六头螺旋秸秆还田耕整机刀辊设计与试验
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摘要
针对长江中下游两熟制地区土壤黏重板结,传统秸秆还田耕整机作业质量不理想、刀辊易缠绕和功耗大等问题,提出了一种六头螺旋秸秆还田耕整机刀辊。基于滑切原理设计了等滑切角二次切刀,阐述了刀辊结构及工作原理,分析了二次切刀减阻程度及主要作业参数。田间试验结果表明:各因素对功耗和秸秆掩埋率影响显著性由大到小分别为刀辊转速、耕深、作业速度和耕深、作业速度、刀辊转速,对秸秆粉碎率和碎土率影响显著性由大到小为刀辊转速、作业速度、耕深,通过软件分析得到最优参数组合为:耕深12. 7 cm,作业速度0. 7 m/s,刀辊转速273 r/min。验证试验结果表明:最优参数组合下六头螺旋秸秆还田耕整机功耗、秸秆掩埋率、秸秆粉碎率和碎土率分别为31. 9 k W、93. 1%、87. 5%和78. 3%,与软件预测值之间的误差分别为4. 7%、1. 4%、1. 9%和2. 6%。对比试验结果表明:六头螺旋秸秆还田耕整机功耗和秸秆掩埋率较水旱两用秸秆还田耕整机分别低8. 8%和2. 3%,秸秆粉碎率和碎土率分别高3. 0%和6. 1%。
The soil in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is sticky and hard. The quality of traditional straw returning tillage machine is not ideal,and the knife roller is easy to be twisted and the power consumption is large. To solve the above problems,a six-head spiral straw returning cultivator's knife roller was proposed. Secondary cutter blade was designed,and the structure of knife roller and working principle were illustrated. The reduction degree of the secondary cutter blade and the major working parameters were analyzed. The results of experiment showed that the influence of factors on power consumption and straw burial were significant,which from large to small were rotating speed of knife roller,tillage depth,working speed and tillage depth,working speed and rotating speed of knife roller,respectively. The influence of factors on straw crushing and soil pulverization were significant,which from large to small were rotating speed of knife roller,working speed and tillage depth. The optimum value of tillage depth,working speed and rotating speed of knife roller were 12. 7 cm,0. 7 m/s and 273 r/min,respectively. The results of verification experiment showed that the power consumption,rate of straw burial,rate of straw crushing and soil pulverization were 31. 9 k W,93. 1%,87. 5% and78. 3% when working on the optimum values. The errors between the predicted values were 4. 7%,1. 4%,1. 3% and 5. 8%,respectively. The results of contrast experiment showed that the power consumption and the rate of straw burial of six-head spiral straw returning cultivator were 8. 8% and2. 3% lower than that of cultivator for straw returning in paddy field and dry land,respectively.However,the rate of straw crushing and soil pulverization were 3. 0% and 6. 1% higher than that of the latter. The research results can provide reference for the design and improvement of straw returning tillage machine in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
The soil in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is sticky and hard. The quality of traditional straw returning tillage machine is not ideal,and the knife roller is easy to be twisted and the power consumption is large. To solve the above problems,a six-head spiral straw returning cultivator's knife roller was proposed. Secondary cutter blade was designed,and the structure of knife roller and working principle were illustrated. The reduction degree of the secondary cutter blade and the major working parameters were analyzed. The results of experiment showed that the influence of factors on power consumption and straw burial were significant,which from large to small were rotating speed of knife roller,tillage depth,working speed and tillage depth,working speed and rotating speed of knife roller,respectively. The influence of factors on straw crushing and soil pulverization were significant,which from large to small were rotating speed of knife roller,working speed and tillage depth. The optimum value of tillage depth,working speed and rotating speed of knife roller were 12. 7 cm,0. 7 m/s and 273 r/min,respectively. The results of verification experiment showed that the power consumption,rate of straw burial,rate of straw crushing and soil pulverization were 31. 9 k W,93. 1%,87. 5% and78. 3% when working on the optimum values. The errors between the predicted values were 4. 7%,1. 4%,1. 3% and 5. 8%,respectively. The results of contrast experiment showed that the power consumption and the rate of straw burial of six-head spiral straw returning cultivator were 8. 8% and2. 3% lower than that of cultivator for straw returning in paddy field and dry land,respectively.However,the rate of straw crushing and soil pulverization were 3. 0% and 6. 1% higher than that of the latter. The research results can provide reference for the design and improvement of straw returning tillage machine in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
引文
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[7] HAO G,MATHANKER S,MOMIN M A,et al. Effects of three cutting blade designs on energy consumption during mowingconditioning of Miscanthus Giganteus[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy,2018,109:166-171.
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[10] MATIN M A,FIELKE J M,DESBIOLLES J M A. Torque and energy characteristics for strip-tillage cultivation when cutting furrows using three design of rotary blade[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2015,129:329-340.
[11] AMER N N,AHMAD D,AKHIR M D,et al. Effects of rotary mower blade cutting angles on the pulverization of sweet potato vine[J]. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia,2014,2:95-101.
[12]郭俊,张庆怡,MUHAMMAD S M,等.仿鼹鼠足趾排列的旋耕-秸秆粉碎锯齿刀片的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(6):43-50.GUO Jun,ZHANG Qingyi,MUHAMMAD S M,et al. Design and experiment of bionic mole’s toe arrangement serrated blade for soil-rototilling and straw-shattering[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(6):43-50.(in Chinese)
[13]张居敏,周勇,夏俊芳,等.旋耕埋草机螺旋横刀的数学建模与参数分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(1):18-25.ZHANG Jumin,ZHOU Yong,XIA Junfang,et al. Mathematical modeling and analysis of helical blade for stubble burying rotary tiller[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(1):18-25.(in Chinese)
[14]尤泳,贺长彬,王德成,等.土壤耕作部件极窄刀齿与土壤作用关系研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(6):50-58.YOU Yong,HE Changbin,WANG Decheng,et al. Interaction relationship between soil and very narrow tine during penetration process[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(6):50-58. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20170606&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298.2017. 06. 006.(in Chinese)
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[16]王庆杰,刘正道,何进,等.砍切式玉米秸秆还田机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(2):10-17.WANG Qingjie,LIU Zhengdao,HE Jin,et al. Design and experiment of chopping-type maize straw returning machine[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(2):10-17.(in Chinese)
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