玉米籽粒收获机清选装置参数优化试验
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摘要
针对玉米籽粒直收过程中清选作业损失率高、籽粒含杂率高的问题,开展玉米籽粒收获机清选作业参数优化试验,探究整机作业工况下清选装置作业参数对籽粒损失率和含杂率的影响规律,得到清选作业参数最优组合,并进行田间验证试验。玉米籽粒收获机清选作业参数较优水平区间为风机转速800～1 000 r/min,振动频率6～8 Hz,上清选筛筛孔开度15～25 mm。清选作业籽粒含杂率最优作业参数组合为风机转速1 000 r/min,振动频率7 Hz,上清选筛筛孔开度20 mm;籽粒损失率最优作业参数组合为风机转速900 r/min,振动频率6 Hz,上清选筛筛孔开度20 mm;清选作业综合指标最优作业参数组合为风机转速900 r/min,振动频率7 Hz,上清选筛筛孔开度20 mm。得到玉米籽粒收获机清选作业籽粒含杂率、籽粒损失率和综合指标的回归模型,田间验证试验表明,籽粒含杂率相对误差为5. 56%,籽粒损失率相对误差为5. 10%,综合指标相对误差为4. 60%,最优作业参数组合表现良好,且回归模型可靠。
Cleaning is one of the most important working processes of corn kernel harvester. However,high loss and high impurity seriously restrict the effect of cleaning process. The impurity rate and loss rate were directly affected by working parameters of cleaning devices. So working parameters optimization experiment of cleaning devices was carried out by using corn kernel harvester. Fan speed,vibration frequency and opening degree of upper screen were selected as experiment factors. The better levels of three experiment factors were obtained by single factor experiment. The better levels of fan speed were ranged from 800 r/min to 1 000 r/min. The better levels of vibration frequency were ranged from 6 Hz to8 Hz. The better levels of opening degree of upper screen was ranged from 15 mm to 25 mm. Based on single factor experiment results,the optimal combination of three test factors and regression model were obtained by orthogonal experiment. The optimal factor combination of cleaning impurity rate was fan speed of 1 000 r/min,vibration frequency of 7 Hz,and opening degree of upper screen of 20 mm. The optimal factors combination of cleaning loss rate was fan speed of 900 r/min,vibration frequency of 6 Hz,and opening degree of upper screen of 20 mm. The optimal factor combination of cleaning comprehensive weighted index was fan speed of 900 r/min,vibration frequency of 7 Hz,and opening degree of upper screen of 20 mm. Three regression models were verified by field test. The relative error of regression model of cleaning impurity rate was 5. 56%. The relative error of regression model of cleaning loss rate was 5. 10%. The relative error of regression model of cleaning comprehensive weighted index was 4. 60%. The results showed that three regression models were reliable.
Cleaning is one of the most important working processes of corn kernel harvester. However,high loss and high impurity seriously restrict the effect of cleaning process. The impurity rate and loss rate were directly affected by working parameters of cleaning devices. So working parameters optimization experiment of cleaning devices was carried out by using corn kernel harvester. Fan speed,vibration frequency and opening degree of upper screen were selected as experiment factors. The better levels of three experiment factors were obtained by single factor experiment. The better levels of fan speed were ranged from 800 r/min to 1 000 r/min. The better levels of vibration frequency were ranged from 6 Hz to8 Hz. The better levels of opening degree of upper screen was ranged from 15 mm to 25 mm. Based on single factor experiment results,the optimal combination of three test factors and regression model were obtained by orthogonal experiment. The optimal factor combination of cleaning impurity rate was fan speed of 1 000 r/min,vibration frequency of 7 Hz,and opening degree of upper screen of 20 mm. The optimal factors combination of cleaning loss rate was fan speed of 900 r/min,vibration frequency of 6 Hz,and opening degree of upper screen of 20 mm. The optimal factor combination of cleaning comprehensive weighted index was fan speed of 900 r/min,vibration frequency of 7 Hz,and opening degree of upper screen of 20 mm. Three regression models were verified by field test. The relative error of regression model of cleaning impurity rate was 5. 56%. The relative error of regression model of cleaning loss rate was 5. 10%. The relative error of regression model of cleaning comprehensive weighted index was 4. 60%. The results showed that three regression models were reliable.
引文
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[16]王卓,车东,白晓平,等.玉米联合收获机清选损失监测装置设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(12):100-108.WANG Zhuo,CHE Dong,BAI Xiaoping,et al. Improvement and experiment of cleaning loss rate monitoring device for corn combine harvester[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(12):100-108. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20181212&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 12. 012.(in Chinese)
[17]张真,迟瑞娟,杜岳峰,等.基于CAN总线的玉米收获智能控制系统研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(增刊):275-281.ZHANG Zhen,CHI Ruijuan,DU Yuefeng,et al. Investigation on CAN-bus-based corn harvester intelligent control system[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(Supp.):275-281. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=2018s036&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298.2018. S0. 036.(in Chinese)
[18] GB/T 5262—2008农业机械试验条件、测定方法的一般规定[S]. 2008.
[19]任露泉.试验设计及其优化[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[20]程超,付君,陈志,等.收获机振动筛振动参数影响不同湿度脱出物黏附特性[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(8):29-36.CHENG Chao,FU Jun,CHEN Zhi,et al. Effect of vibration parameters of vibrating screen for harvester on adhesion characteristics of threshed mixtures with different moistures[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2019,35(8):29-36.(in Chinese)
[21]付乾坤,付君,陈志,等.秸秆捡拾打捆机振动去土作业参数优化[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(8):26-33.FU Qiankun,FU Jun,CHEN Zhi,et al. Optimization of working parameters on soil removal of stover pickup baler by vibration[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(8):26-33.(in Chinese)
[2]王建廷,李耀明,马征,等.玉米收获机械关键装置结构特点及发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2019,41(9):1-8.WANG Jianting,LI Yaoming,MA Zheng,et al. Structural characteristics and development trend of key equipment of corn harvesting machinery[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2019,41(9):1-8.(in Chinese)
[3]陈志.玉米全价值收获关键技术与装备[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[4]崔中凯,邸志峰,周进,等. 5TYS280玉米脱粒清选试验台的设计研究[J].农机化研究,2017,39(5):113-117.CUI Zhongkai,DI Zhifeng,ZHOU Jin,et al. Design and research on 5TYS280 corn threshing and cleaning test bench[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017,39(5):113-117.(in Chinese)
[5]王立军,李洋,梁昌,等.贯流风筛清选装置内玉米脱出物运动规律研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(9):122-127.WANG Lijun,LI Yang,LIANG Chang,et al. Motion law of maize mixture in cross air-and-screen cleaning device[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(9):122-127. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20150918&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2015. 09. 018.(in Chinese)
[6]王立军,马继卿,张传根,等.贯流风筛清选籽粒透筛模型研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2015,46(10):97-101.WANG Lijun,MA Jiqing,ZHANG Chuan'gen,et al. Study on the model of grain traversing the holes of the screen in cross airand-screen cleaning device[J]. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2015,46(10):97-101.(in Chinese)
[7] WANG L J,DING Z J,MENG S,et al. Kinematics and dynamics of a particle on a non-simple harmonic vibrating screen[J].Particuology,2017,32:167-177.
[8]樊晨龙,崔涛,张东兴,等.纵轴流联合收获机双层异向清选装置设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(增刊):239-248.FAN Chenlong,CUI Tao,ZHANG Dongxing,et al. Design and experiment of double-layered reverse cleaning device for axial flow combine harvester[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(Supp.):239-248. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=2018s032&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2018. S0. 032.(in Chinese)
[9]王启阳,吴文福,朱浩天.玉米螺旋式清选装置的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(20):12-19.WANG Qiyang,WU Wenfu,ZHU Haotian. Design and test of screw cleaning mechanism for corn[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(20):12-19.(in Chinese)
[10]张洪军,常传东,刘萌.基于Matlab玉米脱粒机清选机构优化设计[J].农机化研究,2018,40(8):102-106,111.ZHANG Hongjun,CHANG Chuandong,LIU Meng. Optimization design of cleaning mechanism in corn thresher based on Matlab[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2018,40(8):102-106,111.(in Chinese)
[11]郝俊发.玉米种子脱粒机清选装置的研究[D].北京:中国农业机械化科学研究院,2016.HAO Junfa. Research on cleaning device for corn seeds thresher[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences,2016.(in Chinese)
[12]王立军,张传根,丁振军.玉米收获机清选筛体结构优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(9):108-114.WANG Lijun,ZHANG Chuan'gen,DING Zhenjun. Structure optimization of cleaning screen for maize harvester[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(9):108-114. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20160916&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 09.016.(in Chinese)
[13]王立军,冯鑫,武振超,等.玉米联合收获机贯流风阶梯式振动筛设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(10):115-123.WANG Lijun,FENG Xin,WU Zhenchao,et al. Design and test of stepped vibrating screen with cross air for maize harvester[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(10):115-123. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20181013&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298.2018. 10. 013.(in Chinese)
[14]王立军,段良坤,郑招辉,等.三移动两转动振动筛驱动机构优化与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(6):138-145.WANG Lijun,DUAN Liangkun,ZHENG Zhaohui,et al. Optimization and experiment on driving mechanism of vibrating screen with three translations and two rotations[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(6):138-145. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20180616&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 06. 016.(in Chinese)
[15]王立军,彭博,宋慧强,等.玉米收获机聚氨酯橡胶筛筛分性能仿真与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(7):138-145.WANG Lijun,PENG Bo,SONG Huiqiang,et al. Cleaning of maize mixture based on polyurethane rubber sieve[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(7):138-145. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20180711&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 07.011.(in Chinese)
[16]王卓,车东,白晓平,等.玉米联合收获机清选损失监测装置设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(12):100-108.WANG Zhuo,CHE Dong,BAI Xiaoping,et al. Improvement and experiment of cleaning loss rate monitoring device for corn combine harvester[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(12):100-108. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20181212&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 12. 012.(in Chinese)
[17]张真,迟瑞娟,杜岳峰,等.基于CAN总线的玉米收获智能控制系统研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(增刊):275-281.ZHANG Zhen,CHI Ruijuan,DU Yuefeng,et al. Investigation on CAN-bus-based corn harvester intelligent control system[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(Supp.):275-281. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=2018s036&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298.2018. S0. 036.(in Chinese)
[18] GB/T 5262—2008农业机械试验条件、测定方法的一般规定[S]. 2008.
[19]任露泉.试验设计及其优化[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[20]程超,付君,陈志,等.收获机振动筛振动参数影响不同湿度脱出物黏附特性[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(8):29-36.CHENG Chao,FU Jun,CHEN Zhi,et al. Effect of vibration parameters of vibrating screen for harvester on adhesion characteristics of threshed mixtures with different moistures[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2019,35(8):29-36.(in Chinese)
[21]付乾坤,付君,陈志,等.秸秆捡拾打捆机振动去土作业参数优化[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(8):26-33.FU Qiankun,FU Jun,CHEN Zhi,et al. Optimization of working parameters on soil removal of stover pickup baler by vibration[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(8):26-33.(in Chinese)