赤芝与无柄灵芝担孢子的萌发特性比较
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摘要
以赤芝Ganoderma lucidum和无柄灵芝Ganoderma resinaceum担孢子为材料,从担孢子采集方法、萌发条件及保藏时间等方面,比较两种担孢子的萌发特性。结果表明,无柄灵芝担孢子在无菌水中培养24 h即可萌发产生芽管,48 h萌发率为6.77%;而赤芝只有早期弹射的新鲜担孢子可以在麦芽汁培养基中萌发,但萌发率仅有1.13%。赤芝担孢子根据形态大小可分为3类,其中可萌发担孢子的平均长为7.38μm,宽为4.46μm,小于成熟担孢子,细胞壁颜色也比成熟担孢子浅。灵芝担孢子萌发时一般在担孢子顶端或脐状处产生一个芽管,极少数两处同时产生芽管。新生菌丝在不适宜继续生长条件下,可进一步形成厚垣孢子;且随着担孢子保藏时间的延长,其萌发率快速降低。
Based on the materials of the basidiospores of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma resinaceum, the germination characteristics were compared in the aspects of the collecting methods, germination conditions, storage time and etc. The results showed that the basidiospores G. resinaceum germinated germ tubes in 24 h in the sterile water, and after 48 h the germination rate reached to 6.77%. And only the fresh catapulting basidiospores could germinate in wort medium though the germination rate of G. lucidum was just 1.13%. According to the size and morphology, the basidiospores of G. lucidum can be divided into three categories. The average length and width of germinable G. lucidum basidiospores were 7.38μm and 4.46μm, respectively, smaller than the mature basidiospores. And the color of the cell walls was aslo lighter than that of the mature basidiospores. The germination process was featured with a germ tube on the top of basidiospores or in the hilum, in rare cases one germ tube in each part. If the conditions were not fit for mycelium growth, chlamydospore would take shape. With the storage time goes on, the germination rate will fall rapidly.
Based on the materials of the basidiospores of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma resinaceum, the germination characteristics were compared in the aspects of the collecting methods, germination conditions, storage time and etc. The results showed that the basidiospores G. resinaceum germinated germ tubes in 24 h in the sterile water, and after 48 h the germination rate reached to 6.77%. And only the fresh catapulting basidiospores could germinate in wort medium though the germination rate of G. lucidum was just 1.13%. According to the size and morphology, the basidiospores of G. lucidum can be divided into three categories. The average length and width of germinable G. lucidum basidiospores were 7.38μm and 4.46μm, respectively, smaller than the mature basidiospores. And the color of the cell walls was aslo lighter than that of the mature basidiospores. The germination process was featured with a germ tube on the top of basidiospores or in the hilum, in rare cases one germ tube in each part. If the conditions were not fit for mycelium growth, chlamydospore would take shape. With the storage time goes on, the germination rate will fall rapidly.
引文
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[13]陆文樑,常永祯.灵芝子实体人工培养中某些生物学特性研究[J].植物学报,1975,17(2):153-159.
[14]王德芝,陈琼.几种因素对灵芝孢子萌发的影响[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(23):102-104.
[15]戴玉成,曹云,周丽伟,等.中国灵芝学名之管见[J].菌物学报,2013,32(6):947-952.
[16]Ho YW,Nawawi A.Germination studies of Ganoderma boninense spores from oil palms in Malaysia[J].Pertanika,1986,9(2):151-154.
[17]Nuss I.Die bedeutung der proterosporen:schiussfolgerungen aus unter uchungen an Ganoderma(basidiomyeetes)[J].Plant Systematics and Evolution,1982,141:53-79.
[18]Lim TM.Production germination and dispersal of basidiospores of Ganoderma pseudoferreum on Hevea[J].Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia,1977,25(2):93-99.
[2]林志彬.中西医结合研究诠释灵芝的扶正固本功效[J].福建中医药大学学报,2010,20(6):1-3.
[3]李刚,杨凡,李瑞雪,等.原生质体紫外诱变选育灵芝新菌种的研究[J].微生物学报,2001,41(2):229-233.
[4]彭卫红,郑林用,甘炳成,等.灵芝原生质体融合HH系列菌株的选育研究[J].西南农业学报,2006,19(3):498-501.
[5]吴小平,刘方,谢玉荣,等.灵芝原生质体单核化杂交育种[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(23):64-69.
[6]吴小航,吴军.同倍显微相片测微尺法[J].辽宁师范大学自然科学学报,1991,14(1):69-73.
[7]Leslie CC.Structure of spore wall in Ganoderma[J].Botanical Gazette,1927,83(1):48-60.
[8]Bose SR.Artificial culture of Ganoderma lucidum Leyss from spore to spore[J].Botanical Gazette,1929,87:665-667.
[9]Subodh KS.Spore-germination of Ganoderma lucidum(Leyss.Ex Fr.)Karst[J].Current Science,1943,12(2):59-60.
[10]Anjali S.Nuclear phenomena in the life cycle of Ganoderma lucidum(Leyss.Ex Fr.)Karst[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,1959,37:59-64.
[11]Venkatarayan SV.The biology of Ganoderma lucidum on area cocoanut palms[J].Phytopathology,1936,26:153-175.
[12]林俊华,邓优锦,谢宝贵.灵芝原生质体单核化杂交子的评价[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2010,39(5):534-537.
[13]陆文樑,常永祯.灵芝子实体人工培养中某些生物学特性研究[J].植物学报,1975,17(2):153-159.
[14]王德芝,陈琼.几种因素对灵芝孢子萌发的影响[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(23):102-104.
[15]戴玉成,曹云,周丽伟,等.中国灵芝学名之管见[J].菌物学报,2013,32(6):947-952.
[16]Ho YW,Nawawi A.Germination studies of Ganoderma boninense spores from oil palms in Malaysia[J].Pertanika,1986,9(2):151-154.
[17]Nuss I.Die bedeutung der proterosporen:schiussfolgerungen aus unter uchungen an Ganoderma(basidiomyeetes)[J].Plant Systematics and Evolution,1982,141:53-79.
[18]Lim TM.Production germination and dispersal of basidiospores of Ganoderma pseudoferreum on Hevea[J].Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia,1977,25(2):93-99.