旋流导叶式生物质热解反应器内气固两相涡旋流动特性
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摘要
针对生物质现有热解反应器存在的传热效果差、产物与催化剂不能及时分离导致产率降低等问题,采用计算流体力学方法与脉冲示踪实验测量法对旋流导叶式反应器内的固相体积分数梯度分布、停留时间分布等进行了研究。结果表明气固两相在新型反应器不同区域不同强度涡旋流场内哥氏力、离心力的作用下达到了较好的混合接触和分离效果,为实现反应器内的反应分离一体化过程提供了前提。研究发现,当催化剂粒径为10μm、剂气比为10. 5时,反应器达到最佳混合与分离效果。催化剂颗粒停留时间分布曲线呈平滑的单峰分布,拖尾较小,平均停留时间为1. 055～1. 235 s,催化剂颗粒流动接近平推流。
Based on the shortcomings of existing reactors in ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of biomass vapors,the guide vane type cyclong reactor was designed. The gradient distribution and residence time distribution of solid phase in the reactor were studied by using computational fluid dynamics method and pulse tracer experimental method. The research could provide an important theoretical basis for technology improvement of ex-situ biomass catalytic pyrolysis and further design of the reactor. The simulated model was confirmed to be right by comparing with the results of the experiment. The results showed that the gas-solid two phases had good mixing contact and separation effects under the action of the Coriolis and centrifugal force in the vortex flow field of different intensities,which provided a key precondition for the realization of reaction separation integration process in the reactor. When the catalyst particle diameter was 10 μm and the catalyst to gas ratio was 10. 5,the optimal mixing and separation effect of the reactor was achieved. The residence time distribution curves of catalyst particles showed a smooth single peak distribution with small trailing tail,and the average residence time was 1. 055 ～1. 235 s. The flow pattern of catalyst particles in the reactor was close to the plug flow.
Based on the shortcomings of existing reactors in ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of biomass vapors,the guide vane type cyclong reactor was designed. The gradient distribution and residence time distribution of solid phase in the reactor were studied by using computational fluid dynamics method and pulse tracer experimental method. The research could provide an important theoretical basis for technology improvement of ex-situ biomass catalytic pyrolysis and further design of the reactor. The simulated model was confirmed to be right by comparing with the results of the experiment. The results showed that the gas-solid two phases had good mixing contact and separation effects under the action of the Coriolis and centrifugal force in the vortex flow field of different intensities,which provided a key precondition for the realization of reaction separation integration process in the reactor. When the catalyst particle diameter was 10 μm and the catalyst to gas ratio was 10. 5,the optimal mixing and separation effect of the reactor was achieved. The residence time distribution curves of catalyst particles showed a smooth single peak distribution with small trailing tail,and the average residence time was 1. 055 ～1. 235 s. The flow pattern of catalyst particles in the reactor was close to the plug flow.
引文
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[7]陈冠益,颜蓓蓓,贾佳妮,等.生物质二级固定床催化热解制取富氢燃气[J].太阳能学报,2008,29(3):360-364.CHEN Guanyi,YAN Beibei,JIA Jiani,et al. Production of hydrogen-rich gas through pyrolysis of biomass in a two-stagereactor[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2008,29(3):360-364.(in Chinese)
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[9]王昶,刘康,李桂菊,等.操作条件对生物质催化热解产轻质芳烃的影响[J].生物加工过程,2007,5(4):54-59.WANG Chang,LIU Kang,LI Guiju,et al. Effect of operation conditions on light aromatic hydrocarbon yield of catalyticpyrolysis of biomass[J]. Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering,2007,5(4):54-59.(in Chinese)
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[11] ZHAO Lixing,LU Youjun. Hydrogen production by biomass gasification in a supercritical water fluidized bed reactor:a CFD-DEM study[J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2018,131:26-36.
[12]孟光范,孙来芝,陈雷,等.生物质催化热解技术研究进展[J].山东科学,2016,29(4):50-54.MENG Guangfan,SUN Laizhi,CHEN Lei,et al. Research advances of biomass catalytic pyrolysis[J]. Shandong Science,2016,29(4):50-54.(in Chinese)
[13]朱丽云,赵文斌,仲理科,等.催化裂化用短接触旋流反应器内气固滑移特性[J].化工学报,2016,67(8):3468-3475.ZHU Liyun,ZHAO Wenbin,ZHONG Like,et al. Characteristics of slip velocity between gas and solid in short-contact cycloneFCC reactor[J]. CIESC Journal,2016,67(8):3468-3475.(in Chinese)
[14] ARTURO G Q,PIETER A R,SHEKHAR R K,et al. Design and cold flow testing of a gas-solid vortex reactor demonstrationunit for biomass fast pyrolysis[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,329:198-210.
[15] ARMIN E,STEPHAN S,DAVID M,et al. Liquid-liquid centrifugal separation—new equipment for optical(photographic)evaluation at laboratory scale[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design,2017,127:170-179.
[16]张剑鸣.离心分离设备技术现状与发展趋势[J].过滤与分离,2014,24(2):1-4,25.ZHANG Jianming. Optimization design of multi-pass test holder assembly for filter material[J]. Journal of Filtration&Separation,2014,24(2):1-4,25.(in Chinese)
[17]张玉春,李永军,柏雪源,等.一种导流旋风式生物质热裂解反应器:201620221684. 2[P]. 2017-02-08.
[18]徐立章,于丽娟,李耀明,等.双出风口多风道离心风机内部流场数值模拟[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(10):78-86.XU Lizhang,YU Lijuan,LI Yaoming,et al. Numerical simulation of internal flow field in centrifugal fan with double outletand multi-duct[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(10):78-86. http:∥www.j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20141013&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn.1000-1298. 2014. 10. 013.(in Chinese)
[19] KU Xiaoke,LI Tian,LOVAS T. CFD-DEM simulation of biomass gasification with steam in a fluidized bed reactor[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2015,122:270-283.
[20]李晓俊,袁寿其,潘中永,等.基于结构化网格的离心泵全流场数值模拟[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(7):50-54,49.LI Xiaojun,YUAN Shouqi,PAN Zhongyong,et al. Numerical simulation of whole flow field for centrifugal pump withstructured grid[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(7):50-54,49. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20130710&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2013. 07. 010.(in Chinese)
[21] MCDONOUGH J R,AHMED S M,PHAN A N,et al. A study of the flow structures generated by oscillating flows in a helicalbaffled tube[J]. Chemical Engineering Science,2017,171:160-178.
[22]施卫东,季磊磊,李伟,等.不同流量工况下斜流泵内部流场PIV试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(6):27-33.SHI Weidong,JI Leilei,LI Wei,et al. PIV experiment on internal flow field of mixed-flow pump under different flow conditions[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(6):27-33. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20160604&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298.2016. 06. 004.(in Chinese)
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