基于GIS的新乡市1966—2016年日照时数时空分布特征及影响因子
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摘要
为研究新乡市日照时数的时空变化特征及影响因子,本研究利用新乡市7个气象站1966—2016年逐月日照时数、总云量、水汽压、平均风速、降水量和相对湿度资料,采用线性趋势分析、t检验等方法,结合GIS技术,分析日照时数的时间变化趋势及空间分布特征,对年日照时数进行突变检验,并分析5个气象要素对日照时数的影响。结果表明:1966—2016年,新乡市年日照时数呈显著减少趋势,其中夏季日照时数下降最明显,春季下降速率最小,年日照时数在1983年和1999年附近发生突变;日照时数总体呈"中间多南北少"的空间分布特点,且京广线以东地区偏多;年日照时数与总云量、水汽压呈极显著负相关,与平均风速呈极显著正相关,与降水量和相对湿度年的变化无明显相关性。
The paper aims to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of sunshine hours and their influencing factors in Xinxiang. Based on the monthly data of sunshine hours, total cloud amount, surface vapor pressure, average wind speed, precipitation and relative humidity of 7 meteorological stations in Xinxiang from 1966 to 2016, the authors analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of sunshine hours, did the mutation test and assessed the effects of 5 meteorological factors on sunshine hours by using the linear trend, t test combined with GIS. The results showed that: the annual sunshine hours in Xinxiang reduced significantly from 1966 to 2016, among them, the most obvious decline happened in summer and the decline rate of sunshine hours in spring was the lowest; the annual sunshine hours had mutation in 1983 and 1999; in general, the spatial distribution of sunshine hours in the middle of Xinxiang was more than that in the north and south, and that of the east of the Beijing-Guangzhou line was much higher; there was a significant negative correlation between the annual sunshine hours and cloud amount as well as surface vapor pressure; there was a significant positive correlation between the annual sunshine hours and the average wind speed; there was no significant correlation between the annual sunshine hours and precipitation and relative humidity.
The paper aims to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of sunshine hours and their influencing factors in Xinxiang. Based on the monthly data of sunshine hours, total cloud amount, surface vapor pressure, average wind speed, precipitation and relative humidity of 7 meteorological stations in Xinxiang from 1966 to 2016, the authors analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of sunshine hours, did the mutation test and assessed the effects of 5 meteorological factors on sunshine hours by using the linear trend, t test combined with GIS. The results showed that: the annual sunshine hours in Xinxiang reduced significantly from 1966 to 2016, among them, the most obvious decline happened in summer and the decline rate of sunshine hours in spring was the lowest; the annual sunshine hours had mutation in 1983 and 1999; in general, the spatial distribution of sunshine hours in the middle of Xinxiang was more than that in the north and south, and that of the east of the Beijing-Guangzhou line was much higher; there was a significant negative correlation between the annual sunshine hours and cloud amount as well as surface vapor pressure; there was a significant positive correlation between the annual sunshine hours and the average wind speed; there was no significant correlation between the annual sunshine hours and precipitation and relative humidity.
引文
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[2]何彬方,冯妍,荀尚培,等.安徽省50年日照时数的变化特征及影响因素[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(7):1275-1285.
[3]张山清,普宗朝,李景林.近50年新疆日照时数时空变化分析[J].地理学报,2013,68(11):1481-1492.
[4]董旭光,邱粲,刘焕彬,等.山东省日照时数的气候变化特征及其影响因素[J].中国农业气象,2013,34(2):138-145.
[5]刘强吉,武胜利,房靓,等.1961-2013年巴州地区日照时数变化特征分析[J].气象与环境学报,2016,32(2):79-88.
[6]郭艳凌,邱新法,张素云.1965-2005年河北日照时数空间分布特征及影响因子[J].干旱气象,2010,28(3):297-303.
[7]辛宏,张明军,李瑞雪,等.1961-2003年兰州市日照时数的变化特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(10):82-86.
[8]吴昊旻,廖良清.浙江省日照时数时空分布特征[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(32):294-298.
[9]张万诚,郑建萌,马涛.1961-2010年云南日照资源的时空分布及年代际变化研究[J].资源科学,2013,35(11):2281-2288.
[10]向亮,胡波,谷永利.1961-2010年河北省日照变化分析[J].干旱区研究,2012,29(3):503-509.
[11]贾金明,吴建河,徐巧真,等.河南日照变化特征及成因分析[J].气象科技,2007,35(5):62-66.
[12]虞海燕,刘树华,赵娜,等.我国近59年日照时数变化特征及其与温度、风速、降水的关系[J].气候与环境研究,2011,16(3):389-398.
[13]魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,1999:42-47.
[14]贺俊杰,黄凤茹.锡林浩特市日照时数的气候变化特征分析[J].中国农业气象,2012,33(3):333-339.
[15]辛宏,张明军,李瑞雪,等.近50年中国天山日照时数空间变化及其影响因素[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(3):485-491.
[16]Stanhill G,Cohen S.Global dimming A review of the evidence for a widespread and significant reduction in global radiation with discussion of its probable causes and possible agricultural consequence[J].Agricul Forest Meteor,2001,107(4):255-278.
[17]赵东,罗勇,高歌,等.1961年至2007年中国日照的演变及其关键气候特征[J].资源科学,2010,32(4):701-711.
[18]伍红雨,杜尧东,潘蔚娟.近48年华南日照时数的变化特征[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2011,50(6):120-124.
[19]彭云峰,王琼.近50年福建省日照时数的变化特征及其影响因素[J].中国农业气象,2011,32(3):350-355.
[20]王钊,彭燕,白爱娟,等.近60年西安日照时数变化特征及其影响因子分析[J].高原气象,2012,31(1):185-192.
[21]焦建丽,康雯瑛,王军,等.河南省日照时数的时空变化分析[J].气象与环境科学,2008(31):4-6.