西藏引进良种奶牛高原适应性观察与研究
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摘要
文章旨在研究拟通过测定引进奶牛进入高原后疾病发生率、生产性能发挥情况及血液主要生理指标变化,继而综合评价引进奶牛高原适应性。试验选取从澳大利亚引进的纯种娟姗牛和荷斯坦奶牛,两个品种奶牛均分为高山病发病组、生理指标组、生产性能组,每组均包含对照组和试验组。结果表明,高山发病组:引入一年后,荷斯坦奶牛因高山病死亡率为26.5%,娟姗牛因高山病死亡率为8%,娟姗牛高山病发病率及死亡率显著低于荷斯坦奶牛,且氧气浓度与高山病发病率密切相关;生理指标组:与奶牛引入前组(Before introduction,BID组)相比,奶牛引入前组(After introduction,AID组)娟姗牛和荷斯坦奶牛进入高原1年后,红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)极显著提高(P <0.01),红细胞平均体积(MCV)显著提高(P <0.05),平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)极显著降低(P <0.01),此外呼吸、脉搏均有提高;生产性能组:与奶牛引入前组(Before introduction,BID组)相比,奶牛引入前组(After introduction,AID组)娟姗牛和荷斯坦奶牛进入高原后,产奶量、体细胞数极显著降低(P <0.01),乳蛋白率显著降低(P <0.05),此外犊牛初生重较低,且死亡率明显高于对照组。由此可见,引进奶牛无论是疾病抵抗还是生产性能发挥方面均未表现出对高原环境的长期适应性。
This experiment aims at evaluating plateau adaptability of the introduced cows by analyzing and measuring disease incident of cows after entering plateau,the function of the growth performance and the change of blood physiological index. We select the Purebred Jersey cattle and Holstein cattle that introduced from Australia. These two varieties are evenly distributed by mountain sickness diseased group,physiological index group and growth performance group,and every group includes study group and control group. The result of mountain sickness diseased group shows that the mortality of Holstein is 26.5% and the mortality of Jersey is 8%. The mountain disease rate and death rate of Jersey cattle are significantly lower than that of Holstein cattle,and Oxygen concentration is closely related to mountain disease rate. The result of physiological index group shows that red blood cell,hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume of the group after introducing cows increase sharply(P <0.01)while mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration significantly falls(P <0.01)compared with the group before introducing cows. In addition,both breath and pulse rise. As for growth performance group,compared to control group which introduces cows,there is a remarkable reduce in terms of the milk production,somatic number(P <0.01)and protein ratio(P< 0.05)of Jersey cattle and Holstein cattle that introduced. Besides,the weights of newborn calves are relative low,and their death rates are obviously higher in comparison with control group. Thus,the introduced cows fail to display plateau adaptability whether in terms of disease confrontation or production performance.
This experiment aims at evaluating plateau adaptability of the introduced cows by analyzing and measuring disease incident of cows after entering plateau,the function of the growth performance and the change of blood physiological index. We select the Purebred Jersey cattle and Holstein cattle that introduced from Australia. These two varieties are evenly distributed by mountain sickness diseased group,physiological index group and growth performance group,and every group includes study group and control group. The result of mountain sickness diseased group shows that the mortality of Holstein is 26.5% and the mortality of Jersey is 8%. The mountain disease rate and death rate of Jersey cattle are significantly lower than that of Holstein cattle,and Oxygen concentration is closely related to mountain disease rate. The result of physiological index group shows that red blood cell,hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume of the group after introducing cows increase sharply(P <0.01)while mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration significantly falls(P <0.01)compared with the group before introducing cows. In addition,both breath and pulse rise. As for growth performance group,compared to control group which introduces cows,there is a remarkable reduce in terms of the milk production,somatic number(P <0.01)and protein ratio(P< 0.05)of Jersey cattle and Holstein cattle that introduced. Besides,the weights of newborn calves are relative low,and their death rates are obviously higher in comparison with control group. Thus,the introduced cows fail to display plateau adaptability whether in terms of disease confrontation or production performance.
引文
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[12]赵新宇,冯登侦.引进澳大利亚荷斯坦奶牛与本地荷斯坦奶牛生产性能比较[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016,4:68~70.
[2]黄菲.急性高原缺氧大鼠脑皮质损伤基因调控机制及其蕨麻的保护作用[D].山西医科大学,2013.
[3]刘显胜,秦献魁,高钰琪,等.高压氧治疗对急性高原病的应用与发展探析[J].中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志,2016,23(3):252~254.
[4]彭毛东主,李昕,韩占成,等.青海贵南奶牛发生高山病[J].中国兽医杂志,2008,5:66~67.
[5]唐骏,格桑加措,陈景瑞,等.西藏山南地区高海拔应激对引进奶牛的影响[J].中国奶牛,2015,1:53~55.
[6]王泳杰,王之盛,胡瑞,等.不同营养调控方式对牦牛僵牛生长发育、血常规、血浆抗氧化和免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(4):1344~1352.
[7]薛艳锋,郝力壮,牛建章,等.舍饲对生长期牦牛血液生化指标和生长性能的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(8):211~213.
[8]严爱萍.奶牛引进高海拔地区后发生肺气肿的诊治[J].中国兽医杂志,2008,4:69~70.
[9]于广成,周晓秋,王洪宝,等.中国荷斯坦奶犊牛的饲养管理[J].养殖技术顾问,2011,5:1.
[10]臧云成.奶牛各阶段饲料配方及饲养管理规程[J].养殖技术顾问,2005,4:11.
[11]张寿,李耀云,崔海龙,等.高海拔应激对奶牛血清中三碘甲腺原氨酸、甲状腺激素和促甲状腺激素的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2013,11:75~76.
[12]赵新宇,冯登侦.引进澳大利亚荷斯坦奶牛与本地荷斯坦奶牛生产性能比较[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016,4:68~70.