矩形平底明渠水跃长度公式的分析与应用
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摘要
【目的】研究矩形平底明渠水跃长度和旋滚长度的分类及其计算方法。【方法】收集了国内外43个水跃长度计算公式,在前人对水跃长度和旋滚长度研究的基础上,按其计算参数(跃后水深、跃前和跃后水深、跃前断面的弗劳德数与跃前或跃后水深以及其他表示方法)对这些公式进行分类,根据模型试验资料提出了计算水跃长度和旋滚长度的新公式。【结果】43个公式中,有12个公式适宜于计算水跃长度,有3个公式适宜于计算旋滚长度,其他大多数公式的计算结果介于水跃长度和旋滚长度之间,有1个公式与试验结果相反;提出的新公式与试验资料吻合较好。【结论】明确了水跃长度与旋滚长度的关系,推荐了4个适应弗劳德数范围大、精度较高的公式。提出了计算水跃长度和旋滚长度的新公式。新公式综合考虑了跃前跃后断面水深和跃前断面弗劳德数的影响,适应的弗劳德数范围大,精度高。
【Objective】Classification and calculation of hydraulic jump length and roller length in rectangular flat open channel were researched.【Method】43domestic and foreign hydraulic jump length formulas were collected.Based on previous researches of water length and roller length,hydraulic jump lengths were classified according to calculating parameters(depth after jump,depths before and after hydraulic jump,Froude number of the cross section before hydraulic jump,depths before and after hydraulic jump,and others).Then new calculation formulas for hydraulic jump length and roller length were proposed.【Result】Among the 43 formulas,12were suitable for length of hydraulic jump,while 3were suitable for rotary roll length.Most of other formulas were between length of hydraulic jump and spin roll length,and one formula was in contrast to measurements.The proposed new formulas were in good agreement with measurements.【Conclusion】The relationship between hydraulic jump length and roller length was clarified,and 4formulas with high accuracy and suitable for large Froude numbers were recommended.New formulas of hydraulic jump length and roller length considering the depths before and after jump and the Froude number before jump were proposed.They were suitable for large Froude numbers and had high accuracy.
【Objective】Classification and calculation of hydraulic jump length and roller length in rectangular flat open channel were researched.【Method】43domestic and foreign hydraulic jump length formulas were collected.Based on previous researches of water length and roller length,hydraulic jump lengths were classified according to calculating parameters(depth after jump,depths before and after hydraulic jump,Froude number of the cross section before hydraulic jump,depths before and after hydraulic jump,and others).Then new calculation formulas for hydraulic jump length and roller length were proposed.【Result】Among the 43 formulas,12were suitable for length of hydraulic jump,while 3were suitable for rotary roll length.Most of other formulas were between length of hydraulic jump and spin roll length,and one formula was in contrast to measurements.The proposed new formulas were in good agreement with measurements.【Conclusion】The relationship between hydraulic jump length and roller length was clarified,and 4formulas with high accuracy and suitable for large Froude numbers were recommended.New formulas of hydraulic jump length and roller length considering the depths before and after jump and the Froude number before jump were proposed.They were suitable for large Froude numbers and had high accuracy.
引文
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[12]李炜.水力计算手册[M].2版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007:107-108.Li W.Handbook of hydraulic calculations[M].2nd edi.Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2007:107-108.(in Chinese)
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[15]倪汉根,刘亚坤.击波,水跃,跌水,消能[M].辽宁大连:大连理工大学出版社,2008:134-139.Ni H G,Liu Y K.Shock wave,hydraulic jump,hydraulic drop and energy dissipation[M].Dalian,Liaoning:Dalian University of Technology Press,2008:134-139.(in Chinese)
[16]刘沛清.矩形明渠水跃段速度分布的理论分析[J].水利学报,1993(9):48-54.Liu P Q.Theoretical analysis on rectangular open channel velocity distribution in hydraulic jump region[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1993(9):48-54.(in Chinese)
[17]Bremen R,Hager W H.T-jump in abruptly expanding channel[J].Jour of Hy Res,1993(1):61-78.
[18]沈波.水跃跃长理论研究[J].重庆交通学院学报,1998,17(3):98-101.Shen B.Theoretical study on hydraulic jump length[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong Institute,1998,17(3):98-101.(in Chinese)
[19]Richard H.Open-channel hydraulics[M].New York:Mcgraw-hill Book Company,1985:89-91.
[20]基谢列夫.水力学计算手册[M].北京:电力工业出版社,1957:321-323.Киселев.Handbook of hydraulic calculations[M].Beijing:Electric Power Industry Press,1957:321-323.(in Chinese)
[21]Hager W H.Impact hydraulic jump[J].Journal of Hydraulic Res,1994,120:633-637.
[2]陈椿庭.平底槽二元水跃长度公式的比较[J].水利水电技术,1964(4):34-38.Chen C T.Comparison of hydraulic jump length dyadic formulas in flat bottom flume[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,1964(4):34-38.(in Chinese)
[3]张长高.平底矩形明槽中完整水跃的长度[J].合肥工业大学学报:自然科学版,1979(1):15-34.Zhang C G.The hydraulic jump length of horizontal bottom and rectangular cross-section[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology:Natural Science Edition,1979(1):15-34.(in Chinese)
[4]Rajaratnam N.The hydraulic jump as a wall jet[J].Journal of the Hydraulic Division,1965,91(5):107-132.
[5]Hager W H,Bremen R,Kawagowshi N.Classical hydraulic jump:Length of roller[J].Journal of Hydraul Res,1990,28(5):591-608.
[6]Hughes W C,Ernest Flack J.Hydraulic jump properties over a rough bed[J].Journal of Hydraulic Eng,1984,110:1755-1771.
[7]Francesco G C,Vito F,Vincenzo P.Hydraulic jumps on rough beds[J].Journal of Hydraulic Eng,2007,133(9):989-999.
[8]郭子中.消能防冲原理与水力设计[M].北京:科学出版社,1982:348-374.Guo Z Z.Principle of energy dissipation and hydraulic design[M].Beijing:Science Press,1982:348-374.(in Chinese)
[9]张迎春.自由临界水跃长度的探讨[J].中国农村水利水电,1997(10):38-41.Zhang Y C.Study on the length of free and critical hydraulic jump[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,1997(10):38-41.(in Chinese)
[10]吴持恭.水力学(上册)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008:284.Wu C G.Hydraulics(One volumes)[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2008:284.(in Chinese)
[11]阿格罗斯金.水力学(下册)[M].清华大学水力学教研组,天津大学水力学教研室,译.上海:商务印书馆,1954:537-539.Αгроскин.Hydraulics(Two volumes)[M].Hydraulics Department of Tsinghua University,Hydraulics of Tianjin University translated.Shanghai:The Commercial Press,1954:537-539.(in Chinese)
[12]李炜.水力计算手册[M].2版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007:107-108.Li W.Handbook of hydraulic calculations[M].2nd edi.Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2007:107-108.(in Chinese)
[13]吴持恭.明渠水力学[M].上海:龙门联合书局,1952:86.Wu C G.Hydraulics of open channels[M].Shanghai:Longmen Joint Press,1952:86.(in Chinese)
[14]基谢列夫.水力学-流体力学原理[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1983:250-254.Киселев.Hydraulics-principle of fluid mechanics[M].Beijing:Water Resources and Electric Power Publishing House,1983:250-254.(in Chinese)
[15]倪汉根,刘亚坤.击波,水跃,跌水,消能[M].辽宁大连:大连理工大学出版社,2008:134-139.Ni H G,Liu Y K.Shock wave,hydraulic jump,hydraulic drop and energy dissipation[M].Dalian,Liaoning:Dalian University of Technology Press,2008:134-139.(in Chinese)
[16]刘沛清.矩形明渠水跃段速度分布的理论分析[J].水利学报,1993(9):48-54.Liu P Q.Theoretical analysis on rectangular open channel velocity distribution in hydraulic jump region[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1993(9):48-54.(in Chinese)
[17]Bremen R,Hager W H.T-jump in abruptly expanding channel[J].Jour of Hy Res,1993(1):61-78.
[18]沈波.水跃跃长理论研究[J].重庆交通学院学报,1998,17(3):98-101.Shen B.Theoretical study on hydraulic jump length[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong Institute,1998,17(3):98-101.(in Chinese)
[19]Richard H.Open-channel hydraulics[M].New York:Mcgraw-hill Book Company,1985:89-91.
[20]基谢列夫.水力学计算手册[M].北京:电力工业出版社,1957:321-323.Киселев.Handbook of hydraulic calculations[M].Beijing:Electric Power Industry Press,1957:321-323.(in Chinese)
[21]Hager W H.Impact hydraulic jump[J].Journal of Hydraulic Res,1994,120:633-637.