汉语新诗用韵的基本类型
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摘要
汉语新诗有幸同时接受了中西诗歌的用韵传统,在百年创作实践中形成了传统型、现代型和无韵体三种基本韵式。传统型韵式偏重传统继承又有所改造,其新变表现为:由音数整齐诗行韵发展为音数参差诗行韵;由相隔一行押韵发展为相隔多行押韵;由同韵持续到底发展为有规律地换韵;由四行节偶行节韵发展为多行节奇行节韵。现代型韵式偏重西律借鉴又有所创新,其创新表现为:由韵式固定模式发展为韵式自由模式;由单用西诗韵式发展到杂用西诗韵式;由单独使用脚韵发展为多位诗韵并用;由使用同辙诗韵发展为采用近似辙韵。汉语新诗在借鉴欧洲无韵诗体基础上出新,出现了依据放松传统音律来建构音律的无韵诗、依据词语同音堆集来建构音律的无韵诗和依据对等复现原则来建构音律的无韵诗。
Chinese new poetry has been fortunate to accept both Chinese and Western poetry' s tradition of using rhyme, and has formed three basic rhymes of traditional type, modern type and unrhymed type in the 100-year creative practice. The traditional rhyme style emphasizes the traditional inheritance and reform, and its new changes are as follows. The neat poetry line rhyme is developed into the mixed poetry line rhyme and the rhymes separated by one line is developed into rhymes separated by multiple lines. The same rhyme is developed into the regular change of rhyme, and four-line stanzas with even-numbered line rhymes are developed into multi-line stanzas with odd-numbered line rhymes. The modern rhyme style emphasizes the Western rhyme and also has some innovations. Its innovations manifest themselves as follows. The rhyme mode is developed into a free rhyme mode. The single use of Western poetry rhyme is developed into the miscellaneous Western poetry rhymes. The use of the foot rhyme is developed into the multi rhymes. Besides, the use of the same rut rhyme is developed into the similar rut rhymes. By drawing on the European non-rhyme style, Chinese new poetry has been innovated. There appear the non-rhyme poems based on the relaxation of the traditional rhythm, the non-rhyme poems based on the lexical homophones, and the non-rhyme poems based on the principle of equivalence and repetition.
Chinese new poetry has been fortunate to accept both Chinese and Western poetry' s tradition of using rhyme, and has formed three basic rhymes of traditional type, modern type and unrhymed type in the 100-year creative practice. The traditional rhyme style emphasizes the traditional inheritance and reform, and its new changes are as follows. The neat poetry line rhyme is developed into the mixed poetry line rhyme and the rhymes separated by one line is developed into rhymes separated by multiple lines. The same rhyme is developed into the regular change of rhyme, and four-line stanzas with even-numbered line rhymes are developed into multi-line stanzas with odd-numbered line rhymes. The modern rhyme style emphasizes the Western rhyme and also has some innovations. Its innovations manifest themselves as follows. The rhyme mode is developed into a free rhyme mode. The single use of Western poetry rhyme is developed into the miscellaneous Western poetry rhymes. The use of the foot rhyme is developed into the multi rhymes. Besides, the use of the same rut rhyme is developed into the similar rut rhymes. By drawing on the European non-rhyme style, Chinese new poetry has been innovated. There appear the non-rhyme poems based on the relaxation of the traditional rhythm, the non-rhyme poems based on the lexical homophones, and the non-rhyme poems based on the principle of equivalence and repetition.
引文
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(1)[法]马蒂兰·东多《最初的英语自由诗》,最初发表在《法国评论》(1934),转引自李国辉的译文。
[2]朱光潜.诗论[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1984.
[3]陈本益.中外诗歌与诗学论集[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版社,2002.
[4]程文,程雪峰.汉语新诗格律学[M].香港:香港雅园出版社,2000.
[5]刘延陵.法国诗之象征主义与自由诗[J].诗,1922,1(4).
[6]穆木天.谭诗[J].创造月刊,1926,1(1).
[7]李广田.论卞之琳的《十年诗草》[M]//诗的艺术.上海:上海开明书店,1944.
[8]劳·坡林.怎样欣赏英美诗歌[M].殷宝书,译.北京:北京出版社,1985.
[9]屠岸.吴钧陶诗歌的视野——《幻影》序[M]//吴钧陶.幻影——吴钧陶诗和译诗集.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2001.
[10]王力.现代诗律学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004.
[11]卞之琳.新诗和西方诗[M]//人与诗:忆旧说新.北京:三联书店,1984.
[12]周云鹏.十四行体汉语化发展态势论[J].鄂州大学学报,2001(1):37-41.
[13]田汉,郭沫若,宗白华.三叶集[M].合肥:安徽教育出版社,2006.
[14]周作人.古文学[M]//自己的园地.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2002.
[15]江弱水.卞之琳诗艺研究[M].合肥:安徽教育出版社,2000.
[16]罗吉·福勒.现代西方文学批评术语词典[M].袁德成,译.成都:四川人民出版社,1987.
(1)[法]马蒂兰·东多《最初的英语自由诗》,最初发表在《法国评论》(1934),转引自李国辉的译文。