共接收面元三维折射旅行时反演方法
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摘要
本文提出一种基于共接收面元的三维折射旅行时反演方法。将工区划分成若干个接收面元,并设每个接收面元内高速层速度不变。先根据折射时距曲线瞬时斜率计算各个接收面元的高速层速度。对于一个接收面元,把各炮点与该接收面元有关的炮检距和折射旅行时数据按方位角划分成共方位角道集,分别将各共方位角道集数据转换成相对于均值的相对坐标数据,再对该接收面元的所有相对坐标数据进行直线拟合,将拟合直线斜率的倒数作为该接收面元内的高速层速度。求出各个接收面元的折射速度后,根据折射旅行时方程得到各对炮点和接收点的延迟时间之和,构成所有炮点和接收点延迟时间满足的线性方程组,在平滑约束下用最小平方QR分解(LSQR)算法解该方程,获得各炮点和接收点的延迟时间。用该方法对新疆A区山前带的三维地震资料进行长波长静校正处理,取得了良好的应用效果。
In this paper,an approach to 3D refraction traveltime inversion is proposed.First,work area is divided into common-receiver-bins(CRBs),and velocity of high-velocity layer for all bins is assumed to be constant.Velocity of the high-velocity layer for every CRB is calculated on instantaneous slopes of refraction time-distance curves.Then common azimuth gathers(CAG)are extracted from refraction data for a CRB based on traveltimes and offsets,and they are transformed into coordinate data based on their arithmetic mean values.After that,coordinate data in a CRB are fitted by least-square straight line and instantaneous slope of refraction time-distance curves is obtained.The reciprocal of this instantaneous slope is taken as velocity of high-velocity layer.After velocity for all CRBs is estimated,delay times for all source-receiver pairs can be calculated from refraction traveltime equations,which form a large linear equation.Finally delay times for each source and receiver are estimated by solving the equation set with smoothness constraint LSQR algorithm.Field data applications show that the proposed approach calculates accurately long-wavelength static corrections for 3D seismic data from a foothill belt in Xinjiang,West China.
In this paper,an approach to 3D refraction traveltime inversion is proposed.First,work area is divided into common-receiver-bins(CRBs),and velocity of high-velocity layer for all bins is assumed to be constant.Velocity of the high-velocity layer for every CRB is calculated on instantaneous slopes of refraction time-distance curves.Then common azimuth gathers(CAG)are extracted from refraction data for a CRB based on traveltimes and offsets,and they are transformed into coordinate data based on their arithmetic mean values.After that,coordinate data in a CRB are fitted by least-square straight line and instantaneous slope of refraction time-distance curves is obtained.The reciprocal of this instantaneous slope is taken as velocity of high-velocity layer.After velocity for all CRBs is estimated,delay times for all source-receiver pairs can be calculated from refraction traveltime equations,which form a large linear equation.Finally delay times for each source and receiver are estimated by solving the equation set with smoothness constraint LSQR algorithm.Field data applications show that the proposed approach calculates accurately long-wavelength static corrections for 3D seismic data from a foothill belt in Xinjiang,West China.
引文
[1]夏竹,张少华,王学军.中国西部复杂地区近地表特征与表层结构探讨.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):414-424.Xia Zhu,Zhang Shaohua,Wang Xuejun.Discussion on near-surface characters and structures in complex area of western China.OGP,2003,38(4):414-424.
[2]杨海申,蒋先艺,高彦林等.复杂区三维折射静校正技术与应用效果.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):219-225.Yang Haishen,Jiang Xianyi,Gao Yanlin et al.3Drefraction static corrections in complex regions and its applied effects.OGP,2005,40(2):219-225.
[3]李卫忠,Al-Maghlouth S A,Hashem A等.基于模型的复杂地表区静校正方法.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(6):797-801.Li Weizhong,Al-Maghlouth S A,Hashem A et al.Model-based static correction method in complicated terrain areas.OGP,2010,45(6):797-801.
[4]Thornburgh H R.Wave-front diagrams in seismic interpretation.AAPG Bulletin,1930,14(2):185-200.
[5]Barthelmes A J.Application of continuous profiling to refraction shooting.Geophysics,1946,11(1):24-42.
[6]Adachi R.On a proof of fundamental formula concerning refraction method of geophysical prospecting and some remarks.Kurruzrnoto Journal of Science,1954,2(1):18-23.
[7]Hagedoorn J G.The plus-minus method of interpreting seismic refraction sections.Geophysical Prospecting,1959,7(2):158-182.
[8]Van Overmeeren R A.Hagedoorn’s plus-minus method:the beauty of simplicity.Geophysical Prospecting,2001,49(6):687-696.
[9]Hawkins L V.The reciprocal method of routine shallow seismic refraction investigations.Geophysics,1961,26(6):806-819.
[10]Palmer D.The Generalized Reciprocal Method of Seismic Refraction Interpretation.SEG,Tulsa,1980.
[11]Palmer D.An introduction to the generalized reciprocal method of seismic refraction interpretation.Geophysics,1981,46(11):1508-1518.
[12]Palmer D.Refraction Seismics:the Lateral Resolution of Structure and Seismic Velocity.Geophysical Press,1986,1-269.
[13]Palmer D.Can linear inversion achieve detailed refraction statics?Exploration Geophysics,1995,26(3):506-511.
[14]张建中,戴云,徐峰.共中心点域折射静校正方法.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(3):297-300,318.Zhang Jianzhong,Dai Yun,Xu Feng.A new method for refraction statics in CMP domain.OGP,2001,36(3):297-300,318.
[15]张建中,徐峰,戴云.共中心点域浅层折射波解释方法及应用实例.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(4):459-465.Zhang Jianzhong,Xu Feng,Dai Yun.Shallow refraction seismic interpretation method in CMP domain and its application case.OGP,2001,36(4):459-465.
[16]张建中,王克斌.一种三维折射初至静校正新方法.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):608-610.Zhang Jianzhong,Wang Kebin.A new method of 3-D refracted first-break static correction.OGP,2003,38(6):608-610.
[17]Hampson D,Russell B.First-break interpretation using generalized linear inversion.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1984,3:532-534.
[18]Taner M T,Wagner D E,Baysal E et al.A unified method for 2-D and 3-D refraction statics.Geophysics,1998,63(1):260-274.
[19]Lanz E,Maurer H,Green A G.Refraction tomography over a buried waste disposal site.Geophysics,1998,63(4):1414-1433.
[20]Zhang J,Toksoz M N.Nonlinear refraction traveltime tomography.Geophysics,1998,63(5):1726-1737.
[21]Zhang J,Shi T,Zhao Y et al.Static corrections in mountainous areas using Fresnel-wavepath tomography.Journal of Applied Geophysics,2014,111:242-249.
[22]张建中.复杂介质初至波层析成像.厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2004,43(1):330-332.Zhang Jianzhong.First break tomography for nearsurface layers in seismic exploration.Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science Edition),2004,43(1):330-332.
[23]Zhang J,Huang Y,Song L P et al.Fast and accurate3-D ray tracing using bilinear traveltime interpolation and the wave front group marching.Geophysical Journal International,2011,184(3):1327-1340.
[24]孙明,夏斌,林君等.广义线性反演初至折射静校技术在金属矿区的应用.地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):545-551.Sun Ming,Xia Bin,Lin Jun et al.Technique of GLI first-break refraction statics corrections and its application in metal deposit.Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(2):545-551.
[25]范华,徐广民,贺涌等.三维初至折射波静校正算法分析.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5):475-481Fan Hua,Xu Guangmin,He Yong et al.Algorithmic analysis of 3-D first break refraction static corrections.OGP,2003,38(5):475-481.
[2]杨海申,蒋先艺,高彦林等.复杂区三维折射静校正技术与应用效果.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):219-225.Yang Haishen,Jiang Xianyi,Gao Yanlin et al.3Drefraction static corrections in complex regions and its applied effects.OGP,2005,40(2):219-225.
[3]李卫忠,Al-Maghlouth S A,Hashem A等.基于模型的复杂地表区静校正方法.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(6):797-801.Li Weizhong,Al-Maghlouth S A,Hashem A et al.Model-based static correction method in complicated terrain areas.OGP,2010,45(6):797-801.
[4]Thornburgh H R.Wave-front diagrams in seismic interpretation.AAPG Bulletin,1930,14(2):185-200.
[5]Barthelmes A J.Application of continuous profiling to refraction shooting.Geophysics,1946,11(1):24-42.
[6]Adachi R.On a proof of fundamental formula concerning refraction method of geophysical prospecting and some remarks.Kurruzrnoto Journal of Science,1954,2(1):18-23.
[7]Hagedoorn J G.The plus-minus method of interpreting seismic refraction sections.Geophysical Prospecting,1959,7(2):158-182.
[8]Van Overmeeren R A.Hagedoorn’s plus-minus method:the beauty of simplicity.Geophysical Prospecting,2001,49(6):687-696.
[9]Hawkins L V.The reciprocal method of routine shallow seismic refraction investigations.Geophysics,1961,26(6):806-819.
[10]Palmer D.The Generalized Reciprocal Method of Seismic Refraction Interpretation.SEG,Tulsa,1980.
[11]Palmer D.An introduction to the generalized reciprocal method of seismic refraction interpretation.Geophysics,1981,46(11):1508-1518.
[12]Palmer D.Refraction Seismics:the Lateral Resolution of Structure and Seismic Velocity.Geophysical Press,1986,1-269.
[13]Palmer D.Can linear inversion achieve detailed refraction statics?Exploration Geophysics,1995,26(3):506-511.
[14]张建中,戴云,徐峰.共中心点域折射静校正方法.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(3):297-300,318.Zhang Jianzhong,Dai Yun,Xu Feng.A new method for refraction statics in CMP domain.OGP,2001,36(3):297-300,318.
[15]张建中,徐峰,戴云.共中心点域浅层折射波解释方法及应用实例.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(4):459-465.Zhang Jianzhong,Xu Feng,Dai Yun.Shallow refraction seismic interpretation method in CMP domain and its application case.OGP,2001,36(4):459-465.
[16]张建中,王克斌.一种三维折射初至静校正新方法.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):608-610.Zhang Jianzhong,Wang Kebin.A new method of 3-D refracted first-break static correction.OGP,2003,38(6):608-610.
[17]Hampson D,Russell B.First-break interpretation using generalized linear inversion.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1984,3:532-534.
[18]Taner M T,Wagner D E,Baysal E et al.A unified method for 2-D and 3-D refraction statics.Geophysics,1998,63(1):260-274.
[19]Lanz E,Maurer H,Green A G.Refraction tomography over a buried waste disposal site.Geophysics,1998,63(4):1414-1433.
[20]Zhang J,Toksoz M N.Nonlinear refraction traveltime tomography.Geophysics,1998,63(5):1726-1737.
[21]Zhang J,Shi T,Zhao Y et al.Static corrections in mountainous areas using Fresnel-wavepath tomography.Journal of Applied Geophysics,2014,111:242-249.
[22]张建中.复杂介质初至波层析成像.厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2004,43(1):330-332.Zhang Jianzhong.First break tomography for nearsurface layers in seismic exploration.Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science Edition),2004,43(1):330-332.
[23]Zhang J,Huang Y,Song L P et al.Fast and accurate3-D ray tracing using bilinear traveltime interpolation and the wave front group marching.Geophysical Journal International,2011,184(3):1327-1340.
[24]孙明,夏斌,林君等.广义线性反演初至折射静校技术在金属矿区的应用.地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):545-551.Sun Ming,Xia Bin,Lin Jun et al.Technique of GLI first-break refraction statics corrections and its application in metal deposit.Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(2):545-551.
[25]范华,徐广民,贺涌等.三维初至折射波静校正算法分析.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5):475-481Fan Hua,Xu Guangmin,He Yong et al.Algorithmic analysis of 3-D first break refraction static corrections.OGP,2003,38(5):475-481.