无粘结相硬质合金研究进展与应用
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摘要
无粘结相硬质合金指以WC为主硬质相,粘结相Co或Ni含量低于质量分数为0.5%的WC基陶瓷材料。基于改善强韧性和抗氧化性,总结讨论了该类合金的成分和组织结构设计;也总结了其烧结方法和致密化机理、晶粒细化方法和机理及生产过程的控制难点;并指出该类合金及其应用的未来发展方向。
Binderless cemented carbide(BCC) is a WC-matrix ceramic material with WC as a main hard phase and<0.5 % Co or Ni binder. Based on the improvement of strength, toughness and oxidation resistance, the composition and microstructure design for BCC have been summarized and discussed. The sintering methods and densification mechanisms, grain refining methods and mechanisms, and difficulties in production control have been also detailedly summarized, and the future development for BCC and its application have been also guided.
Binderless cemented carbide(BCC) is a WC-matrix ceramic material with WC as a main hard phase and<0.5 % Co or Ni binder. Based on the improvement of strength, toughness and oxidation resistance, the composition and microstructure design for BCC have been summarized and discussed. The sintering methods and densification mechanisms, grain refining methods and mechanisms, and difficulties in production control have been also detailedly summarized, and the future development for BCC and its application have been also guided.
引文
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[2]KENEMITSU Y,NISHIMURA T,YOSHINO H,et al.Effect of hot isostatic pressing on binderless cemented carbide[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,1982,1(2):66-68.
[3]SHUSHI I.Ultrafine particle binderless cemented carbide.Metal Powder Report,1992,47(4):32-33.
[4]高建祥,范景莲.无粘结相WC基硬质合金研究进展[J].中国钨业,2011,26(6):22-26.GAO Jianxiang,FAN Jinglian.Research developments on the binderless WC-based cemented carbide[J].China Tungsten Industry,2011,26(6):22-26.
[5]刘超.无粘结相硬质合金的发展与展望[J].中国材料进展,2016,35(8):622-628.LIU Chao.The development and prospect of binderless carbide[J].Materials China,2016,35(8):622-628.
[6]Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS.Nanoscaled hardmetals and WC ceramics[EB/OL].IKTS-817-W-15-9-22.[2015-09-22].https://www.ikts.fraunhofer.de/zh.html.
[7]RICHTER V,RUTHENDORF M V.On hardness and toughness of ultrafine and nanocrystalline hard materials[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,1999,17(1/2/3):141-152.
[8]EL-ESKANDARANY M S.Fabrication of nanocrystalline WC and nanocomposite WC-MgO refractory materials at room temperature[J].Journal of Alloys Compounds,2000,296(1):175-182.
[9]ENGQVIST H,BOTTON G A,AXEN N,et al.Microstructure and abrasive wear of binderless carbides[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2004,83(10):2491-2496.
[10]KIM H C,OH D Y,JIANG G,SHON I J.Synthesis of WC and dense WC-5 vol.%Co hard materials by high frequency induction heated combustion[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2004,368(1/2):10-17.
[11]SUGIYAMA S,TAIMATSU H.Mechanical properties of WC-WB-W2B composites prepared by reaction sintering of B4C-W-WC powders[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2004,24(5):871-876.
[12]KIM H T,KIM J S,KWON Y S.Mechanical properties of binderless tungsten carbide by spark plasma sintering[C].Proceedings of the9th Russian-Korean International Symposium on Science and Technology,Korus:[s.n.],2005:458-461.
[13]KIM H C,YOON J K,DOH J M,et al.Rapid sintering process and mechanical properties of binderless ultra fine tungsten carbide[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2006,435/436(10):717-724.
[14]KIM H C,SHON I J,YOON J K.One step synthesis and densification of ultra-fine WC by high-frequency induction combustion[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2006,24(3):202-209.
[15]KIM H C,KIM D K,WOO K D,et al.Consolidation of binderless WC-TiC by high frequency induction heating sintering[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2008,26(1):48-54.
[16]KIM H C,PARK H K,JEONG I K.Sintering of binderless WC-Mo2C hard materials by rapid sintering process[J].Ceramics International,2008,34(6):1419-1423.
[17]SUGIYAMA S,KUDO D,TAIMATSU H.Preparation of WC-SiCwhisker composites by hot pressing and their mechanical properties[J].Materials Transactions Jim,2008,49(7):1644-1649.
[18]MUKHOPADHYAY A,CHAKRAVARTY D,BASU B.Spark plasmasintered WC-ZrO2-Co nanocomposites with high fracture toughness and strength[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2010,93(6):1754-1763.
[19]SUN S,KAN Y,ZHANG G.Fabrication of nanosized tungsten carbide ceramics by reactive spark plasma sintering[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2011,94(10):3230-3233.
[20]POETSCHKE J,RICHTER V,HOLKE R.Influence and effectivity of VC and Cr3C2grain growth inhibitors on sintering of binderless tungsten carbide[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2012,31(3):218-223.
[21]LIU C,NINO A,SUGIYAMA S,et al.Preparation of(W,Mo)C-SiC ceramics and their mechanical properties[J].Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy,2012,59(8):484-488.
[22]OUYANG C,ZHU S,QU H.VC and Cr3C2doped WC-MgOcompacts prepared by hot-pressing sintering[J].Materials and Design,2012,40:550-555.
[23]GRASSO S,POETSCHKE J,RICHTER V,et al.Low-temperature spark plasma sintering of pure nano WC powder[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2013,96(6):1702-1705.
[24]ZHENG D H,LI X Q,LI Y Y.ZrO2(3Y)toughened WC composites prepared by spark plasma sintering[J].Journal of Alloys&Compound,2013,572(36):62-67.
[25]ZHENG D H,LI X Q,LI Y Y.In-situ elongatedβ-Si3N4grains toughened WC composites prepared by one/two-step spark plasma sintering[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2013,561:445-451.
[26]REN X,PENG Z,PENG Y,et al.Ultrafine binderless WC-based cemented carbides with varied amounts of AlN nano-powder fabricated by spark plasma sintering[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2013,41:308-314.
[27]NINO A,TAKAHASHI N,SUGIYAMA S,et al.Effects of carbide grain growth inhibitors on the microstructures and mechanical properties of WC-SiC-Mo2C hard ceramics[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2014,43(3):150-156.
[28]KIM D,CHOI Y,KIM Y,et al.Characteristics of nanophase WCand WC-3 wt.%(Ni,Co,and Fe)alloys using a rapid sintering process for the application of frication stir processing tools[J].Advances in Materials Science and Engineering,2015,ID 343619:1-9.
[29]REN X,PENG Z,WANG C,et al.Influence of nano-sized La2O3addition on the sintering behavior and mechanical properties of WC-La2O3composites[J].Ceramics International,2015,41(10):14811-14818.
[30]REN X,PENG Z,WANG C,et al.Effect of ZrC nano-powder addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of binderless tungsten carbide fabricated by spark plasma sintering[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2015,48(1):398-407.
[31]SHON I J.Mechanical properties and rapid sintering of binderless nanostructured TiC and WC by high frequency induction heated sintering[J].Journal of Ceramic Processing Research,2016,17(7)(11):707-711.
[32]WANG J,ZUO D,ZHU L,et al.Effects and influence of Y2O3addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of binderless tungsten carbide fabricated by spark plasma sintering[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2018,71(11):167-174.
[33]TAIMATSU H,SUGIYAMA S,KOMATSU M.Effects of Cr3C2and V8C7on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-SiCwhisker ceramics[J].Materials Transactions,2009,50(10):2435-2440.
[34]HUANG S G,VANMEENSEL K,VAN DER BIEST O,et al.Binderless WC and WC-VC materials obtained by pulsed electric current sintering[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2008,26(1):41-47.
[35]GIRARDINI L,ZADRA M,CASARI F,A.Molinari.SPS,binderless WC powders,and the problem of sub carbide[J].Metal Powder Report,2008,63(4):18-22.
[36]ZHAO J,HOLLAND T,UNUVAR C,et al.Sparking plasma sintering of nanometric tungsten carbide[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2009,27(1):130-139.
[37]NINO A,TAKAHASHI K,SUGIYAMA S,et al.Effects of carbon addition on microstructures and mechanical properties of binderless tungsten carbide[J].Materials Transactions,2012,53(8):1475-1480.
[38]NINO A,MORIMURA K,SUGIYAMA S,et al.Effects of C and NbC additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of binderless WC ceramics[J].Key Engineering Materials,2017,749:205-210.
[39]ASADA N,YAMAMOTO Y,SHIMATANI K,et al.Particle size of fine grain WC by the‘continuous direct carburizing process’[J].Metal Powder Report,1990,45(1):60-64.
[40]DONG Y,ZHANG L,WANG C,et al.In situ reactive synthesis and plasma-activated sintering of binderless WC ceramics[J].Advances in Applied Ceramics,2017,116(5):267-271.
[41]EL-ESKANDARANY M S,SOLIMAN H M A,OMORIC M.Influence of nanocrystalline ZrO2additives on the fracture toughness and hardness of spark plasma activated sintered WC/ZrO2nanocomposites obtained by mechanical mixing method[J].Open Journal of Composite Materials,2012,2:1-7.
[42]VINITSKII I M.Relation between the properties of monocarbides of groups IV-V transition metals and their carbon content[J].Soviet Powder Metallurgy&Metal Ceramics,1972,11(6):488-493.
[43]ZACHARIEV Z.New superhard ternary borides in composite materials.Institute of Polymers,Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,Bulgaria.Edited by John Cuppoletti.Metal,Ceramic and Polymeric Composites for Various Uses,July 20,2011:61-77.
[44]WARD Jet.Waterjet university-precision and quality.WARDjet,Retrieved[EB/OL].[2017-02-10].https://wardjet.com/waterjet/university/precision-quality.
[45]CHEBOTAREVA N P,IL'CHENKO N I,GOLODETS G I.Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of hydrogen on carbides of transition metals of groups IV-VI[J].Theoretical&Experimental Chemistry,1977,12(2):154-162.
[46]UPADHYAYA G S.Cemented tungsten carbides:production,properties,and testing[M].Materials Science and Process Technology Series.Norwich:Noyes Publications,1998:18-19.
[47]GNESIN B A,GURZHIYANTS P A.Refsicoat heat resistant material and high-temperature electric heaters using said material:US6770856[P/OL].[2004-08-03].
[48]VOITOVICH V B,SVERDEL V V,VOITOVICH R F,et al.Oxidation of WC-Co,WC-Ni and WC-Co-Ni hard metals in the temperature range 500-800℃[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,1996,14(4):289-295.
[49]刘祥庆,林涛,郭志猛,等.无粘结剂硬质合金的研究进展[J].粉末冶金技术,2007,25(4):293-296.LIU Xiangqing,LIN Tao,GUO Zhimeng,et al.Research progress of binderless cemented carbide[J].Powder Metallurgy Technology,2007,25(4):293-296.
[50]李仁琼,刘铁梅.工艺参数对无粘结相硬质合金性能的影响[J].硬质合金,2005,22(1):23-26.LI Renqiong,LIU Tiemei.Effects of processing parameters on the properties of non-bond cemented carbide[J].Cemented Carbide,2005,22(1):23-26.
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