龙滩水库夏季溶解无机碳、氮空间分布特征
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摘要
为探究筑坝对河流溶解无机碳、溶解无机碳氮空间分布的影响,2016年9月(丰水期)在岩溶区深水水库(龙滩水库)进行分层采样,获取水体主要的理化参数,运用经典统计学和地统计学方法揭示了水中溶解无机碳(DIC)、氮(DIN)及溶解无机碳氮比(C/N)的空间变异特征。结果表明:龙滩水库夏季出现明显热分层现象,导致总溶解固体、酸碱度、碱度、DIC、DIN出现空间分层;除水温、p H外,水中主要理化参数在空间上变异较大,DIC、DIN、C/N的空间变异总体表现为DIC>C/N>DIN;库区DIC、DIN、C/N的水平变异呈现从坝前向库尾逐渐递减的趋势;由试验随机误差产生的空间异质性较小,自然结构因素对DIC、DIN、C/N引起的空间异质性起主导作用。
In order to determine the influence of damming on the spatial distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon and dissolved inorganic nitrogen in river,we stratified sampling in the karst area deeply water reservoir(Longtan Reservoir) in September 2016(rainfall season) to access to the main physical and chemical parameters of water.We studied the spatial distribution pattern of DIC,DIN and C/N in water by classical statistics and geo statistics methods.The results show that the temperature shows obvious stratification and results stratification of total dissolved solids,p H,Alkalinity,DIC,DIN and NH+4-N at Longtan Reservoir in summer.Apart from water temperature and p H,the main physical and chemical parameters have large variation in space and decrease from the surface to the bottom,in the order of DIC>C/N>DIN.The horizontal variation of DIC,DIN and C/N in the reservoir area has obvious spatial structure with the dam body is larger than the tail.The spatial heterogeneity produced by the experimental random error is small and the three have strongly spatial auto correlation.However,the natural structural factors play a significantly role in spatial heterogeneity caused on DIC,DIN and C/N.
In order to determine the influence of damming on the spatial distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon and dissolved inorganic nitrogen in river,we stratified sampling in the karst area deeply water reservoir(Longtan Reservoir) in September 2016(rainfall season) to access to the main physical and chemical parameters of water.We studied the spatial distribution pattern of DIC,DIN and C/N in water by classical statistics and geo statistics methods.The results show that the temperature shows obvious stratification and results stratification of total dissolved solids,p H,Alkalinity,DIC,DIN and NH+4-N at Longtan Reservoir in summer.Apart from water temperature and p H,the main physical and chemical parameters have large variation in space and decrease from the surface to the bottom,in the order of DIC>C/N>DIN.The horizontal variation of DIC,DIN and C/N in the reservoir area has obvious spatial structure with the dam body is larger than the tail.The spatial heterogeneity produced by the experimental random error is small and the three have strongly spatial auto correlation.However,the natural structural factors play a significantly role in spatial heterogeneity caused on DIC,DIN and C/N.
引文
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[24]牟晓杰,孙志高,刘兴土.黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地土壤碳、氮的空间分异特征[J].地理科学,2012,32(12):1521-1529.
[25]张恩仁,张经.三峡水库对长江N、P营养盐截留效应的模型分析[J].湖泊科学,2003,15(1):41-48.
[26]喻元秀,刘丛强,汪福顺,等.乌江流域梯级水库中溶解无机碳及其同位素分异特征[J].科学通报,2008,53(16):1935-1941.
[2]于洋,陈才.中国二氧化碳净排放的时空特性分析[J].地理科学,2013,33(10):1173-1179.
[3]高全洲,沈承德.河流碳通量与陆地侵蚀研究[J].地球科学进展,1998,13(4):369-375.
[4]魏秀国,李宁利,沈承德,等.西江水体有机碳含量变化及悬浮物碳同位素的意义[J].地理科学,2011,31(2):166-171.
[5]张永领,杨小林,张东.小浪底水库影响下的黄河花园口站和小浪底站p CO2特征及扩散通量[J].环境科学,2015,36(1):40-48.
[6]中华人民共和国国家统计局.2016中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016:1-56.
[7]HOOPER R P,AULENBACH B T,KELLY V J.The National Streamquality Accounting Network:a Flux-Based Approach to Monitoring the Water Quality of Large Rivers[J].Hydrological Processes,2001,15(7):1089-1106.
[8]NAIMAN R J,MELILLO J M,LOCK M A,et al.Longitudinal Patterns of Ecosystem Processes and Community Structure in a Subarctic River Continuum[J].Ecology,1987,68(5):1139-1156.
[9]李干蓉,刘丛强,陈椽,等.猫跳河流域梯级水库夏-秋季节溶解无机碳(DIC)含量及其同位素组成的分布特征[J].环境科学,2009,30(10):2891-2897.
[10]刘丛强,汪福顺,王雨春,等.河流筑坝拦截的水环境响应:来自地球化学的视角[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(4):384-396.
[11]范志伟,郝庆菊,黄哲,等.三峡库区水体中可溶性C、N变化及影响因素[J].环境科学,2017,38(1):129-137.
[12]焦树林,陶贞,高全洲,等.西江河口段溶解无机碳稳定同位素组成的时空变化[J].地理学报,2008,63(5):526-533.
[13]吴起鑫,韩贵琳,唐杨.三峡水库坝前水体水化学及溶解无机碳时空分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(3):654-661.
[14]赵敏,曾成,刘再华.土地利用变化对岩溶地下水溶解无机碳及其稳定同位素组成的影响[J].地球化学,2009,38(6):565-572.
[15]张垒,李秋华,黄国佳,等.亚热带深水水库---龙滩水库季节性分层与富营养化特征分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):438-447.
[16]王崇,憨雪莹,黄道明,等.红水河龙滩水库浮游植物的群落结构特征[J].水生态学杂志,2013,34(6):34-40.
[17]MATHERON G.Principles of Geostatistics[J].Economic Geology,1963,58(8):1246-1266.
[18]徐建华.计量地理学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2014:171-177.
[19]ALLAN J D,CASTILLO M M.Stream Ecology:Structure and Function of Running Waters[M].2nd Edition.Berlin:Springer Press,2007:256-264.
[20]李哲,郭劲松,方芳,等.三峡水库小江回水区不同TN/TP水平下氮素形态分布和循环特点[J].湖泊科学,2009,21(4):509-517.
[21]李冰冻,李嘉,李克锋,等.二滩水库坝前及下泄水体水温分布现场观测与分析[J].水利水电科技进展,2009,29(4):21-23.
[22]王政权.地统计学及其在生态学中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:35-43.
[23]刘璐,曾馥平,宋同清,等.喀斯特木论自然保护区土壤养分的空间变异特征[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(7):1667-1673.
[24]牟晓杰,孙志高,刘兴土.黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地土壤碳、氮的空间分异特征[J].地理科学,2012,32(12):1521-1529.
[25]张恩仁,张经.三峡水库对长江N、P营养盐截留效应的模型分析[J].湖泊科学,2003,15(1):41-48.
[26]喻元秀,刘丛强,汪福顺,等.乌江流域梯级水库中溶解无机碳及其同位素分异特征[J].科学通报,2008,53(16):1935-1941.