不同冬种模式对稻田土壤碳库管理指数的影响
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摘要
长江中下游地区是我国水稻生产的重要基地,在保障我国粮食安全中占有重要地位,但该地区农田可持续性不高,稻田冬季利用率较低。本研究通过探讨不同冬季种植模式对土壤质量的影响,为冬闲田合理开发利用,提高稻田可持续性提供理论依据。设置5种冬种模式,分别为冬季休闲、冬种紫云英、冬种油菜、冬种大蒜和冬季轮作(马铃薯、紫云英、油菜)模式,通过测定不同土层土壤养分、土壤有机碳、活性有机碳和微生物生物量碳等,进一步分析不同冬种模式的土壤碳库管理指数及其综合效应。结果表明,在0～30 cm稻田土壤,与冬闲处理相比,不同冬季种植模式土壤有机碳提高6.12%～7.17%、活性有机碳提高13.56%～20.76%、微生物生物量碳提高0.13%～14.34%、可溶性有机碳提高3.49%～19.15%,土壤活性有机碳有效率提高6.74%～17.20%,冬季轮作(马铃薯、紫云英、油菜)模式能显著促进稻田土壤总有机碳及可溶性有机碳的积累;不同冬种模式提高了稻田土壤碳库活度指数和碳库指数,并且土壤碳库管理指数增加14.37%～27.29%。土壤有机碳与活性有机碳呈极显著相关(P<0.01),土壤碳库管理指数与总有机碳呈显著相关(P<0.05)、与活性有机碳间存在极显著(P<0.01)的相关性。对土壤碳库管理指数影响因素的灰色关联度综合分析表明,冬季轮作(马铃薯、紫云英、油菜)模式排名第1。可见,不同冬季种植模式能增加土壤有机碳含量和提高土壤碳库管理指数,冬季轮作(马铃薯、紫云英、油菜)模式的综合评价最好,其次为冬种大蒜模式。
The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region is an important base for rice production in China, which plays an important role in ensuring China's food security. However, the utilization rate of paddy field resources in winter was not high in this area. In this study, the effects of different winter planting patterns on soil quality were discussed, which would contribute to the rational development and utilization of winter fallow fields and provide theoretical basis for improving the sustainability of paddy fields. Five winter cropping modes were set up, including winter fallow, winter Chinese vetch, winter rape, winter garlic and winter rotation(potato, Chinese milk vetch, rape). Soil carbon pool management index and comprehensive evaluation of different winter cropping modes were further analyzed by measuring nutrients, organic carbon, active organic carbon, and microbial biomass carbon in different soil layers. The results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon, soluble organic carbon and active organic carbon in different winter planting patterns were increased to a certain extent in the depth of 0?30 cm paddy field, compared with those in winter fallow treatment. Among them,soil organic carbon increased by 6.12%?7.17%, active organic carbon increased by 13.56%?20.76%, microbial biomass carbon increased by 0.13%?14.34%, soluble organic carbon increased by 3.49%?19.15%, and soil active organic carbon efficiency increased by 6.74%?17.20%. Winter rotation(potato, Chinese milk vetch, rape) could significantly promote the accumulation of total organic carbon and soluble organic carbon in paddy soil. Different winter patterns increased soil carbon pool activity index and carbon pool index, and soil carbon pool management index increased by 14.37%?27.29%. Soil organic carbon was significantly correlated with active organic carbon(P < 0.01); soil carbon pool management index was significantly correlated with total organic carbon(P < 0.05), and there was a significant correlation between soil organic carbon and active organic carbon(P < 0.01). It can be seen that different winter planting patterns can increase soil organic carbon content and improve soil carbon pool management index. The winter rotation(potato, Chinese milk vetch, rape) pattern has the best comprehensive effect, followed by winter garlic planting pattern.
The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region is an important base for rice production in China, which plays an important role in ensuring China's food security. However, the utilization rate of paddy field resources in winter was not high in this area. In this study, the effects of different winter planting patterns on soil quality were discussed, which would contribute to the rational development and utilization of winter fallow fields and provide theoretical basis for improving the sustainability of paddy fields. Five winter cropping modes were set up, including winter fallow, winter Chinese vetch, winter rape, winter garlic and winter rotation(potato, Chinese milk vetch, rape). Soil carbon pool management index and comprehensive evaluation of different winter cropping modes were further analyzed by measuring nutrients, organic carbon, active organic carbon, and microbial biomass carbon in different soil layers. The results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon, soluble organic carbon and active organic carbon in different winter planting patterns were increased to a certain extent in the depth of 0?30 cm paddy field, compared with those in winter fallow treatment. Among them,soil organic carbon increased by 6.12%?7.17%, active organic carbon increased by 13.56%?20.76%, microbial biomass carbon increased by 0.13%?14.34%, soluble organic carbon increased by 3.49%?19.15%, and soil active organic carbon efficiency increased by 6.74%?17.20%. Winter rotation(potato, Chinese milk vetch, rape) could significantly promote the accumulation of total organic carbon and soluble organic carbon in paddy soil. Different winter patterns increased soil carbon pool activity index and carbon pool index, and soil carbon pool management index increased by 14.37%?27.29%. Soil organic carbon was significantly correlated with active organic carbon(P < 0.01); soil carbon pool management index was significantly correlated with total organic carbon(P < 0.05), and there was a significant correlation between soil organic carbon and active organic carbon(P < 0.01). It can be seen that different winter planting patterns can increase soil organic carbon content and improve soil carbon pool management index. The winter rotation(potato, Chinese milk vetch, rape) pattern has the best comprehensive effect, followed by winter garlic planting pattern.
引文
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[2]谭淑豪.南方冬闲田季节性规模经营模式分析[J].农业经济问题,2010,(5):62-65TAN S H.The strategic significance of developing winter fallow farmland in southern China and seasonal scale management mode and development strategy[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2010,(5):62-65
[3]VIEIRA F C B,BAYER C,ZANATTA J A,et al.Carbon management index based on physical fractionation of soil organic matter in an Acrisol under long-term no-till cropping systems[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2007,96(1/2):195-204
[4]PANDEY D,AGRAWAL M,SINGH BOHRA J,et al.Recalcitrant and labile carbon pools in a sub-humid tropical soil under different tillage combinations:A case study of rice-wheat system[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2014,143:116-122
[5]张丽莉,武志杰,陈利军,等.不同种植制度土壤氧化还原酶活性和动力学特征[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(1):343-347ZHANG L L,WU Z J,CHEN L J,et al.Soil oxidoreductase activity and its kinetic characteristics under different cropping system[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2009,18(1):343-347
[6]黄国勤,熊云明,钱海燕,等.稻田轮作系统的生态学分析[J].生态学报,2006,26(1):1159-1164HUANG G Q,XIONG Y M,QIAN H Y,et al.Ecological analysis on crop rotation systems of paddy field[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(1):1159-1164
[7]杨滨娟,黄国勤,兰延,等.施氮和冬种绿肥对土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(10):2907-2913YANG B J,HUANG G Q,LAN Y,et al.Effects of nitrogen application and winter green manure on soil active organic carbon and the soil carbon pool management index[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(10):2907-2913
[8]唐海明,程凯凯,肖小平,等.不同冬季覆盖作物对双季稻田土壤有机碳的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(2):465-473TANG H M,CHENG K K,XIAO X P,et al.Effects of different winter cover crops on soil organic carbon in a double cropping rice paddy field[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(2):465-473
[9]杨滨娟,黄国勤,王超,等.稻田冬种绿肥对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(10):1209-1216YANG B J,HUANG G Q,WANG C,et al.Effects of winter green manure cultivation on rice yield and soil fertility in paddy field[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(10):1209-1216
[10]劳秀荣,孙伟红,王真,等.秸秆还田与化肥配合施用对土壤肥力的影响[J].土壤学报,2003,40(4):618-623LAO X R,SUN W H,WANG Z,et al.Effect of matching use of straw and chemical fertilizer on soil fertility[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2003,40(4):618-623
[11]LIU E K,YAN C R,MEI X R,et al.Long-term effect of chemical fertilizer,straw,and manure on soil chemical and biological properties in northwest China[J].Geoderma,2010,158(3/4):173-180
[12]THAKURIA D,TALUKDAR N C,GOSWAMI C,et al.Evaluation of rice-legume-rice cropping system on grain yield,nutrient uptake,nitrogen fixation,and chemical,physical,and biological properties of soil[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2009,45(3):237-251
[13]徐明岗,于荣,王伯仁.长期不同施肥下红壤活性有机质与碳库管理指数变化[J].土壤学报,2006,43(5):723-729XU M G,YU R,WANG B R.Labile organic matter and carbon management index in red soil under long-term fertilization[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2006,43(5):723-729
[14]VANCE E D,BROOKES P C,JENKINSON D S.An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1987,19(6):703-707
[15]韩琳,张玉龙,金烁,等.灌溉模式对保护地土壤可溶性有机碳与微生物量碳的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(8):1625-1633HAN L,ZHANG Y L,JIN S,et al.Effect of different irrigation patterns on soil dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon in protected field[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(8):1625-1633
[16]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:146-195LU R K.The Analysis Methods of Soils and Agrochemistry[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000:146-195
[17]邓聚龙.灰色系统基本方法[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2005DENG J L.The Primary Methods of Grey System Theory[M].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,2005
[18]张鹏,徐长林,张建文,等.不同扁蓿豆种质在甘肃天祝高寒地区的农艺性状表现[J].草业科学,2018,35(8):1948-1958ZHANG P,XU C L,ZHANG J W,et al.Agronomic traits of different Medicago ruthenica germplasms in the Tianzhu alpine region of Gansu Province[J].Pratacultural Science,2018,35(8):1948-1958
[19]马强,刘中良,周桦,等.不同施肥模式对作物-土壤系统养分收支的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(3):520-524MA Q,LIU Z L,ZHOU H,et al.Effect of different fertilization modes on nutrients budget of crop-soil system[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(3):520-524
[20]唐海明,孙国峰,肖小平,等.轮耕对双季稻田土壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾质量分数及水稻产量的影响[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(3):420-424TANG H M,SUN G F,XIAO X P,et al.Effects of rotational tillage treatments on soil total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and grain yield of rice in double-rice cropping field[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2011,20(3):420-424
[21]王琴,潘兹亮,吕玉虎,等.紫云英绿肥对土壤养分的影响[J].草原与草坪,2011,31(1):58-60WANG Q,PAN Z L,LYU Y H,et al.Effects of ploughing down Astragalus sinicus on soil nutrients[J].Grassland and Turf,2011,31(1):58-60
[22]ZENG Y H,WU J F,HE H,et al.Soil carbon pool management index under different straw retention regimes[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2012,(4):818-822
[23]肖小平,唐海明,聂泽民,等.冬季覆盖作物残茬还田对双季稻田土壤有机碳和碳库管理指数的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(10):1202-1208XIAO X P,TANG H M,NIE Z M,et al.Effects of winter cover crop straw recycling on soil organic carbon and soil carbon pool management index in paddy fields[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(10):1202-1208
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