饮用磁化水对饲喂颗粒日粮绵羊消化代谢的影响
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摘要
为研究饮用磁化水对饲喂颗粒日粮绵羊消化代谢的影响,本研究设计了2个试验:试验1:选取4只约1.5岁、体重(44.7±1.8)kg的小尾寒羊公羊,采用4×4拉丁方设计,每期每只羊分别饲喂粉碎日粮(处理1)、粉碎日粮+磁化水(处理2)、颗粒日粮(处理3)及颗粒日粮+磁化水(处理4),研究饲喂粉碎、颗粒两种日粮条件下饮用磁化水对绵羊自由采食和消化代谢的影响;试验2:选取6只约1.5岁、体重(46.3±2.1)kg的小尾寒羊空怀母羊,采用3×3拉丁方设计,每期每组饲喂相同的颗粒日粮,处理1:自由采食;处理2:在自由采食条件下饮用磁化水;处理3:在限饲(相当于处理1的喂量)条件下饮用磁化水,研究饮用磁化水时限饲对绵羊消化代谢的影响。结果显示:(1)在试验1中,饮用磁化水组绵羊的干物质自由采食量,干物质、粗蛋白质和总能表观消化率及氮保留量较饲喂粉碎日粮时分别提高14.7%(P<0.05)、2.6%(P>0.05)、2.2%(P>0.05)、2.2%(P>0.05)和22.7%(P<0.01);在饲喂颗粒日粮时分别提高14.3%(P<0.05)、4.2%(P<0.05)、4.8%(P<0.05)、6.0%(P<0.01)和14.2%(P<0.05)。(2)在试验2中,饮用磁化水时限饲母羊的干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、纤维素、半纤维素、不可酶解纤维素和半纤维素、总能表观消化率及氮保留量较自由采食时分别提高19.1%、19.0%、9.7%、18.4%、16.2%、341.5%、226.7%、17.4%和14.8%,均差异极显著(P<0.01)。综上所述,在饲喂颗粒日粮的基础上饮用磁化水时,绵羊干物质自由采食量可进一步提高;自由采食条件下饮用磁化水不影响饲喂粉碎日粮绵羊日粮消化率,但可提高饲喂颗粒日粮绵羊干物质、粗蛋白质和能量的表观消化率,且氮保留量显著增加;限饲条件下饮用磁化水可显著提高饲喂颗粒日粮绵羊日粮营养物质消化率。
In order to explore the effects of drinking magnetized water(DMW)on the digestion and metabolism of sheep fed with pellet diet,two experiments were designed in this study.In experiment 1:Four 1.5-year-old Small-tail Han ram with(44.7±1.8)kg body weight were selected and assigned to 4groups by 4×4Latin square design,in which they were fed with ground diet(treatment 1),ground diet+DWM(treatment 2),pellet diet(treatment 3)and pellet diet+DMW(treatment 4),respectively,to study the effect of DMW on the voluntary intake,digestion and metabolism of sheep fed with the ground and pellet diets.In experiment 2:Six 1.5-year-old non-pregnant Small-tail Han ewe with(46.3±2.1)kg body weight were selected and divided into3 groups by 3×3Latin square design,in which all of sheep were fed with pellet diet with voluntary intake(treatment 1),voluntary intake+DMW(treatment 2)and restricted feeding+DMW(treatment 3),respectively,to study on the effects of DMW on the digestion and metabolism of sheep with restricted feeding.The results showed that:(1)In experiment 1,the dry matter voluntary intake,apparent digestibility of the dry matter,crude protein and energy,and nitrogen retention of ram with DMW were increased by 14.7%(P<0.05),2.6%(P>0.05),2.2%(P>0.05),2.2%(P>0.05)and 22.7%(P<0.01),respectively,when fed with ground diet;And that were increased by 14.3%(P<0.05),4.2%(P<0.05),4.8%(P<0.05),6.0%(P<0.01)and 14.2%(P<0.05),respectively,when fed with pellet diet.(2)In experiment 2,the apparent digestibility of the dry matter,organic matter,crude protein,cellulose,hemicellulose,non-enzyme-hydrolyzable cellulose and hemicellulose,energy and nitrogen retention of feeding-restricted ewe with DMW were increased by 19.1%,19.0%,9.7%,18.4%,16.2%,341.5%,226.7%,17.4% and 14.8%(P<0.01),respectively,compared with the ewe that had voluntary intake.It was concluded that under the circumstance of voluntary intake of sheep increased by feeding pellet diet,it would be increased further by DMW;Under the circumstance of voluntary intake,DMW did not affect the digestibility of sheep fed with ground diet but increased the digestibility of dry matter,crude protein and energy and nitrogen retention of sheep fed with pellet diet;In restricted feeding,the nutrients digestibility of sheep was significantly increased by DMW.
In order to explore the effects of drinking magnetized water(DMW)on the digestion and metabolism of sheep fed with pellet diet,two experiments were designed in this study.In experiment 1:Four 1.5-year-old Small-tail Han ram with(44.7±1.8)kg body weight were selected and assigned to 4groups by 4×4Latin square design,in which they were fed with ground diet(treatment 1),ground diet+DWM(treatment 2),pellet diet(treatment 3)and pellet diet+DMW(treatment 4),respectively,to study the effect of DMW on the voluntary intake,digestion and metabolism of sheep fed with the ground and pellet diets.In experiment 2:Six 1.5-year-old non-pregnant Small-tail Han ewe with(46.3±2.1)kg body weight were selected and divided into3 groups by 3×3Latin square design,in which all of sheep were fed with pellet diet with voluntary intake(treatment 1),voluntary intake+DMW(treatment 2)and restricted feeding+DMW(treatment 3),respectively,to study on the effects of DMW on the digestion and metabolism of sheep with restricted feeding.The results showed that:(1)In experiment 1,the dry matter voluntary intake,apparent digestibility of the dry matter,crude protein and energy,and nitrogen retention of ram with DMW were increased by 14.7%(P<0.05),2.6%(P>0.05),2.2%(P>0.05),2.2%(P>0.05)and 22.7%(P<0.01),respectively,when fed with ground diet;And that were increased by 14.3%(P<0.05),4.2%(P<0.05),4.8%(P<0.05),6.0%(P<0.01)and 14.2%(P<0.05),respectively,when fed with pellet diet.(2)In experiment 2,the apparent digestibility of the dry matter,organic matter,crude protein,cellulose,hemicellulose,non-enzyme-hydrolyzable cellulose and hemicellulose,energy and nitrogen retention of feeding-restricted ewe with DMW were increased by 19.1%,19.0%,9.7%,18.4%,16.2%,341.5%,226.7%,17.4% and 14.8%(P<0.01),respectively,compared with the ewe that had voluntary intake.It was concluded that under the circumstance of voluntary intake of sheep increased by feeding pellet diet,it would be increased further by DMW;Under the circumstance of voluntary intake,DMW did not affect the digestibility of sheep fed with ground diet but increased the digestibility of dry matter,crude protein and energy and nitrogen retention of sheep fed with pellet diet;In restricted feeding,the nutrients digestibility of sheep was significantly increased by DMW.
引文
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[2]王洪才.日粮制粒对绵羊利用玉米秸秆的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(11):5003-5004.WANG H C.Effects of diet pelleting on corn stalk usage by sheep[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(11):5003-5004.(in Chinese)
[3]FAICHNEY G J,GHERARDI S G.Relationships between organic-matter digestibility,dry-matter intake and solute mean retention times in sheep given a ground and pelleted diet[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,1986,106(2):219-222.
[4]雒秋江,刘娜娜,杨开伦,等.饮用磁处理水对小尾寒羊母羊消化代谢的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2008,31(1):67-70.LUO Q J,LIU N N,YANG K L,et al.Effects of the magnetic-treated water on digestion and metabolism of Small-tail Han ewes[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2008,31(1):67-70.(in Chinese)
[5]YACOUT M H.Effect of magnetic water on the performance of lactating goats[J].Journal of Dairy Veterinary&Animal Research,2015,2(5):1-14.
[6]程志泽,雒秋江,黄振,等.饮用磁化水对羔羊生长性能、消化代谢和屠宰性能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(5):1201-1207.CHENG Z Z,LUO Q J,HUANG Z,et al.Effects of drinking magnetized water on the growth performance,digestion metabolism and slaughter performance of lamb[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2016,43(5):1201-1207.(in Chinese)
[7]金长江,刘勇,白士刚.水磁化后对紫外线光吸收率的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2004,35(4):484-487.JIN C J,LIU Y,BAI S G.The effect of magnetical water on the absorbing rate of ultraviolet ray[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2004,35(4):484-487.(in Chinese)
[8]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].第2版.北京:中国农业出版社,1993.YANG S.Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Testing Technology[M].2nd Edition.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1993.(in Chinese)
[9]傅启高,雒秋江.用邻-甲酚酞比色法测定饲料中钙含量的研究[J].动物营养学报,1996,8(3):25-30.FU Q G,LUO Q J.Determination of feed calcium contents by o-cresolphthalein complexone colorimetry[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,1996,8(3):25-30.(in Chinese)
[10]李华,雒秋江,孔新刚,等.用酸解和酶解改良粗饲料中纤维类物质测定方法的研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2008,31(2):6-11.LI H,LUO Q J,KONG X G,et al.Improvement on the determination of fiber materials in roughage by the acid and enzymic hydrolysis[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2008,31(2):6-11.(in Chinese)
[11]MASON V C.Factors influencing faecal nitrogen excretion in sheep.1.The digestibility and level of intake of pelleted diets[J].Zeitschrift Für Tierphysiologie Tierernhrung Und Futtermittelkunde,1981,45(4):161-173.
[12]韩正康,陈杰.反刍动物瘤胃的消化和代谢[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.HAN Z K,CHEN J.Ruminal Digestion and Metabolism of Ruminants[M].Beijing:Science Press,1988.(in Chinese)
[13]MCDONALD C L,ROWE J B,GITTINS S P,et al.Feed additives for attracting sheep to eat a pelleted diet during assembly for live export[J].Animal Production Science,1988,28(6):719-723.
[14]董凌云,雒秋江,潘超,等.饲喂颗粒日粮对妊娠母羊采食和消化代谢的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(6):77-84.DONG L Y,LUO Q J,PAN C,et al.Effect of feeding pellet diets on intake,digestion and metabolism of pregnant ewes[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2014,41(6):77-84.(in Chinese)
[15]周封文,雒秋江,陈勇,等.饲喂秸秆颗粒日粮对绵羊瘤胃和整体消化代谢的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2013,36(5):345-351.ZHOU F W,LUO Q J,CHEN Y,et al.Effects of feeding the pelletized corn stalk diet on the digestion and metabolism of the rumen and whole body in sheep[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2013,36(5):345-351.(in Chinese)
[16]李维东,雒秋江,王选,等.饲喂粉碎和颗粒日粮条件下添喂气溶胶OT对绵羊采食和消化代谢的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2014,37(6):431-434.LI W D,LUO Q J,WANG X,et al.Effects of the feeding pellet diet and supplementing aerosol OT on the intake,digestion and metabolism of sheep[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2014,37(6):431-434.(in Chinese)
[17]张红岗,史卫平,王富中.颗粒化全混合日粮对舍饲羔羊生产性能的影响[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(5):471-473.ZHANG H G,SHI W P,WANG F Z.Granular total mixed rations on the performance of confined lambs[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(5):471-473.(in Chinese)
[18]崔建华.全价颗粒饲料与传统精、粗料混合饲喂技术对肉羊育肥效果的对比试验[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2016,37(4):38-39.CUI J H.Comparison of effects of feeding complete pellet feed and traditional feeding method with mixture of concentrate and roughage on growth of fattening lambs[J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2016,37(4):38-39.(in Chinese)
[19]王婕姝,韩向敏,王毅.秸秆颗粒型日粮对育肥羔羊屠宰指标及肉品质的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2017,38(6):41-44.WANG J S,HAN X M,WANG Y.The effect of feeding straw pelletized diets on slaughter indexes and meat quality of fattening lambs[J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2017,38(6):41-44.(in Chinese)
[20]谢立宏,杨肖,马金昕,等.全混合复合秸秆颗粒饲料饲喂肉羊效果对比试验[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015,18:152-153.XIE L H,YANG X,MA J X,et al.Comparative experiment on the effect of fully mixed composite straw pellet feed on mutton sheep[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2015,18:152-153.(in Chinese)
[21]雒秋江,潘榕,余雄,等.添加剂和制粒对多浪羊玉米秸秆消化利用的影响[J].草食家畜,2005,1:48-50.LUO Q J,PAN R,YU X,et al.The effects of the additive and diet pelleting on digestion and utilization of corn-stalk diet by Duolang sheep[J].Grass-feeding Livestock,2005,1:48-50.(in Chinese)
[22]刘娜娜,雒秋江,杨开伦,等.磁化水对胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶活性及人工瘤胃产气的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2006,29(4):81-84.LIU N N,LUO Q J,YANG K L,et al.The effect of the magnetized water and buffer on the activities of trypsin and pepsin,and the gas production in artificial rumen[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2006,29(4):81-84.(in Chinese)
[23]李玮璐.磁化水对绵羊瘤胃微生物群落和消化酶活性的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2016.LI W L.Effects of magnetized water on rumen microbial community and digestive enzyme activity in sheep[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[24]李华,雒秋江,刘娜娜,等.绵羊对可酶解和不可酶解纤维素、半纤维素消化率的研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2008,31(5):41-45.LI H,LUO Q J,LIU N N,et al.The digestibility of the enzyme-hydrolysable and non-enzyme-hydrolysable cellulose and hemicellulose by sheep[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2008,31(5):41-45.(in Chinese)
[2]王洪才.日粮制粒对绵羊利用玉米秸秆的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(11):5003-5004.WANG H C.Effects of diet pelleting on corn stalk usage by sheep[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(11):5003-5004.(in Chinese)
[3]FAICHNEY G J,GHERARDI S G.Relationships between organic-matter digestibility,dry-matter intake and solute mean retention times in sheep given a ground and pelleted diet[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,1986,106(2):219-222.
[4]雒秋江,刘娜娜,杨开伦,等.饮用磁处理水对小尾寒羊母羊消化代谢的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2008,31(1):67-70.LUO Q J,LIU N N,YANG K L,et al.Effects of the magnetic-treated water on digestion and metabolism of Small-tail Han ewes[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2008,31(1):67-70.(in Chinese)
[5]YACOUT M H.Effect of magnetic water on the performance of lactating goats[J].Journal of Dairy Veterinary&Animal Research,2015,2(5):1-14.
[6]程志泽,雒秋江,黄振,等.饮用磁化水对羔羊生长性能、消化代谢和屠宰性能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(5):1201-1207.CHENG Z Z,LUO Q J,HUANG Z,et al.Effects of drinking magnetized water on the growth performance,digestion metabolism and slaughter performance of lamb[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2016,43(5):1201-1207.(in Chinese)
[7]金长江,刘勇,白士刚.水磁化后对紫外线光吸收率的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2004,35(4):484-487.JIN C J,LIU Y,BAI S G.The effect of magnetical water on the absorbing rate of ultraviolet ray[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2004,35(4):484-487.(in Chinese)
[8]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].第2版.北京:中国农业出版社,1993.YANG S.Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Testing Technology[M].2nd Edition.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1993.(in Chinese)
[9]傅启高,雒秋江.用邻-甲酚酞比色法测定饲料中钙含量的研究[J].动物营养学报,1996,8(3):25-30.FU Q G,LUO Q J.Determination of feed calcium contents by o-cresolphthalein complexone colorimetry[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,1996,8(3):25-30.(in Chinese)
[10]李华,雒秋江,孔新刚,等.用酸解和酶解改良粗饲料中纤维类物质测定方法的研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2008,31(2):6-11.LI H,LUO Q J,KONG X G,et al.Improvement on the determination of fiber materials in roughage by the acid and enzymic hydrolysis[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2008,31(2):6-11.(in Chinese)
[11]MASON V C.Factors influencing faecal nitrogen excretion in sheep.1.The digestibility and level of intake of pelleted diets[J].Zeitschrift Für Tierphysiologie Tierernhrung Und Futtermittelkunde,1981,45(4):161-173.
[12]韩正康,陈杰.反刍动物瘤胃的消化和代谢[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.HAN Z K,CHEN J.Ruminal Digestion and Metabolism of Ruminants[M].Beijing:Science Press,1988.(in Chinese)
[13]MCDONALD C L,ROWE J B,GITTINS S P,et al.Feed additives for attracting sheep to eat a pelleted diet during assembly for live export[J].Animal Production Science,1988,28(6):719-723.
[14]董凌云,雒秋江,潘超,等.饲喂颗粒日粮对妊娠母羊采食和消化代谢的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(6):77-84.DONG L Y,LUO Q J,PAN C,et al.Effect of feeding pellet diets on intake,digestion and metabolism of pregnant ewes[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2014,41(6):77-84.(in Chinese)
[15]周封文,雒秋江,陈勇,等.饲喂秸秆颗粒日粮对绵羊瘤胃和整体消化代谢的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2013,36(5):345-351.ZHOU F W,LUO Q J,CHEN Y,et al.Effects of feeding the pelletized corn stalk diet on the digestion and metabolism of the rumen and whole body in sheep[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2013,36(5):345-351.(in Chinese)
[16]李维东,雒秋江,王选,等.饲喂粉碎和颗粒日粮条件下添喂气溶胶OT对绵羊采食和消化代谢的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2014,37(6):431-434.LI W D,LUO Q J,WANG X,et al.Effects of the feeding pellet diet and supplementing aerosol OT on the intake,digestion and metabolism of sheep[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2014,37(6):431-434.(in Chinese)
[17]张红岗,史卫平,王富中.颗粒化全混合日粮对舍饲羔羊生产性能的影响[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(5):471-473.ZHANG H G,SHI W P,WANG F Z.Granular total mixed rations on the performance of confined lambs[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(5):471-473.(in Chinese)
[18]崔建华.全价颗粒饲料与传统精、粗料混合饲喂技术对肉羊育肥效果的对比试验[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2016,37(4):38-39.CUI J H.Comparison of effects of feeding complete pellet feed and traditional feeding method with mixture of concentrate and roughage on growth of fattening lambs[J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2016,37(4):38-39.(in Chinese)
[19]王婕姝,韩向敏,王毅.秸秆颗粒型日粮对育肥羔羊屠宰指标及肉品质的影响[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2017,38(6):41-44.WANG J S,HAN X M,WANG Y.The effect of feeding straw pelletized diets on slaughter indexes and meat quality of fattening lambs[J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2017,38(6):41-44.(in Chinese)
[20]谢立宏,杨肖,马金昕,等.全混合复合秸秆颗粒饲料饲喂肉羊效果对比试验[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015,18:152-153.XIE L H,YANG X,MA J X,et al.Comparative experiment on the effect of fully mixed composite straw pellet feed on mutton sheep[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2015,18:152-153.(in Chinese)
[21]雒秋江,潘榕,余雄,等.添加剂和制粒对多浪羊玉米秸秆消化利用的影响[J].草食家畜,2005,1:48-50.LUO Q J,PAN R,YU X,et al.The effects of the additive and diet pelleting on digestion and utilization of corn-stalk diet by Duolang sheep[J].Grass-feeding Livestock,2005,1:48-50.(in Chinese)
[22]刘娜娜,雒秋江,杨开伦,等.磁化水对胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶活性及人工瘤胃产气的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2006,29(4):81-84.LIU N N,LUO Q J,YANG K L,et al.The effect of the magnetized water and buffer on the activities of trypsin and pepsin,and the gas production in artificial rumen[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2006,29(4):81-84.(in Chinese)
[23]李玮璐.磁化水对绵羊瘤胃微生物群落和消化酶活性的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2016.LI W L.Effects of magnetized water on rumen microbial community and digestive enzyme activity in sheep[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[24]李华,雒秋江,刘娜娜,等.绵羊对可酶解和不可酶解纤维素、半纤维素消化率的研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2008,31(5):41-45.LI H,LUO Q J,LIU N N,et al.The digestibility of the enzyme-hydrolysable and non-enzyme-hydrolysable cellulose and hemicellulose by sheep[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2008,31(5):41-45.(in Chinese)