考虑DLC空调负荷轮控的高压配电网无功优化模型
|
摘要
该文提出一种考虑直接负荷控制(direct load control,DLC)空调负荷轮控的高压配电网无功优化模型。先对DLC空调轮控的控制特性进行分析,针对台区内多台受控空调同时启动,结合空调负荷静态等值电路和台区电网戴维南等值,推导了对应负荷聚合商台区接入点的启动电压计算公式。在此基础上,从负荷侧和电源侧对高压配电网的无功优化问题进行建模,分别建立DLC空调负荷削减最优分配模型和考虑主变调压机构闭锁的无功优化模型。采用免疫遗传算法对前者进行求解,获取在DLC空调轮控的电压启动约束;将其约束引入到后者中,形成考虑DLC空调负荷轮控的高压配电网无功优化模型,再采用内点法进行求解。最后,通过成都某实际25节点的110kV高压配电网和一条负荷聚合商管理的10kV馈线系统的仿真分析,验证了所建模型的有效性。
This paper proposed a reactive power optimization model of high voltage distribution network considering the cycle control for direct load control(DLC) of air-conditioning loads.First,under the analysis of the cycle control characteristics of air-conditioning load,the critical starting voltage of multi air-conditioning governed by a load aggregator was derived,based on the steady-state equivalent of air-conditioning load and the Thevenin equivalent of distribution transformer network.Then,two layers of the load side and power side are considered for constructing this model,which included the optimal allocation model of DLC air conditioning load reduction and reactive power optimization model considering transformer tap-locking.Furthermore,these two models are combined.For the former one,the immune genetic algorithm is adopted to obtain the start-up voltage constraints of air conditioning which were introduced to the later model.Namely,the proposed model was established and was solved by interior point method.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by simulation analysis of an 110 k V distribution network with 25 buses and a 10 k V feeder system managed by a load aggregator in Chengdu.
This paper proposed a reactive power optimization model of high voltage distribution network considering the cycle control for direct load control(DLC) of air-conditioning loads.First,under the analysis of the cycle control characteristics of air-conditioning load,the critical starting voltage of multi air-conditioning governed by a load aggregator was derived,based on the steady-state equivalent of air-conditioning load and the Thevenin equivalent of distribution transformer network.Then,two layers of the load side and power side are considered for constructing this model,which included the optimal allocation model of DLC air conditioning load reduction and reactive power optimization model considering transformer tap-locking.Furthermore,these two models are combined.For the former one,the immune genetic algorithm is adopted to obtain the start-up voltage constraints of air conditioning which were introduced to the later model.Namely,the proposed model was established and was solved by interior point method.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by simulation analysis of an 110 k V distribution network with 25 buses and a 10 k V feeder system managed by a load aggregator in Chengdu.
引文
[1]Liu Mingxi,Shi Yang.Model predictive control of aggregated heterogeneous second-order thermostatically controlled loads for ancillary services[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(3):1963-1971.
[2]刘萌,褚晓东,张文,等.基于多样性保持的空调负荷群调度控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(22):3674-3682.Liu Meng,Chu Xiaodong,Zhang Wen,et al.Dispatch and control strategies for air-conditioning load groups based on maintenance of load diversity[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(22):3674-3682(in Chinese).
[3]高赐威,李倩玉,李扬.基于DLC的空调负荷双层优化调度和控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(10):1546-1555.Gao Ciwei,Li Qianyu,Li Yang.Bi-level optimal dispatch and control strategy for air-conditioning load based on direct load control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(10):1546-1555(in Chinese).
[4]杨永标,颜庆国,徐石明,等.公共楼宇空调负荷参与电网虚拟调峰的思考[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(17):103-107.Yang Yongbiao,Yan Qingguo,Xu Shiming,et al.Thinking ofpublic building air-conditioning load participating in grid with virtual peak clipping[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(17):103-107(in Chinese).
[5]王蓓蓓,朱峰,嵇文路,等.中央空调降负荷潜力建模及影响因素分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(19):44-52.Wang Beibei,Zhu Feng,Ji Wenlu,et al.Load cutting potential modeling of central air-conditioning and analysis on influencing factors[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(19):44-52(in Chinese).
[6]郑竞宏,朱守真,王光,等.空调负荷运行特性研究及建模[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(10):67-73.Zheng Jinghong,Zhu Shouzhen,Wang Guang,et al.Key characteristics and modeling of air conditioner load[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(10):67-73(in Chinese).
[7]Vanouni M,Lu Ning.Improving the centralized control of thermostatically controlled appliances by obtaining the right information[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(2):946-948.
[8]Liu Mingxi,Shi Yang,Liu Xiaotao.Distributed MPC of aggregated heterogeneous thermostatically controlled loads in smart grid[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(2):1120-1129.
[9]闫丽华.变压器本体实现过负荷闭锁有载调压[J].变压器,2013,50(9):73.Yan Lihua.Transformer overload locking load for voltage regulation[J].Transformer,2013,50(9):73(in Chinese).
[10]朱建全,时薇薇,易江文,等.基于交互多模型算法的电力负荷在线建模[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(13):3479-3487.Zhu Jianquan,Shi Weiwei,Yi Jiangwen,et al.Electric load online modeling based on IMM algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(13):3479-3487(in Chinese).
[11]Zhou Niancheng,Wang Peng,Wang Qianggang,et al.Transient stability study of distributed induction generators using an improved steady-state equivalent circuit method[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014,29(2):608-616.
[12]王志军,朱珂,王小宇.感应电动机对称电压跌落临界清除时间解析算法[J].电网技术,2014,38(2):509-514.Wang Zhijun,Zhu Ke,Wang Xiaoyu.An analytical method to calculate critical clearance time of symmetrical voltage sags for induction motors[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(2):509-514(in Chinese).
[13]Quilumba F L,Lee W J,Huang Heng,et al.Using smart meter data to improve the accuracy of intraday load forecasting considering customer behavior similarities[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(2):911-918.
[14]Liu Fang,Chung C Y,Wong K P,et al.Hybrid immune genetic method for dynamic reactive power optimization[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Power System Technology.Chongqing,China:IEEE,2006:1-6.
[15]国家电网公司.电力系统无功补偿配置技术原则[Z].国家电网公司,2004.State Grid Corporation.The technical principle of reactive power compensation[Z].State Grid Corporation,2004(in Chinese).
[16]颜伟,雷超,文旭,等.无功优化不可行问题的薄弱节点辨识方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(18):4616-4624.Yan Wei,Lei Chao,Wen Xu,et al.A recognizing method for weak buses for the infeasibility of reactive optimization problem[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(18):4616-4624(in Chinese).
[2]刘萌,褚晓东,张文,等.基于多样性保持的空调负荷群调度控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(22):3674-3682.Liu Meng,Chu Xiaodong,Zhang Wen,et al.Dispatch and control strategies for air-conditioning load groups based on maintenance of load diversity[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(22):3674-3682(in Chinese).
[3]高赐威,李倩玉,李扬.基于DLC的空调负荷双层优化调度和控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(10):1546-1555.Gao Ciwei,Li Qianyu,Li Yang.Bi-level optimal dispatch and control strategy for air-conditioning load based on direct load control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(10):1546-1555(in Chinese).
[4]杨永标,颜庆国,徐石明,等.公共楼宇空调负荷参与电网虚拟调峰的思考[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(17):103-107.Yang Yongbiao,Yan Qingguo,Xu Shiming,et al.Thinking ofpublic building air-conditioning load participating in grid with virtual peak clipping[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(17):103-107(in Chinese).
[5]王蓓蓓,朱峰,嵇文路,等.中央空调降负荷潜力建模及影响因素分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(19):44-52.Wang Beibei,Zhu Feng,Ji Wenlu,et al.Load cutting potential modeling of central air-conditioning and analysis on influencing factors[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(19):44-52(in Chinese).
[6]郑竞宏,朱守真,王光,等.空调负荷运行特性研究及建模[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(10):67-73.Zheng Jinghong,Zhu Shouzhen,Wang Guang,et al.Key characteristics and modeling of air conditioner load[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(10):67-73(in Chinese).
[7]Vanouni M,Lu Ning.Improving the centralized control of thermostatically controlled appliances by obtaining the right information[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(2):946-948.
[8]Liu Mingxi,Shi Yang,Liu Xiaotao.Distributed MPC of aggregated heterogeneous thermostatically controlled loads in smart grid[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(2):1120-1129.
[9]闫丽华.变压器本体实现过负荷闭锁有载调压[J].变压器,2013,50(9):73.Yan Lihua.Transformer overload locking load for voltage regulation[J].Transformer,2013,50(9):73(in Chinese).
[10]朱建全,时薇薇,易江文,等.基于交互多模型算法的电力负荷在线建模[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(13):3479-3487.Zhu Jianquan,Shi Weiwei,Yi Jiangwen,et al.Electric load online modeling based on IMM algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(13):3479-3487(in Chinese).
[11]Zhou Niancheng,Wang Peng,Wang Qianggang,et al.Transient stability study of distributed induction generators using an improved steady-state equivalent circuit method[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014,29(2):608-616.
[12]王志军,朱珂,王小宇.感应电动机对称电压跌落临界清除时间解析算法[J].电网技术,2014,38(2):509-514.Wang Zhijun,Zhu Ke,Wang Xiaoyu.An analytical method to calculate critical clearance time of symmetrical voltage sags for induction motors[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(2):509-514(in Chinese).
[13]Quilumba F L,Lee W J,Huang Heng,et al.Using smart meter data to improve the accuracy of intraday load forecasting considering customer behavior similarities[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(2):911-918.
[14]Liu Fang,Chung C Y,Wong K P,et al.Hybrid immune genetic method for dynamic reactive power optimization[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Power System Technology.Chongqing,China:IEEE,2006:1-6.
[15]国家电网公司.电力系统无功补偿配置技术原则[Z].国家电网公司,2004.State Grid Corporation.The technical principle of reactive power compensation[Z].State Grid Corporation,2004(in Chinese).
[16]颜伟,雷超,文旭,等.无功优化不可行问题的薄弱节点辨识方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(18):4616-4624.Yan Wei,Lei Chao,Wen Xu,et al.A recognizing method for weak buses for the infeasibility of reactive optimization problem[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(18):4616-4624(in Chinese).