入口段长度变化对于非预混火焰声场响应的影响及其被动控制
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摘要
非预混燃烧虽然在工业上应用广泛,但对其燃烧不稳定特性研究相对较少。实验研究了入口段长度变化对非预混旋流火焰在声场激励下响应的影响。实验中燃烧室入口进气段长度分别为0.245、0.345和0.445m。对于入口进气段长度为0.245和0.345m的情况,火焰的最大响应值出现在144Hz附近,为燃料管对于声场激励的响应所致;对于入口进气段长度为0.445m的情况,火焰的最大响应出现在134Hz,为燃料管和燃烧室响应的混合模式,此时,火焰的最大响应出现在入口进气段压力波动最大处。接着通过理论和有限元模拟计算了多孔吸声板的吸声特性。比较后发现,利用多孔吸声板控制入口段长度0.445m时的火焰响应效果优良。
Non-premixed flame is widely used in the industry, while its combustion instability is less focused. This paper experimentally studied the inlet length variation effect on non-premixed flame response under acoustic excitation. The inlet lengths of burner were set as 0.245, 0.345 and 0.445 m. In the case of 0.245 m and 0.345 m inlet length, the maximum flame response frequency appeared at 144 Hz, which related to fuel pipe acoustic mode by acoustic mode analysis. In the case of 0.445 m inlet length, the maximum flame response frequency was 134 Hz, which related a mixed mode of fuel pipe and combustor. In this case, the maximum flame response reached the maximum inlet pressure oscillation. The acoustic modes of combustor and sound absorptive performance of the perforated plate was simulated by finite element method. The parameters of the damper were designed by Rayleigh conductivity based model. After perforated plate installed at 0.445 m inlet length case, the flame response under acoustic forcing was damped.
Non-premixed flame is widely used in the industry, while its combustion instability is less focused. This paper experimentally studied the inlet length variation effect on non-premixed flame response under acoustic excitation. The inlet lengths of burner were set as 0.245, 0.345 and 0.445 m. In the case of 0.245 m and 0.345 m inlet length, the maximum flame response frequency appeared at 144 Hz, which related to fuel pipe acoustic mode by acoustic mode analysis. In the case of 0.445 m inlet length, the maximum flame response frequency was 134 Hz, which related a mixed mode of fuel pipe and combustor. In this case, the maximum flame response reached the maximum inlet pressure oscillation. The acoustic modes of combustor and sound absorptive performance of the perforated plate was simulated by finite element method. The parameters of the damper were designed by Rayleigh conductivity based model. After perforated plate installed at 0.445 m inlet length case, the flame response under acoustic forcing was damped.
引文
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[2]Poinsot T.Prediction and control of combustion instabilities in real engines[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2017,36(1):1-28.
[3]Komarek T,Polifke W.Impact of swirl fluctuations on the flame response of a perfectly premixed swirl burner[J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,2010,132(6):061503.
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[8]Li L K B,Juniper M P.Lock-in and quasiperiodicity in hydrodynamically self-excited flames:Experiments and modelling[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2013,34(1):947-954.
[9]Magina N,Steele W,Emerson B,et al.Spatio-temporal evolution of harmonic disturbances on laminar,non-premixed flames:measurements and analysis[J].Combustion and Flame,2017,180:262-275.
[10]Juniper M P,Li L K B,Nichols J W.Forcing of self-excited round jet diffusion flames[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2009,32(1):1191-1198.
[11]Idahosa U,Saha A,Xu C Y,et al.Non-premixed acoustically perturbed swirling flame dynamics[J].Combustion and Flame,2010,157(9):1800-1814.
[12]邓凯,李华,杨臧健,等.基于红外和纹影技术研究声作用下火焰锋面运动及热量演化[J].实验流体力学,2016,30(6):26-31.Deng Kai,Li Hua,Yang Zangjian,et al.Investigation of heat transfer and flame dynamics under acoustic excitation based on infrared and shadow method[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2016,30(6):26-31(in Chinese).
[13]Taamallah S,Labry Z A,Shanbhogue S J,et al.Thermo-acoustic instabilities in lean premixed swirl-stabilized combustion and their link to acoustically coupled and decoupled flame macrostructures[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2015,35(3):3273-3282.
[14]Mirat C,Durox D,Schuller T.Stability analysis of a swirl spray combustor based on flame describing function[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2015,35(3):3291-3298.
[15]Durox D,Moeck J P,Bourgouin J F,et al.Flame dynamics of a variable swirl number system and instability control[J].Combustion and Flame,2013,160(9):1729-1742.
[16]Lieuwen T C,Yang V.Combustion instabilities in gas turbine engines:operational experience,fundamental mechanisms,and modeling[M].Reston,VA:AIAA,2005.
[17]L?rstad D,Pettersson J,Lindholm A.Emission reduction and cooling improvements due to the introduction of passive acoustic damping in an existing SGT-800combustor[C]//ASME Turbo Expo 2009:Power for Land,Sea,and Air.Orlando,Florida:ASME,2009:1355-1362.
[18]Jing X D,Sun X F.Effect of plate thickness on impedance of perforated plates with bias flow[J].AIAA Journal,2000,38(9):1573-1578.
[19]Moers E M T,Tonon D,Hirschberg A.Strouhal number dependency of the aero-acoustic response of wall perforations under combined grazing-bias flow[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2017,389:292-308.
[20]Scarpato A,Ducruix S,Schuller T.A comparison of the damping properties of perforated plates backed by a cavity operating at low and high Strouhal numbers[J].Comptes Rendus Mécanique,2013,341(1-2):161-170.
[21]Kypraiou A M,Worth N A,Mastorakos E.Experimental investigation of the response of premixed and non-premixed turbulent flames to acoustic forcing[C]//54th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting.San Diego,California:AIAA,2016.
[22]Nicoud F,Benoit L,Sensiau C,et al.Acoustic modes in combustors with complex impedances and multidimensional active flames[J].AIAA Journal,2007,45(2):426-441.
[23]Schultz T,Liu F,Cattafesta L,et al.Comparison study of normal-incident acoustic impedance measurements of a perforate liner[C]//15th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference.Miami,Florida:AIAA,2009.
[24]Luong T,Howe M S,Mc Gowan R S.On the rayleigh conductivity of a bias-flow aperture[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures,2005,21(8):769-778.
[2]Poinsot T.Prediction and control of combustion instabilities in real engines[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2017,36(1):1-28.
[3]Komarek T,Polifke W.Impact of swirl fluctuations on the flame response of a perfectly premixed swirl burner[J].Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power,2010,132(6):061503.
[4]Shanbhogue S J,Sanusi Y S,Taamallah S,et al.Flame macrostructures,combustion instability and extinction strain scaling in swirl-stabilized premixed CH4/H2combustion[J].Combustion and Flame,2016,163:494-507.
[5]周昊,王恒栋,黄燕,等.横向射流对Rijke型燃烧器热声不稳定控制效果的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(12):3075-3080.Zhou Hao,Wang Hengdong,Huang Yan,et al.Investigation of the control effects of the transverse jet on the thermoacoustic instability in the Rijke combustor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(12):3075-3080(in Chinese).
[6]钟迪,朱民,李启明,等.燃气轮机燃烧室内热声反问题求解方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(1):295-203.Zhong Di,Zhu Min,Li Qiming,et al.Study of solving method on the inverse thermo-acoustic problem in the combustion chamber of gas turbine[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(1):295-203(in Chinese).
[7]李国能,周昊,李时宇,等.化学当量比对旋流燃烧器热声不稳定特性的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(8):18-23.Li Guoneng,Zhou Hao,Li Shiyu,et al.Influence of equivalence ratio on characteristics of thermoacoustic instability in a swirl combustor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(8):18-23(in Chinese).
[8]Li L K B,Juniper M P.Lock-in and quasiperiodicity in hydrodynamically self-excited flames:Experiments and modelling[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2013,34(1):947-954.
[9]Magina N,Steele W,Emerson B,et al.Spatio-temporal evolution of harmonic disturbances on laminar,non-premixed flames:measurements and analysis[J].Combustion and Flame,2017,180:262-275.
[10]Juniper M P,Li L K B,Nichols J W.Forcing of self-excited round jet diffusion flames[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2009,32(1):1191-1198.
[11]Idahosa U,Saha A,Xu C Y,et al.Non-premixed acoustically perturbed swirling flame dynamics[J].Combustion and Flame,2010,157(9):1800-1814.
[12]邓凯,李华,杨臧健,等.基于红外和纹影技术研究声作用下火焰锋面运动及热量演化[J].实验流体力学,2016,30(6):26-31.Deng Kai,Li Hua,Yang Zangjian,et al.Investigation of heat transfer and flame dynamics under acoustic excitation based on infrared and shadow method[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2016,30(6):26-31(in Chinese).
[13]Taamallah S,Labry Z A,Shanbhogue S J,et al.Thermo-acoustic instabilities in lean premixed swirl-stabilized combustion and their link to acoustically coupled and decoupled flame macrostructures[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2015,35(3):3273-3282.
[14]Mirat C,Durox D,Schuller T.Stability analysis of a swirl spray combustor based on flame describing function[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2015,35(3):3291-3298.
[15]Durox D,Moeck J P,Bourgouin J F,et al.Flame dynamics of a variable swirl number system and instability control[J].Combustion and Flame,2013,160(9):1729-1742.
[16]Lieuwen T C,Yang V.Combustion instabilities in gas turbine engines:operational experience,fundamental mechanisms,and modeling[M].Reston,VA:AIAA,2005.
[17]L?rstad D,Pettersson J,Lindholm A.Emission reduction and cooling improvements due to the introduction of passive acoustic damping in an existing SGT-800combustor[C]//ASME Turbo Expo 2009:Power for Land,Sea,and Air.Orlando,Florida:ASME,2009:1355-1362.
[18]Jing X D,Sun X F.Effect of plate thickness on impedance of perforated plates with bias flow[J].AIAA Journal,2000,38(9):1573-1578.
[19]Moers E M T,Tonon D,Hirschberg A.Strouhal number dependency of the aero-acoustic response of wall perforations under combined grazing-bias flow[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2017,389:292-308.
[20]Scarpato A,Ducruix S,Schuller T.A comparison of the damping properties of perforated plates backed by a cavity operating at low and high Strouhal numbers[J].Comptes Rendus Mécanique,2013,341(1-2):161-170.
[21]Kypraiou A M,Worth N A,Mastorakos E.Experimental investigation of the response of premixed and non-premixed turbulent flames to acoustic forcing[C]//54th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting.San Diego,California:AIAA,2016.
[22]Nicoud F,Benoit L,Sensiau C,et al.Acoustic modes in combustors with complex impedances and multidimensional active flames[J].AIAA Journal,2007,45(2):426-441.
[23]Schultz T,Liu F,Cattafesta L,et al.Comparison study of normal-incident acoustic impedance measurements of a perforate liner[C]//15th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference.Miami,Florida:AIAA,2009.
[24]Luong T,Howe M S,Mc Gowan R S.On the rayleigh conductivity of a bias-flow aperture[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures,2005,21(8):769-778.