[J].自然资源学报,2018,33(7):1204-1217.
[20] 马维兢,刘斌,杨德伟,等.基于三维生态足迹模型的流域自然资本动态评估——以福建省九龙江流域为例[J].资源科学,2017,39(5):871-880.
[21] MATHIS W, YOUNT D J. The ecological footprint: an indicator of progress toward regional sustainability [J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1998, 51: 511-529.
[22] 刘超,许月卿,孙丕苓,等.基于改进三维生态足迹模型的张家口市生态可持续性评价[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(6):169-176.
[23] 方恺,沈万斌,郑沁敏,等.化石能源地生态承载力研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(12):201-205.
[24] 谢鸿宇,陈贤生,林凯荣,等.基于碳循环的化石能源及电力生态足迹[J].生态学报,2008,28(4):1729-1735.
[25] 胡悦,王琳琳.基于三维生态足迹模型的河北省自然资本利用研究[J].发展研究,2017,(4):52-57.
[26] 王建洪,任志远,苏雅丽.基于生态足迹的1997—2009年西安市土地生态承载力评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(1):224-229,237.
[27] 周宁.基于改进生态足迹方法的重庆市生态承载力时空动态研究[D].重庆:重庆师范大学,2017:34-38.
[28] 杨木壮,吴涛,谢鸿宇.基于生态足迹的沿海地区生态承载力评价:以汕头市为例[J].国土与自然资源研究,2013(2):34-36.
[29] HICKS J R. Value and capital: An inquiry into some fundamental principles of economic theory [M]. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1946.
[30]白婷.基于改进生态足迹模型的重庆市可持续发展能力研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2017:7-26.
[2] REES W E. Ecological footprint and appropriated carrying capacity: What urban economics leaves out [J]. Environment and Urbanization, 1992, 4(2):121-130.
[3] WACKERNAGEL M, ONISTO L, BELLO P, et al. National natural capital accounting with the ecological footprint concept [J]. Ecological Economics, 1999, 29(3):375-390.
[4] 林彤,廖福霖,罗栋燊.福建省水生态足迹时空分异[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2014,9(3):82-88.
[5] 刘东,封志明,杨艳昭.基于生态足迹的中国生态承载力供需平衡分析[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(4):614-624.
[6] 王琦,易桂花,张廷斌,等.基于生态足迹模型的四川省耕地资源评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(1):80-87.
[7] 吴明珠,李小梅,张江山.基于生态足迹模型的福建省生态安全分析与预测[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2013,8(3):35-43.
[8] NICCOLUCCI V, TIEZZI E, PULSELLI F M, et al. Biocapacity vs ecological footprint of world regions: A geopolitical interpretation [J]. Ecological Indicators, 2012, 16(SI):23-30.
[9] ERB K H. Actual land demand of Austria 1926—2000: A variation on ecological footprint assessments [J]. Land Use Policy, 2004, 21(3):247-259.
[10] 徐中民,程国栋,张志强.生态足迹方法的理论解析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2006,16(6):69-78.
[11] NICCOLUCCI V, BASTIANONI S, TIEZZI E B P, et al. How deep is the footprint? A 3D representation [J]. Ecological Modeling, 2009, 220(20):2819-2823.
[12] NICCOLUCCI V, GALLI A, REED A, et al. Towards a 3D national ecological footprint geography [J]. Ecological Modeling, 2011, 222(16):2939-2944.
[13] 方恺.生态足迹深度和广度:构建三维模型的新指标[J].生态学报,2013,33(1):267-274.
[14] 方恺,高凯,李焕承.基于三维生态足迹模型优化的自然资本利用国际比较[J].地理研究,2013,32(9):1657-1667.
[15] 方恺, REINOUT H. 自然资本核算的生态足迹三维模型研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(12):1700-1707.
[16] 余华,叶青,张晓灿.基于改进生态足迹模型的泉州市县域生态承载力评价[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2017,12(2):30-37.
[17] 靳相木,柳乾坤.基于三维生态足迹模型扩展的土地承载力指数研究——以温州市为例[J].生态学报,2017,37(9):2982-2993.
[18] 孙才志,张智雄.中国水生态足迹广度、深度评价及空间格局[J].生态学报,2017,37(21):7048-7060.
[19] 杨屹,胡蝶.生态脆弱区榆林三维生态足迹动态变化及其驱动因素[J].自然资源学报,2018,33(7):1204-1217.
[20] 马维兢,刘斌,杨德伟,等.基于三维生态足迹模型的流域自然资本动态评估——以福建省九龙江流域为例[J].资源科学,2017,39(5):871-880.
[21] MATHIS W, YOUNT D J. The ecological footprint: an indicator of progress toward regional sustainability [J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1998, 51: 511-529.
[22] 刘超,许月卿,孙丕苓,等.基于改进三维生态足迹模型的张家口市生态可持续性评价[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(6):169-176.
[23] 方恺,沈万斌,郑沁敏,等.化石能源地生态承载力研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(12):201-205.
[24] 谢鸿宇,陈贤生,林凯荣,等.基于碳循环的化石能源及电力生态足迹[J].生态学报,2008,28(4):1729-1735.
[25] 胡悦,王琳琳.基于三维生态足迹模型的河北省自然资本利用研究[J].发展研究,2017,(4):52-57.
[26] 王建洪,任志远,苏雅丽.基于生态足迹的1997—2009年西安市土地生态承载力评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(1):224-229,237.
[27] 周宁.基于改进生态足迹方法的重庆市生态承载力时空动态研究[D].重庆:重庆师范大学,2017:34-38.
[28] 杨木壮,吴涛,谢鸿宇.基于生态足迹的沿海地区生态承载力评价:以汕头市为例[J].国土与自然资源研究,2013(2):34-36.
[29] HICKS J R. Value and capital: An inquiry into some fundamental principles of economic theory [M]. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1946.
[30]白婷.基于改进生态足迹模型的重庆市可持续发展能力研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2017:7-26.