核桃壳基硬碳负极电极材料的制备及性能研究
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摘要
以核桃壳为原料,经过热处理-酸洗-炭化3步制得核桃壳基硬碳,再进一步制得锂离子电池负极材料。通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、激光显微拉曼光谱仪、康塔吸附仪探究了温度对材料的表面形貌、物相结构以及孔径分布的影响。通过恒电流充放电测试考察了材料的电化学性能。结果表明,随着炭化温度的升高,材料的首次库伦效率增高,不可逆比容量却降低。当炭化温度为1 200℃时,材料的比表面积为10. 016 m2/g,首次库伦效率高达72. 5%,而首次充放电容量分别为429. 6 m Ah/g和592. 3 m Ah/g,并且能在大倍率充放电过程中保持优良的倍率性能。
Walnut shell is used as raw material to make walnut shell-based rigid carbon through heat treatment,acid washing and carbonization.Cathode material for lithium ion battery is prepared by using walnut shell-based rigid carbon.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffract(XRD),Raman spectroscopy,and nitrogen absorption and desorption are used to study the effects of temperature on the surface morphology,phase structure and pore size distribution of the material. The electrochemical properties of the material are tested by constant current charge and discharge.The results show that the initial Coulomb efficiency of the material increases and the irreversible specific capacity decreases as the carbonization temperature increases.When the carbonization temperature is set at 1 200℃,the specific surface area of the material is 10. 016 m2/g,the initial Coulomb efficiency is as high as 72. 5% and the first charge and discharge capacities are 429. 6 m Ah·g-1 and 592. 3 m Ah·g-1 respectively.This cathode material can remain excellent rate performance during high-rate charge and discharge.
Walnut shell is used as raw material to make walnut shell-based rigid carbon through heat treatment,acid washing and carbonization.Cathode material for lithium ion battery is prepared by using walnut shell-based rigid carbon.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffract(XRD),Raman spectroscopy,and nitrogen absorption and desorption are used to study the effects of temperature on the surface morphology,phase structure and pore size distribution of the material. The electrochemical properties of the material are tested by constant current charge and discharge.The results show that the initial Coulomb efficiency of the material increases and the irreversible specific capacity decreases as the carbonization temperature increases.When the carbonization temperature is set at 1 200℃,the specific surface area of the material is 10. 016 m2/g,the initial Coulomb efficiency is as high as 72. 5% and the first charge and discharge capacities are 429. 6 m Ah·g-1 and 592. 3 m Ah·g-1 respectively.This cathode material can remain excellent rate performance during high-rate charge and discharge.
引文
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[5]Candelaria S L,Shao Y,Zhou W,et al.Nanostructured carbon for energy storage and conversion[J].Nano Energy,2012,1(2):195-220.
[6]Shim J,Striebel K A.Electrochemical characterization of thermally oxidized natural graphite anodes in lithium-ion batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources,2007,164(2):862-867.
[7]Hameed A,Gondal M A.Production of hydrogen-rich syngas using p-type Ni O catalyst:A laser-based photocatalytic approach[J].Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical,2005,233(1):35-41.
[8]Jin H, Hong L, Huang X. Electrochemical behavior and microstructure variation of hard carbon nano-spherules as anode material for Li-ion batteries[J]. Solid State Ionics,2007,178(3):265-271.
[9]Zheng M,Liu Y,Xiao Y,et al.An easy catalyst-free hydrothermal method to prepare monodisperse carbon microspheres on a large scale[J].J Phys Chem C,2009,113(19):8455-8459.
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