西南山区旅游生态承载力研究
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摘要
生态脆弱区旅游生态承载力评估,能够为区域旅游可持续发展提供科学依据。构建区域旅游生态承载力评估指标体系,将GIS技术与模糊综合评估方法相结合,进行西南山区旅游生态承载力研究。结果表明,研究区旅游生态承载能力总体较好,属于中等承载力的区域分布最为广泛,面积比例达35.8%;低承载力主要分布在四川平原和盆地丘陵区,另外在云南和贵州低山丘陵区零星分布,高和较高承载力主要分布在川西北高原和广西西北部山地两大片区;研究区生态弹性力、资源环境支撑能力和旅游活动压力具有空间差异特征,水域面积比例、植被覆盖指数、生物丰度指数、人均旅游生态足迹、游客污染物排放量、人均生态用地面积和水环境污染指数等是影响旅游生态承载力的主要因素。
The eco-tourism capacity assessment in ecologically fragile areas,it provides a scientific guide for the sustainable development of regional tourism.The ecological capacity of tourism in southwest mountain areas was researched.The ecological capacity evaluation system of regional tourism was constructed by combining the GIS technology with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.The results indicated that the overall ecological capacity of the area studied in this paper was reasonably well,the most distributed region belongs to the range of moderate ecological capacity,the ratio of which is 35.8%.The low bearing capacity is mainly distributed in Sichuan plains and hilly areas,some others scattered in Yunnan and Guizhou hilly areas.By contrast,the relatively high ecological capacity region mainly locates in the northwest plateau of Sichuan and two mountainous areas in the northwestern of Guangxi.As a conclusion,the ecological resilience,the resources and environment supports and the pressure from tourism activities in the research area exhibit spatial differences.Many factors,for instance the proportion of water area,vegetation coverage index,biological abundance index,ecological footprint of tourism per capita,tourists pollutant emissions,ecological land per capita and water pollution index,should be taken into account during the evaluation of the ecological capacity of tourism in the studied area.
The eco-tourism capacity assessment in ecologically fragile areas,it provides a scientific guide for the sustainable development of regional tourism.The ecological capacity of tourism in southwest mountain areas was researched.The ecological capacity evaluation system of regional tourism was constructed by combining the GIS technology with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.The results indicated that the overall ecological capacity of the area studied in this paper was reasonably well,the most distributed region belongs to the range of moderate ecological capacity,the ratio of which is 35.8%.The low bearing capacity is mainly distributed in Sichuan plains and hilly areas,some others scattered in Yunnan and Guizhou hilly areas.By contrast,the relatively high ecological capacity region mainly locates in the northwest plateau of Sichuan and two mountainous areas in the northwestern of Guangxi.As a conclusion,the ecological resilience,the resources and environment supports and the pressure from tourism activities in the research area exhibit spatial differences.Many factors,for instance the proportion of water area,vegetation coverage index,biological abundance index,ecological footprint of tourism per capita,tourists pollutant emissions,ecological land per capita and water pollution index,should be taken into account during the evaluation of the ecological capacity of tourism in the studied area.
引文
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[20]刘斌涛,陶和平,宋春风,等.我国西南山区降雨侵蚀力时空变化趋势研究[J].地球科学进展,2012(5):499-509.
[21]金悦,陆兆华,檀菲菲,等.典型资源型城市生态承载力评价——以唐山市为例[J].生态学报,2015(14):4852-4859.
[22]杨俊,李雪铭,李永化,等.基于DPSIRM模型的社区人居环境安全空间分异——以大连市为例[J].地理研究,2012(1):135-143.
[23]杨雪,谈明洪.北京市耕地功能空间差异及其演变[J].地理研究,2014(6):1106-1118.
[24]高长波,陈新庚,韦朝海,等.广东省生态安全状态及趋势定量评价[J].生态学报,2006(7):2191-2197.
[25]张淑荣,陈利顶,傅伯杰.于桥水库流域农业非点源磷污染控制区划研究[J].地理科学,2004(2):232-237.
[26]耿润哲,王晓燕,庞树江,等.潮河流域非点源污染控制关键因子识别及分区[J].中国环境科学,2016(4):1258-1267.
[27]蒋依依,张敏.基于PSR模型的旅游地生态持续性空间差异评价——以云南省玉龙纳西族自治县为例[J].资源科学,2013(2):332-340.
[2]高吉喜.可持续发展理论探讨——生态承载力理论、方法与应用[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2001.
[3]熊鹰.生态旅游承载力研究进展及其展望[J].经济地理,2013(5):174-181.
[4]周秋文,方海川,苏维词.基于GIS和神经网络的川西高原生态旅游适宜度评价[J].资源科学,2010(12):2384-2390.
[5]董巍,刘昕,孙铭,等.生态旅游承载力评价与功能分区研究——以金华市为例[J].复旦学报(自然科学版),2004(6):1024-1029.
[6]Castellani V,Sala S.Ecological footprint and life cycle assessment in the sustainability assessment of tourism activities[J].Ecological Indicators,2012,16(5):135-147.
[7]熊鹰,杨雪白.城市山岳型旅游地旅游资源空间承载力分析——以岳麓山风景区为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014(3):301-304.
[8]李健,钟永德,王祖良,等.国内生态旅游环境承载力研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2006(9):1141-1146.
[9]崔凤军,刘家明.旅游环境承载力理论及其实践意义[J].地理科学进展,1998(1):86-91.
[10]Li H Q,Hou L C.Evaluation on sustainable development of scenic zone based on tourism ecological footprint:Case study of Yellow Crane Tower in Hubei Province,China[J].Energy Procedia,2011,5:145-151.
[11]郑晓兴,孙铭,陈鹰,等.基于GIS和人工神经网络模型的区域生态旅游适宜度评价——以浙江省为例[J].生态学杂志,2006(11):1435-1441.
[12]Malik M I,Bhat M S.Sustainability of tourism development in Kashmir-Is paradise lost?[J].Tourism Management Perspectives,2015,16(10):11-21.
[13]蒋贵彦,卓玛措.青海南部高原藏区生态旅游环境承载力研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014(4):202-208.
[14]刘佳,于水仙,王佳.滨海旅游环境承载力评价与量化测度研究——以山东半岛蓝色经济区为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012(9):163-170.
[15]陈国阶.2003中国山区发展报告[M].北京:商务印书馆,2004:15.
[16]李浩淼.西南山区生态农业发展模式研究[J].农业经济,2013(9):89-91.
[17]陈宁生,周海波,卢阳,等.西南山区泥石流防治工程效益浅析[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2013(1):50-58.
[18]张继飞,邓伟,刘邵权.中国西南山区资源环境安全态势评价[J].地理研究,2011(12):2305-2315.
[19]梁育填,樊杰,孙威,等.西南山区农村生活能源消费结构的影响因素分析——以云南省昭通市为例[J].地理学报,2012(2):221-229.
[20]刘斌涛,陶和平,宋春风,等.我国西南山区降雨侵蚀力时空变化趋势研究[J].地球科学进展,2012(5):499-509.
[21]金悦,陆兆华,檀菲菲,等.典型资源型城市生态承载力评价——以唐山市为例[J].生态学报,2015(14):4852-4859.
[22]杨俊,李雪铭,李永化,等.基于DPSIRM模型的社区人居环境安全空间分异——以大连市为例[J].地理研究,2012(1):135-143.
[23]杨雪,谈明洪.北京市耕地功能空间差异及其演变[J].地理研究,2014(6):1106-1118.
[24]高长波,陈新庚,韦朝海,等.广东省生态安全状态及趋势定量评价[J].生态学报,2006(7):2191-2197.
[25]张淑荣,陈利顶,傅伯杰.于桥水库流域农业非点源磷污染控制区划研究[J].地理科学,2004(2):232-237.
[26]耿润哲,王晓燕,庞树江,等.潮河流域非点源污染控制关键因子识别及分区[J].中国环境科学,2016(4):1258-1267.
[27]蒋依依,张敏.基于PSR模型的旅游地生态持续性空间差异评价——以云南省玉龙纳西族自治县为例[J].资源科学,2013(2):332-340.