牛牙样牙文献综述
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摘要
牛牙样牙(taurodontism)为一种少见的牙体畸形,Hertwig上皮根鞘未能在适当的水平内折或者断裂延迟是牛牙样牙发生的重要原因,但其发病机制尚不完全清楚。以牙髓腔冠根向膨大、髓室底及根分叉向根方移位、而釉牙骨质界没有明显收缩为特征。牛牙样牙最常见于恒磨牙中,但这种改变也可见于乳牙,可在单侧或双侧以及任何牙齿或象限中看到,可单独发生,亦可伴有其他综合征同时存在。通常无明显临床症状,大多数通过拍摄X线片得以发现。该文对牛牙样牙的病因、临床表现和放射学特征,各种综合征的关系以及这种牙齿的牙科治疗进行综述,以满足对其诊断和治疗的迫切需求。
Taurodontism is a rare tooth deformity, a change in tooth shape caused by the failure of Hertwig's epithelial sheath diaphragm or the delay of fracture at the proper horizontal level. However, its pathogenesis has not been fully understood. An enlarged pulp chamber, apical displacement of the pulpal floor and bifurcation or trifurcation of the root,and no constriction at the level of the cemento-enamel junction are the characteristic features. Although permanent molar teeth are most commonly affected, this change can also be seen in both the permanent and deciduous dentition, unilaterally or bilaterally, and in any combination of teeth or quadrants. Whilst it appears most frequently as an isolated anomaly, its association with several syndromes has also been reported. Usually no obvious clinical symptoms appear, most of which are found by the X-ray film. This article reviews the etiology, clinical and radiological features of the taurodontism, the relationship between various syndromes, and the dental treatment of such teeth to meet the urgent need for diagnosis and treatment.
Taurodontism is a rare tooth deformity, a change in tooth shape caused by the failure of Hertwig's epithelial sheath diaphragm or the delay of fracture at the proper horizontal level. However, its pathogenesis has not been fully understood. An enlarged pulp chamber, apical displacement of the pulpal floor and bifurcation or trifurcation of the root,and no constriction at the level of the cemento-enamel junction are the characteristic features. Although permanent molar teeth are most commonly affected, this change can also be seen in both the permanent and deciduous dentition, unilaterally or bilaterally, and in any combination of teeth or quadrants. Whilst it appears most frequently as an isolated anomaly, its association with several syndromes has also been reported. Usually no obvious clinical symptoms appear, most of which are found by the X-ray film. This article reviews the etiology, clinical and radiological features of the taurodontism, the relationship between various syndromes, and the dental treatment of such teeth to meet the urgent need for diagnosis and treatment.
引文
[1] 程亲秀,王娜,刘桂荣,等.牛牙症2例病例报告[J].临床口腔医学杂志,2017,33(2):401-402.
[2] 王艳芹,夏凌云.下颌第二前磨牙牛牙症伴畸形中央尖及C型根管1例[J].牙体牙髓牙周病学杂志,2016,26(10):641-642.
[3] Gorjanovic-Kramberger D.Uber prismatische Molarwur-zelnrezenter und diluvialer Menschen[J].Anat Anz,1908,32:401-413.
[4] Pickerill HP.Radicular aberrations[J].Proc R Soc Med,1909,2(Odontol Sect):145-161.
[5] Keith A.Problems relating to theteeth of the earlier forms of prehistoric man[J].Proc R Soc Med,1913,6(Odontol Sect):103-124.
[6] Jayashankara CM,Kumar SA,Sridhara KS,et al.Taurodontism:A dental rarity[J].J Oral Maxillofac Pathol,2013,17(3):478-478.
[7] Kim TH,Bae CH,Yang S,et al.Nfic regulates tooth root patterning and growth[J].Anat Cell Biol,2015,48(3):188-194.
[8] Dong J,Amor D,Aldred MJ,et al.DLX3 mutation associated with autosomal dominant amelogenesis imperfecta with taurodontism[J].Am J Med Genet A,2005,133A(2):138-141.
[9] Yeh SC,Hsu TY.Endodontic treatment in taurodontism with Klinefelter's syndrome:A case report[J].Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod,1999,88(5):612-615.
[10] Melo Filho MR,Nogueira dos Santos LA,Barbosa Martelli DR,et al.Taurodontism in patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate in a Brazilian population:a case control evaluation with panoramic radiographs[J].Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol,2015,120(6):744-750.
[11] Weckwerth GM,Santos CF,Brozoski D,et al.Taurodontism,root dilaceration,and tooth transposition:a radiographic study of a population with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate[J].The Cleft Palate Craniofacial J,2016,53(4):404-412.
[12] Ohri N,Khan M,Gupta N,et al.A study on the radiographic features of jaws and teeth in patients with thalassemia major using orthopantomograph[J].J Indian Acad Oral Medic Radiol,2015,27(3):343.
[13] Shaik S,Raviraj J,Dirasantchu S,et al.Ellis-van Creveld syndrome with unusual oral and dental findings:A rare clinical entity[J].Dent Res J (Isfahan),2016,13(2):193-197.
[14] Sashte A.Taurodontism[J].Guident,2015,8(1):28-29.
[15] Surendar MN,Pandey RK,Khanna R.Bilateral taurodontism in primary dentition with hypodontia[J/OL].BMJ Case Rep,(2013-01-22)[2018-01-10].https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3604311/.
[16] Colak H,Tan E,Bayraktar Y,et al.Taurodontism in a central anatolian population[J].Dent Res J (Isfahan),2013,10(2):260-263.
[17] Dharmani U,Jadhav GR,Kaur Dharmani K,et al.Karyotype,Pedigree and cone-beam computerized tomography analysis of a case of nonsyndromic pandental anomalies[J].J Nat Sci Biol Med,2015,6(2):468-471.
[18] Shaw JC.Taurodont teeth in South African races[J].J Anat,1928,62(Pt 4):476-498.
[19] Keene HJ.A Morphologic and biometric study of taurodontism in a contemporary population[J].Am J Phys Anthropol,1966,25:208-209.
[20] Feichtinger C,Rossiwall B.Taurodontism in human sex chromo-some aneuploidy[J].Arch Oral Biol,1977,22(5):327-329.
[21] Shifman A,Chanannel I.Prevalence of taurodontism found in radiographic dental examination of 1,200 young adult Israeli patients[J].Community Dent Oral Epidemiol,1978,6(4):200-203.
[22] Celikten B,Yalniz H,Huang Y.Endodontic management of taurodontism with a complex root canal anatomy in mandibular posterior teeth[J/OL].BMJ Case Rep,(2017-11-20)[2018-01-10].http://casereports.bmj.com/content/2017/bcr-2017-222563.long.
[23] Karthikeyan R,Shanmugasundaram K,Rajendran B.A case of unusual root morphology in primar first molar with single root and taurodontism[J].Guident,2016,9(3):58.
[24] Jamshidi D,Adl A,Sobhnamayan F,et al.Root canal treatment of a hypertaurodont mandibular second molar:a case report[J].J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects,2015,9(1):57-59.
[25] do Nascimento A,AF Marques A,Sponchiado-Júnior E,et al.Endodontic treatment of hypertaurodontic mandibular molar using reciprocating single-file system:a case report[J].Bull Tokyo Dent Coll,2016,57(2):83-89.
[26] 张杨.牛牙症患牙根管治疗的疗效探讨[J].广东牙病防治,2010,18(1):38-40.
[27] Tomov G,Vladimirov St.Taurodontism epidemiologic,genetic and clinical aspects (review)[J].Dentalna Medicina (in Bulgarian),2010,92(1):57-61.
[28] Mohan RP,Verma S,Agarwal N,et al.Taurodontism[J/OL].BMJ Case Rep,(2013-08-17)[2018-01-10].https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3644934/.
[29] 张文,张婧.下颌第二前磨牙牛牙症伴C型根管的显微治疗一例[J].中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版),2014,8(3):249-251.
[30] Kosinski RW,Chaiyawat Y,Rosenberg L.Localized deficient root development associated with taurodontism:case report[J].Pediatr Dent,1999,21(3):213-215.
[31] Shifman A,Buchner A.Taurodontism :Report of sixteen cases in Israel[J].Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol,1976,41(3):400-405.
[32] Varrela J,Alvesalo L.Taurodontism in 47,XXY males:an effect of the extra X chromosome on root development[J].J Dent Res,1988,67(2):501-502.
[33] Metgud S,Metgud R,Rani K.Management of a patient with a taurodont,single-rooted molars associated with multiple dental anomalies:a spiral computerized tomography evaluation[J].Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod,2009,108(2):81-86.
[2] 王艳芹,夏凌云.下颌第二前磨牙牛牙症伴畸形中央尖及C型根管1例[J].牙体牙髓牙周病学杂志,2016,26(10):641-642.
[3] Gorjanovic-Kramberger D.Uber prismatische Molarwur-zelnrezenter und diluvialer Menschen[J].Anat Anz,1908,32:401-413.
[4] Pickerill HP.Radicular aberrations[J].Proc R Soc Med,1909,2(Odontol Sect):145-161.
[5] Keith A.Problems relating to theteeth of the earlier forms of prehistoric man[J].Proc R Soc Med,1913,6(Odontol Sect):103-124.
[6] Jayashankara CM,Kumar SA,Sridhara KS,et al.Taurodontism:A dental rarity[J].J Oral Maxillofac Pathol,2013,17(3):478-478.
[7] Kim TH,Bae CH,Yang S,et al.Nfic regulates tooth root patterning and growth[J].Anat Cell Biol,2015,48(3):188-194.
[8] Dong J,Amor D,Aldred MJ,et al.DLX3 mutation associated with autosomal dominant amelogenesis imperfecta with taurodontism[J].Am J Med Genet A,2005,133A(2):138-141.
[9] Yeh SC,Hsu TY.Endodontic treatment in taurodontism with Klinefelter's syndrome:A case report[J].Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod,1999,88(5):612-615.
[10] Melo Filho MR,Nogueira dos Santos LA,Barbosa Martelli DR,et al.Taurodontism in patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate in a Brazilian population:a case control evaluation with panoramic radiographs[J].Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol,2015,120(6):744-750.
[11] Weckwerth GM,Santos CF,Brozoski D,et al.Taurodontism,root dilaceration,and tooth transposition:a radiographic study of a population with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate[J].The Cleft Palate Craniofacial J,2016,53(4):404-412.
[12] Ohri N,Khan M,Gupta N,et al.A study on the radiographic features of jaws and teeth in patients with thalassemia major using orthopantomograph[J].J Indian Acad Oral Medic Radiol,2015,27(3):343.
[13] Shaik S,Raviraj J,Dirasantchu S,et al.Ellis-van Creveld syndrome with unusual oral and dental findings:A rare clinical entity[J].Dent Res J (Isfahan),2016,13(2):193-197.
[14] Sashte A.Taurodontism[J].Guident,2015,8(1):28-29.
[15] Surendar MN,Pandey RK,Khanna R.Bilateral taurodontism in primary dentition with hypodontia[J/OL].BMJ Case Rep,(2013-01-22)[2018-01-10].https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3604311/.
[16] Colak H,Tan E,Bayraktar Y,et al.Taurodontism in a central anatolian population[J].Dent Res J (Isfahan),2013,10(2):260-263.
[17] Dharmani U,Jadhav GR,Kaur Dharmani K,et al.Karyotype,Pedigree and cone-beam computerized tomography analysis of a case of nonsyndromic pandental anomalies[J].J Nat Sci Biol Med,2015,6(2):468-471.
[18] Shaw JC.Taurodont teeth in South African races[J].J Anat,1928,62(Pt 4):476-498.
[19] Keene HJ.A Morphologic and biometric study of taurodontism in a contemporary population[J].Am J Phys Anthropol,1966,25:208-209.
[20] Feichtinger C,Rossiwall B.Taurodontism in human sex chromo-some aneuploidy[J].Arch Oral Biol,1977,22(5):327-329.
[21] Shifman A,Chanannel I.Prevalence of taurodontism found in radiographic dental examination of 1,200 young adult Israeli patients[J].Community Dent Oral Epidemiol,1978,6(4):200-203.
[22] Celikten B,Yalniz H,Huang Y.Endodontic management of taurodontism with a complex root canal anatomy in mandibular posterior teeth[J/OL].BMJ Case Rep,(2017-11-20)[2018-01-10].http://casereports.bmj.com/content/2017/bcr-2017-222563.long.
[23] Karthikeyan R,Shanmugasundaram K,Rajendran B.A case of unusual root morphology in primar first molar with single root and taurodontism[J].Guident,2016,9(3):58.
[24] Jamshidi D,Adl A,Sobhnamayan F,et al.Root canal treatment of a hypertaurodont mandibular second molar:a case report[J].J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects,2015,9(1):57-59.
[25] do Nascimento A,AF Marques A,Sponchiado-Júnior E,et al.Endodontic treatment of hypertaurodontic mandibular molar using reciprocating single-file system:a case report[J].Bull Tokyo Dent Coll,2016,57(2):83-89.
[26] 张杨.牛牙症患牙根管治疗的疗效探讨[J].广东牙病防治,2010,18(1):38-40.
[27] Tomov G,Vladimirov St.Taurodontism epidemiologic,genetic and clinical aspects (review)[J].Dentalna Medicina (in Bulgarian),2010,92(1):57-61.
[28] Mohan RP,Verma S,Agarwal N,et al.Taurodontism[J/OL].BMJ Case Rep,(2013-08-17)[2018-01-10].https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3644934/.
[29] 张文,张婧.下颌第二前磨牙牛牙症伴C型根管的显微治疗一例[J].中华口腔医学研究杂志(电子版),2014,8(3):249-251.
[30] Kosinski RW,Chaiyawat Y,Rosenberg L.Localized deficient root development associated with taurodontism:case report[J].Pediatr Dent,1999,21(3):213-215.
[31] Shifman A,Buchner A.Taurodontism :Report of sixteen cases in Israel[J].Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol,1976,41(3):400-405.
[32] Varrela J,Alvesalo L.Taurodontism in 47,XXY males:an effect of the extra X chromosome on root development[J].J Dent Res,1988,67(2):501-502.
[33] Metgud S,Metgud R,Rani K.Management of a patient with a taurodont,single-rooted molars associated with multiple dental anomalies:a spiral computerized tomography evaluation[J].Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod,2009,108(2):81-86.