地质聚合物基无机膜去除水中钙、镁离子的研究
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摘要
以偏高岭土为前驱体材料,以改性水玻璃为碱激发剂,以去离子水为造孔剂,按照设计配比(n(SiO_2)/n(Na_2O)=1.3,n(Na_2O)/n(Al_2O_3)=0.8,n(SiO_2)/n(Al_2O_3)=2.96,n(H_2O)/n(Na_2O)=10~24)混合均匀后制得地质聚合物浆料,将浆料注模后于60℃条件下养护1d后脱模,并于常温下养护7d后得地质聚合物无机膜。利用SEM(扫描电镜)、比表面积与孔隙度测试仪、全自动孔径分析仪、电子万能试验机以及膜装置测试水通量等手段对膜材料进行表征,最终获得用于水处理无机膜的最优H_2O/Na_2O比为19。结果显示,该配比下制备的地质聚合物无机膜具有大的孔体积和比表面积,具有均匀的孔径分布、较高的气孔率和较好的力学强度,能够满足水处理的基本要求。将该地质聚合物无机膜应用于自来水中Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)的去除实验,结果表明钙镁离子截留率高,具有很好的实用价值。
This study used metakaolin as raw material,used modified industrial water glass as alkali activator,and used deionized water as foaming agent.The geopolymer slurry was prepared by mixing evenly according to the formula molar ratio(n(SiO_2)/n(Na_2O)=1.3,n(Na_2O)/n(Al_2O_3)=0.8,n(SiO_2)/n(Al_2O_3)=2.96,n(H_2O)/n(Na_2O)=10-24).After the slurry was cast into mould,and it was cured under the condition of 60℃and demoulded after 1d,and then cured at room temperature for 7days so that we could get the geopolymerbased inorganic membrane.Using XRD(X-ray diffraction),SEM(scanning electron microscopy),specific surface area and porosity testing apparatus,automatic pore size analyzer,compressive strength and water flux test,it is found that the inorganic membrane has large porous volume and surface area structure,uniform pore size distribution,high porosity and good mechanical strength,which are good at removal of Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) in tap water.The experiment results showed that inorganic membrane has a high rejection rate,and it has good practical significance.
This study used metakaolin as raw material,used modified industrial water glass as alkali activator,and used deionized water as foaming agent.The geopolymer slurry was prepared by mixing evenly according to the formula molar ratio(n(SiO_2)/n(Na_2O)=1.3,n(Na_2O)/n(Al_2O_3)=0.8,n(SiO_2)/n(Al_2O_3)=2.96,n(H_2O)/n(Na_2O)=10-24).After the slurry was cast into mould,and it was cured under the condition of 60℃and demoulded after 1d,and then cured at room temperature for 7days so that we could get the geopolymerbased inorganic membrane.Using XRD(X-ray diffraction),SEM(scanning electron microscopy),specific surface area and porosity testing apparatus,automatic pore size analyzer,compressive strength and water flux test,it is found that the inorganic membrane has large porous volume and surface area structure,uniform pore size distribution,high porosity and good mechanical strength,which are good at removal of Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) in tap water.The experiment results showed that inorganic membrane has a high rejection rate,and it has good practical significance.
引文
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[19]Zhang Zhijun,Zhao Ping.Ceramic membrane fouling and cleaning[J].Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology,2009,26(1):61-64.张志军,赵平.陶瓷膜污染与清洗[J].河北工业科技,2009,26(1):61-64.
[2]Zhang Xiaoming.A study on character analysis and debugging of pretreatment process of sewage as feed water for electricity boiler[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2005.张晓明.城市污水回用于电厂锅炉补给水的预处理工艺特性分析与调试研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2005.
[3]Deng Jianmian,Tong Ling,Zhou Zhenmin,et al.Research overview on the application of membrane separating technology to recycled water treatment[J].Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power(Natural Science Edition),2015,36(2):84-88.邓建绵,童玲,周振民,等.膜分离技术在再生水处理中的应用研究综述[J].华北水利水电大学学报,2015,36(2):84-88.
[4]Ye Shengquan,Wu Hui,Lai Furao,et al.Study on soften of hard water by chitosan[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2009,07:74-76.叶盛权,吴晖,赖富饶,等.壳聚糖软化硬水的研究[J].食品工业科技,2009,07:74-76.
[5]Bai Xiaoqin,Zhao Ying,Gu Ping.Development of membrane technology in drinking water treatment[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2005,31(9):1-5.白晓琴,赵英,顾平.膜分离技术在自来水处理中的应用[J].水处理技术,2005,31(9):1-5.
[6]Liu Ting,Kang Weidong,Jin Xing.Analyses the application of membrane technology in industrial wastewater treatment[J].Chengshi Jianshe Lilun Yanjiu,2014,04(36):179-180.刘婷,亢卫东,金星.浅析工业废水处理中膜技术的应用[J].城市建设理论研究,2014,04(36):179-180.
[7]Xie Zhengping,Peng Zhaolan,Peng Xiaohai.Application of membrane technology in water treatment[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2009,28:47-48.谢正平,彭招兰,彭小海.膜技术在水处理中的应用[J].化工进展,2009,28:47-48.
[8]Xu Nanping,Xing Weihong,Zhao Yijiang.Seperation technology and application of inorganic membrane[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2003.徐南平,邢卫红,赵宜江.无机膜分离技术与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
[9]Davidovits J.Goepolymers:inorganic polymeric new materials[J].Journal of Thermal Analysis,1991,37:1633-1656.
[10]Hua Xu,Jannie Van Deventer S J.Geopolymerisation of multiple minerals[J].Minerals Engineering,2002,15(12):1131-1139.
[11]Xu Mengxue,He Yan,Wang Chaoqun,et al.Preparation and characterization of a self-supporting inorganic membrane based on metakaolin-based geopolymers[J].Applied Clay Science,2015,115:254-259.
[12]Liu Jing,He Yan,Yuan Yuan,et al.The preparation and characterization of geopolymer based inorganic membranes[J].Key Engineering Materials,2014,602:80-83.
[13]He Yan,Cui Xuemin,Liu Xingdong,et al.Preparation of self-supporting NaA zeolite membranes using geopolymers[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2013,447:66.
[14]Ge Yuanyuan,Cui Xuemin,Kong Yan,et al.Porous geopolymeric spheres for removal of Cu(Ⅱ)from aqueous solution:synthesis and evaluation[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2015,283:244-251.
[15]Ge Yuanyuan,Yuan Yuan,Wang Kaituo,et al,Preparation of geopolymer-based inorganic membrane for removing Ni2from wastewater[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2015,299:711-718.
[16]Yusuf M O,Johari M A M,Ahmad Z A,et al.Effects of H2O/Na2O molar ratio on the strength of alkaline activated ground blast furnace slag-ultrafine palm oil fuel ash based concrete[J].Materials&Design,2014,56:158-164.
[17]Barbos V F F,MacKenzie K J D,Thaumaturgo C.Synthesis and characterisation of materials based on inorganic polymers of alumina and silica:sodium polysialate polymers[J].International Journal of Inorganic Materials,2000,2:309-317.
[18]Mindess S,Young J F.Concrete[M].Prentice-Hall,Inc:Englewood Cliffs,1981.
[19]Zhang Zhijun,Zhao Ping.Ceramic membrane fouling and cleaning[J].Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology,2009,26(1):61-64.张志军,赵平.陶瓷膜污染与清洗[J].河北工业科技,2009,26(1):61-64.