铁促进土壤有机碳累积作用研究进展
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摘要
土壤中总有机碳的含量可反映土壤的有机质含量进而反映土壤肥力水平。在众多的有机碳累积的影响因子中,铁在土壤有机碳的累积方面发挥着"捕获"有机碳并形成"锈汇"的重要作用。本文总结了前人的研究成果,得出土壤中有机碳的固持机制主要包括团聚体的物理保护、矿物质的化学保护、微生物的生物保护以及有机碳自身的保护,并以前两者为主,且铁紧密地参与到物理、化学和生物保护机制中的结论。这说明铁在土壤有机碳累积过程中起重要作用。铁通过促进团聚体的形成、与有机碳发生共沉淀和吸附作用以及影响微生物活性的方式分别参与到物理、化学和生物保护机制中。有机碳自身的保护作用主要体现在一部分有机碳的抗分解性。建议今后更多地关注氧化还原性质活跃的、生态服务功能显著的土壤系统的有机碳固持及碳汇功能恢复机制,更加注重不同机制的定量化研究及重要性对比研究,加强模拟实验研究,更好地实现理论服务于实践。
The content of total organic carbon in soil is a major indicator reflecting the content of total organic matter and further on soil fertility. There are numerous factors that affect accumulation of organic carbon in soil. Among them, iron plays an essential role in "capturing" organic carbon and forming "rust sink", thus promoting accumulation of soil organic carbon. A number of scholars have studied stabilizing mechanisms of soil organic carbon. In this paper, attempts were made to summarize the studies that had been done. It is found that the stabilizing mechanisms mainly include physical preservation of aggregates, chemical preservation of minerals, biological preservation of microorganisms and preservation of organic carbon per se. Among the four mechanisms, the first two are the main ones. Iron is closely involved in the mechanisms of physical, chemical and biological preservations. In physical preservation, iron promotes formation of soil aggregates. In chemical preservation, iron adsorbs and precipitates with organic carbon. At the same time, iron affects activity of soil microorganisms in biological preservation. All indicate that iron plays an important role in soil organic carbon accumulation. And the protective effect of organic carbon per se is mainly reflected in the anti-decomposition of a certain portion of organic carbon. In the end, the authors put forward several suggestions. More attention should be paid to the mechanisms of organic carbon sequestration and functional recovery of the carbon sink in the soil systems that are active in oxidation reduction and remarkable in ecological service function, to quantitative researches on and comparison between the different mechanisms in importance, and to simulation experiments, so as to better realize the goal of theory serving practice.
The content of total organic carbon in soil is a major indicator reflecting the content of total organic matter and further on soil fertility. There are numerous factors that affect accumulation of organic carbon in soil. Among them, iron plays an essential role in "capturing" organic carbon and forming "rust sink", thus promoting accumulation of soil organic carbon. A number of scholars have studied stabilizing mechanisms of soil organic carbon. In this paper, attempts were made to summarize the studies that had been done. It is found that the stabilizing mechanisms mainly include physical preservation of aggregates, chemical preservation of minerals, biological preservation of microorganisms and preservation of organic carbon per se. Among the four mechanisms, the first two are the main ones. Iron is closely involved in the mechanisms of physical, chemical and biological preservations. In physical preservation, iron promotes formation of soil aggregates. In chemical preservation, iron adsorbs and precipitates with organic carbon. At the same time, iron affects activity of soil microorganisms in biological preservation. All indicate that iron plays an important role in soil organic carbon accumulation. And the protective effect of organic carbon per se is mainly reflected in the anti-decomposition of a certain portion of organic carbon. In the end, the authors put forward several suggestions. More attention should be paid to the mechanisms of organic carbon sequestration and functional recovery of the carbon sink in the soil systems that are active in oxidation reduction and remarkable in ecological service function, to quantitative researches on and comparison between the different mechanisms in importance, and to simulation experiments, so as to better realize the goal of theory serving practice.
引文
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