长三角地区民宿的空间分布及影响因素
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摘要
近年来,民宿作为旅游业发展的新兴模式,日益受到关注,并呈现蓬勃发展状态。以民宿业发展最为成熟的长三角地区为研究对象,基于去哪儿网相关民宿数据,采用空间最邻近分析、密度分析等空间分析方法,研究民宿的空间分布格局与特征,并基于逐步回归分析,探讨影响民宿分布的因素,得出以下结论:①长三角地区民宿呈现高度集聚的状态,整体上表现为多核心分布,并形成一、二、三级组团,密度由核心向外围递减。②民宿集聚分布在经济较为发达的城市和核心景区周边,具有明显的中心性。③基于对经济基本状况、交通状况、人口条件、居民消费能力、旅游市场状况、旅游资源与环境条件等方面共15个影响因素分析,发现单位面积旅游收入、A级景区数量、人口密度、地区国内生产总值四个指标对民宿密度有显著正向影响,其中,影响力单位面积旅游收入>A级景区数量>人口密度>地区国内生产总值。
The rapid development of urban economy has accelerated the process of population migration from rural areas to cities and towns. Rural hollowing becomes a common phenomenon in the decaying traditional villages, which causes a series of problems, such as the idle and abandoned rural courtyards, the increasing empty nesters and left-behind women and children, the destroyed traditional buildings, the neglected and forgotten lack of local culture and so on. It is the urban middle class that has gradually become the main body of tourism consumption market, and advocate the necessity and importance of protecting traditional local culture and inheriting rural buildings. As essential tourism resource and reception facilities,homestay has become a new growth point of rural leisure tourism and a major breakthrough in rural activation and regional tourism development.In recent years, China's homestay industry has developed rapidly, and it has increasingly became an advanced development mode of tourism accommodation. Taking homestay in Yangtze River Delta as an example, which is the most developed agglomeration in the region,this paper based on the network crawler data of homestay and inn channel on 'qunar.com', uses nearest neighbor analysis and kernel density estimation to study its spatial distribution. And through stepwise regression analysis, it finds out:(1) homestay is characterized by high agglomeration in space, showing the multi-core cluster distribution, and the density of the homestay decreases from center to outer areas;(2) homestay is especially located around the periphery of developed cities, forming density centers;(3) taking 15 factors into account, such as economic environment, traffic condition, population condition, spending capacity, tourism market condition, tourism resources condition and environmental condition, we conclude that tourism revenue per unit area, number of A-level scenic spots, population density and regional GDP have significant positive impact on the density of homestay. In terms of influence, the tourism revenue per unit area > number of A-level scenic spots > population density > regional GDP.
The rapid development of urban economy has accelerated the process of population migration from rural areas to cities and towns. Rural hollowing becomes a common phenomenon in the decaying traditional villages, which causes a series of problems, such as the idle and abandoned rural courtyards, the increasing empty nesters and left-behind women and children, the destroyed traditional buildings, the neglected and forgotten lack of local culture and so on. It is the urban middle class that has gradually become the main body of tourism consumption market, and advocate the necessity and importance of protecting traditional local culture and inheriting rural buildings. As essential tourism resource and reception facilities,homestay has become a new growth point of rural leisure tourism and a major breakthrough in rural activation and regional tourism development.In recent years, China's homestay industry has developed rapidly, and it has increasingly became an advanced development mode of tourism accommodation. Taking homestay in Yangtze River Delta as an example, which is the most developed agglomeration in the region,this paper based on the network crawler data of homestay and inn channel on 'qunar.com', uses nearest neighbor analysis and kernel density estimation to study its spatial distribution. And through stepwise regression analysis, it finds out:(1) homestay is characterized by high agglomeration in space, showing the multi-core cluster distribution, and the density of the homestay decreases from center to outer areas;(2) homestay is especially located around the periphery of developed cities, forming density centers;(3) taking 15 factors into account, such as economic environment, traffic condition, population condition, spending capacity, tourism market condition, tourism resources condition and environmental condition, we conclude that tourism revenue per unit area, number of A-level scenic spots, population density and regional GDP have significant positive impact on the density of homestay. In terms of influence, the tourism revenue per unit area > number of A-level scenic spots > population density > regional GDP.
引文
[1]杨丽娟.中国台湾地区民宿旅游的研究进展与启示.成都大学学报:社会科学版,2016,(2):31-38.[Yang Lijuan.Review and Enlightenment of Taiwan B&B Research.Journal of Chengdu University:Social Sciences,2016,(2):31-38.]
[2]Clarke J.Farm accommodation and the communication mix.Tourism Management,1996,17(8):611-616.
[3]Timothy D J,Teye V B.Tourism and the Lodging Sector.Oxford,New York:Routledge,2009.
[4]郑皓文.民宿旅客新奇追求市场区隔之研究.台北:台湾师范大学博士学位论文,2012.[Zheng Haowen.Noveltyseeking Segmentation of B&B Tourists.Taipei:Doctoral Dissertation of Taiwan Normal University,2012.]
[5]章艺,吴健芬.LB/T 065-2017《旅游民宿基本要求与评价》.标准生活,2017,(9):40-43.[Zhang Yi,Wu Jianfen.LB/T065-2017 Basic Requirements and Evaluation for Homestay Inn.Standard Living,2017(9):40-43.]
[6]Dallen J Timothy,Victor B Teye.Tourism and the Lodging Sector.New York:Oxford,2009
[7]Chen H T,Chen K S,Hsipeng T,et al.Usage behavior causal model construction for B&B-owned websites-from the B&B owner/operator perspective.Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality&Tourism,2014,15(4):399-424.
[8]Miyoung Jeong PhD.An exploratory study of perceived importance of web site characteristics:The case of the bed and breakfast industry.Journal of Hospitality&Leisure Marketing,2004,11(4):29-44.
[9]Hudson S,Gilbert D.The internet and small hospitality businesses:B&B marketing in Canada.Journal of Hospitality&Leisure Marketing,2006,14(1):99-116.
[10]Xia B,Dong S,Ba D,et al.Research on the spatial differentiation and driving factors of tourism enterprises'efficiency:Chinese scenic spots,travel agencies,and hotels.Sustainability,2018,10(4):901.
[11]Scarinci J,Richins H.Specialist lodging in the USA:Motivations of bed and breakfast accommodation guests.Tourism,2008,56:271-282.
[12]Gunasekaran N,Anandkumar V.Factors of influence in choosing alternative accommodation:A study with reference to pondicherry,a coastal heritage town.Procedia-social and Behavioral Sciences,2012,62:1127-1132.
[13]Dawson C P,Brown T L.B&Bs:A matter of choice.Cornell Hotel&Restaurant Administration Quarterly,1988,29(1):17-21.
[14]So Yon Lee,Johnny Sue Reynolds,Lisa R.Kennon.Bed and breakfast industries.Journal of Travel&Tourism Marketing,2003,14(1):37-53.
[15]Kunjuraman V,Hussin R.Challenges of community-based homestay programme in Sabah,Malaysia:Hopeful or hopeless?.Tourism Management Perspectives,2017,21:1-9.
[16]Asbullah A S,Irhamsyah M S,Nugraha M.Eco-homestay:Development concept on rural tourism-based conservation model:Study case of Sidomulyo village,Silo district,Jember regency.Journal of Indonesian Tourism&Development Studies,2013,1(9):123-127
[17]Yu Y,Han Q,Tang W,et al.Exploration of the industrial spatial linkages in urban agglomerations:A case of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,China.Sustainability,2018,10(5):1469.
[18]Huang L.Bed and breakfast industry adopting e-commerce strategies in e-service.Service Industries Journal,2008,28(5):633-648.
[19]Filler E J.Strategic Alliance Between a Bed&Breakfast Inn and a Restaurateur:Impact on Net Income of the Bed&Breakfast Inn.Denton:Master Dissertation of University of North Texas,2000.
[20]李沛沛,单文君.基于内容分析法的杭州西湖景区周边民宿质量现状及提升策略研究.现代商业,2017,(18):28-30.[Li Peipei,Shan Wenjun.The current situation of Hangzhou West Lake surrounding area the hostel quality based on content analysis and promotion strategy research.Modern Business,2017,(18):28-30.]
[21]张延,代慧茹.民宿分类研究.江苏商论,2016,(10):8-11,21.[ZhangYan,Dai Huiru.Folk classification of accommodation.Jiangsu Commercial Forum,2016,(10):8-11,21.]
[22]李德梅,邱枫,董朝阳.民宿资源评价体系实证研究.世界科技研究与发展,2015,(4):404-409.[Li Demei,Qiu Feng,Dong Chaoyang.Empirical study on evaluation system of bed and breakfast resources.World Sci-tech R&D,2015,(4):404-409.]
[23]胡平东.基于旅游景区的民宿客栈发展模式探索.经营管理者,2016,(33):129.[Hu Pingdong.To explore development model based on the tourism spot's inn and homstay.Manager'Journal,2016,(33):129.]
[24]马桂玲,马锦义.基于游客再宿意愿的旅游民宿开发经营策略研究.乐山师范学院学报,2016,(10):55-62.[Ma Guilin,Ma Jinyi.A study of strategies of developing and managing home-stay hotel based on tourists'revisit intention.Journal of Leshan Normal University,2016,(10):55-62.]
[25]曾磊,段艳丽,汪永萍.台湾民宿产业对大陆乡村旅游发展的启示.河北农业大学学报:农林教育版,2009,(4):507-510,513.[Zeng Lei,Duan Yanli,Wang Yongping.Taiwan B&B hotel industry and its inspiration to mainland rural tourism.Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei:Agriculture and Forestry Education Edition,2009,(4):507-510,513.]
[26]黄杰龙,张玲玲,范梦丹,等.基于游客行为意图的民宿景观的组合评价与开发设计.福建农林大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2015,(4):76-81.[Huang Jielong,Zhang LIingling,Fan Mengdan,et al.Combined evaluation and development design of minshuku landscape based on tourists behavioral intent.Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Philosophy and Social Sciences,2015,(4):76-81.]
[27]丁源.浅谈台湾民宿设计风格及特点.新西部:理论版,2015,(18):43,52.[Ding Yuan.Taiwan B&B design style and characteristics.New West,2015,(18):43,52.]
[28]钱敏.基于本土化与人情化理念的民宿设计:以舟山市海岛民宿为例.旅游纵览月刊,2016,(5):98.[Qian Min.Homestay design based on humanized concept and localization:Taking island homestay in Zhoushan city as an example.Tourism Overview,2016,(5):98.]
[29]王英子.湖南中部山区乡村庄园化民宿设计探析:以双公山居为例.农村经济与科技,2017,(3):90-91.[Wang Yingzi.The homestay design of the central mountainous areas of Hunan:Taking Shuanggong shanju as an example.Rural Economy and Science-Technology,2017,(3):90-91.]
[30]胡敏.乡村民宿经营管理核心资源分析.旅游学刊,2007,(9):64-69.[Hu min.An analysis of the core resources in the management of rural lodgings.Tourism Tribune,2007,(9):64-69.]
[31]顾翘楚.台湾民宿的优势分析及借鉴.商,2016,(4):80,33.[Gu Qiaochu.The analysis and reference of the advantages of Taiwan B&B.Business,2016,(4):80,33.]
[32]赵凌玲.民间资本运营与乡村旅游住宿业发展.经营与管理,2015,(10):25-28.[Zhao Linling.The operation of private capital and the development of rural tourism accommodation.Management and Administration,2015,(10):25-28.]
[33]皮常玲,郑向敏.基于在线评论的民宿顾客抱怨研究:以厦门鼓浪屿民宿为例.旅游论坛,2017,(3):35-44.[Pi Changling,Zheng Xiangmin.Customers'complaints about bed and breadfast based on online reviews analysis:A case study of Xiamen Gulangyu's bed and breakfast.Tourism Forum,2017,(3):35-44.]
[34]李燕琴,于文浩,柏雨帆.基于Airbnb网站评价信息的京台民宿对比研究.管理学报,2017,(1):122-128,138.[Li Yanqin,Yu Wenhao,Bo Yufan.Comparative research on B&B of Beijing and taipei based on ratings on the airbnb website.Chinese Journal of Management,2017,(1):122-128,138.]
[35]阮雯.民宿业发展新态势与政府行为分析:基于杭州民宿的调查研究.山东行政学院学报,2016,(1):77-81.[Ruan Wen.Analysis of the new situation and government behavior of homestay industry:Based on a survey Hangzhou homestay.Journal of Shandong Academy of Governance,2016,(1):77-81.]
[36]戴丽霞.海南乡村旅游民宿发展的法律监管问题研究.农业经济,2016,(6):46-48.[Dai Lixia.Study on legal supervision of Hainan rural tourism homestay development.Agricultural Economy,2016,(6):46-48.]
[37]王润,刘家明.旅游产业集群研究综述.地理科学进展,2012,31(10):1407-1412.[Wang Run,Liu Jiaming.A review of tourism cluster research.Progress in Geography,2012,31(10):1407-1412.]
[38]周琼.台湾民宿发展态势及其借鉴.台湾农业探索,2014,(1):13-18.[Zhou Qiu.Analysis on the development of Taiwan homestay and its enlightenment.Taiwan Agricultural Research,2014,(1):13-18.]
[39]熊国铭.供应链视角下对民宿集群发展的思考.物流技术,2016,35(1):146-148.[Xiong Guoming.Thoughts on development of B&B cluster:A supply chain perspective.Logistics Technology,2016,35(1):146-148.]
[40]陈佳洁,陈静,林佳玲.民宿集群对乡村旅游目的地品牌形象构建影响研究:基于浙江省数据.农村经济与科技,2017,28(7):79-82.[Chen Jiajie,Chen Jing,Lin Jialing.A study on B&B cluster construction influence on rural tourism destination's brand image:Based on the data of Zhejiang province.Rural Economy and Science-Technology,2017,28(7):79-82.]
[41]李倩.承德市美丽乡村建设现状及产业支撑瓶颈研究.旅游纵览月刊,2017,(2):187.[Li Qian.Study on construction status and bottleneck of industry support of beautiful countryside in Chengde.Tourism Overview,2017,(2):187.]
[42]Long F,Liu J,Zhang S,et al.Development characteristics and evolution mechanism of homestay agglomeration in Mogan Mountain,China.Sustainability,2018,10(9):2964.
[43]龙飞.民宿集聚发展的特征及动力机制分析.中国旅游报,2018-02-06(03).[Long Fei.Analysis on the characteristics and dynamic mechanism of the development of homestay.China Tourism News,2018-02-06(03).]
[2]Clarke J.Farm accommodation and the communication mix.Tourism Management,1996,17(8):611-616.
[3]Timothy D J,Teye V B.Tourism and the Lodging Sector.Oxford,New York:Routledge,2009.
[4]郑皓文.民宿旅客新奇追求市场区隔之研究.台北:台湾师范大学博士学位论文,2012.[Zheng Haowen.Noveltyseeking Segmentation of B&B Tourists.Taipei:Doctoral Dissertation of Taiwan Normal University,2012.]
[5]章艺,吴健芬.LB/T 065-2017《旅游民宿基本要求与评价》.标准生活,2017,(9):40-43.[Zhang Yi,Wu Jianfen.LB/T065-2017 Basic Requirements and Evaluation for Homestay Inn.Standard Living,2017(9):40-43.]
[6]Dallen J Timothy,Victor B Teye.Tourism and the Lodging Sector.New York:Oxford,2009
[7]Chen H T,Chen K S,Hsipeng T,et al.Usage behavior causal model construction for B&B-owned websites-from the B&B owner/operator perspective.Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality&Tourism,2014,15(4):399-424.
[8]Miyoung Jeong PhD.An exploratory study of perceived importance of web site characteristics:The case of the bed and breakfast industry.Journal of Hospitality&Leisure Marketing,2004,11(4):29-44.
[9]Hudson S,Gilbert D.The internet and small hospitality businesses:B&B marketing in Canada.Journal of Hospitality&Leisure Marketing,2006,14(1):99-116.
[10]Xia B,Dong S,Ba D,et al.Research on the spatial differentiation and driving factors of tourism enterprises'efficiency:Chinese scenic spots,travel agencies,and hotels.Sustainability,2018,10(4):901.
[11]Scarinci J,Richins H.Specialist lodging in the USA:Motivations of bed and breakfast accommodation guests.Tourism,2008,56:271-282.
[12]Gunasekaran N,Anandkumar V.Factors of influence in choosing alternative accommodation:A study with reference to pondicherry,a coastal heritage town.Procedia-social and Behavioral Sciences,2012,62:1127-1132.
[13]Dawson C P,Brown T L.B&Bs:A matter of choice.Cornell Hotel&Restaurant Administration Quarterly,1988,29(1):17-21.
[14]So Yon Lee,Johnny Sue Reynolds,Lisa R.Kennon.Bed and breakfast industries.Journal of Travel&Tourism Marketing,2003,14(1):37-53.
[15]Kunjuraman V,Hussin R.Challenges of community-based homestay programme in Sabah,Malaysia:Hopeful or hopeless?.Tourism Management Perspectives,2017,21:1-9.
[16]Asbullah A S,Irhamsyah M S,Nugraha M.Eco-homestay:Development concept on rural tourism-based conservation model:Study case of Sidomulyo village,Silo district,Jember regency.Journal of Indonesian Tourism&Development Studies,2013,1(9):123-127
[17]Yu Y,Han Q,Tang W,et al.Exploration of the industrial spatial linkages in urban agglomerations:A case of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,China.Sustainability,2018,10(5):1469.
[18]Huang L.Bed and breakfast industry adopting e-commerce strategies in e-service.Service Industries Journal,2008,28(5):633-648.
[19]Filler E J.Strategic Alliance Between a Bed&Breakfast Inn and a Restaurateur:Impact on Net Income of the Bed&Breakfast Inn.Denton:Master Dissertation of University of North Texas,2000.
[20]李沛沛,单文君.基于内容分析法的杭州西湖景区周边民宿质量现状及提升策略研究.现代商业,2017,(18):28-30.[Li Peipei,Shan Wenjun.The current situation of Hangzhou West Lake surrounding area the hostel quality based on content analysis and promotion strategy research.Modern Business,2017,(18):28-30.]
[21]张延,代慧茹.民宿分类研究.江苏商论,2016,(10):8-11,21.[ZhangYan,Dai Huiru.Folk classification of accommodation.Jiangsu Commercial Forum,2016,(10):8-11,21.]
[22]李德梅,邱枫,董朝阳.民宿资源评价体系实证研究.世界科技研究与发展,2015,(4):404-409.[Li Demei,Qiu Feng,Dong Chaoyang.Empirical study on evaluation system of bed and breakfast resources.World Sci-tech R&D,2015,(4):404-409.]
[23]胡平东.基于旅游景区的民宿客栈发展模式探索.经营管理者,2016,(33):129.[Hu Pingdong.To explore development model based on the tourism spot's inn and homstay.Manager'Journal,2016,(33):129.]
[24]马桂玲,马锦义.基于游客再宿意愿的旅游民宿开发经营策略研究.乐山师范学院学报,2016,(10):55-62.[Ma Guilin,Ma Jinyi.A study of strategies of developing and managing home-stay hotel based on tourists'revisit intention.Journal of Leshan Normal University,2016,(10):55-62.]
[25]曾磊,段艳丽,汪永萍.台湾民宿产业对大陆乡村旅游发展的启示.河北农业大学学报:农林教育版,2009,(4):507-510,513.[Zeng Lei,Duan Yanli,Wang Yongping.Taiwan B&B hotel industry and its inspiration to mainland rural tourism.Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei:Agriculture and Forestry Education Edition,2009,(4):507-510,513.]
[26]黄杰龙,张玲玲,范梦丹,等.基于游客行为意图的民宿景观的组合评价与开发设计.福建农林大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2015,(4):76-81.[Huang Jielong,Zhang LIingling,Fan Mengdan,et al.Combined evaluation and development design of minshuku landscape based on tourists behavioral intent.Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Philosophy and Social Sciences,2015,(4):76-81.]
[27]丁源.浅谈台湾民宿设计风格及特点.新西部:理论版,2015,(18):43,52.[Ding Yuan.Taiwan B&B design style and characteristics.New West,2015,(18):43,52.]
[28]钱敏.基于本土化与人情化理念的民宿设计:以舟山市海岛民宿为例.旅游纵览月刊,2016,(5):98.[Qian Min.Homestay design based on humanized concept and localization:Taking island homestay in Zhoushan city as an example.Tourism Overview,2016,(5):98.]
[29]王英子.湖南中部山区乡村庄园化民宿设计探析:以双公山居为例.农村经济与科技,2017,(3):90-91.[Wang Yingzi.The homestay design of the central mountainous areas of Hunan:Taking Shuanggong shanju as an example.Rural Economy and Science-Technology,2017,(3):90-91.]
[30]胡敏.乡村民宿经营管理核心资源分析.旅游学刊,2007,(9):64-69.[Hu min.An analysis of the core resources in the management of rural lodgings.Tourism Tribune,2007,(9):64-69.]
[31]顾翘楚.台湾民宿的优势分析及借鉴.商,2016,(4):80,33.[Gu Qiaochu.The analysis and reference of the advantages of Taiwan B&B.Business,2016,(4):80,33.]
[32]赵凌玲.民间资本运营与乡村旅游住宿业发展.经营与管理,2015,(10):25-28.[Zhao Linling.The operation of private capital and the development of rural tourism accommodation.Management and Administration,2015,(10):25-28.]
[33]皮常玲,郑向敏.基于在线评论的民宿顾客抱怨研究:以厦门鼓浪屿民宿为例.旅游论坛,2017,(3):35-44.[Pi Changling,Zheng Xiangmin.Customers'complaints about bed and breadfast based on online reviews analysis:A case study of Xiamen Gulangyu's bed and breakfast.Tourism Forum,2017,(3):35-44.]
[34]李燕琴,于文浩,柏雨帆.基于Airbnb网站评价信息的京台民宿对比研究.管理学报,2017,(1):122-128,138.[Li Yanqin,Yu Wenhao,Bo Yufan.Comparative research on B&B of Beijing and taipei based on ratings on the airbnb website.Chinese Journal of Management,2017,(1):122-128,138.]
[35]阮雯.民宿业发展新态势与政府行为分析:基于杭州民宿的调查研究.山东行政学院学报,2016,(1):77-81.[Ruan Wen.Analysis of the new situation and government behavior of homestay industry:Based on a survey Hangzhou homestay.Journal of Shandong Academy of Governance,2016,(1):77-81.]
[36]戴丽霞.海南乡村旅游民宿发展的法律监管问题研究.农业经济,2016,(6):46-48.[Dai Lixia.Study on legal supervision of Hainan rural tourism homestay development.Agricultural Economy,2016,(6):46-48.]
[37]王润,刘家明.旅游产业集群研究综述.地理科学进展,2012,31(10):1407-1412.[Wang Run,Liu Jiaming.A review of tourism cluster research.Progress in Geography,2012,31(10):1407-1412.]
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