二语复杂句中的预测加工及ERP实验证据——以英语现在分词为例
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摘要
预测加工是阅读理解的一个重要环节。本研究试图从中国学习者的角度,以英语句法中的动名词为切入点,探讨二语复杂句阅读中的预测加工。研究结果显示,二语复杂句中的预测加工是包含自上而下和自下而上的双行过程。句中的语义和句法存在着彼此交互作用,能够促进阅读理解,但复杂的句法结构会导致工作记忆的负荷增大和预测成本的增加,进而影响加工速度。另外,中国大学生的阅读预测加工具有独特性,与母语加工存在着神经机制上的差别:句法违例未能引发典型的左前负波,而复杂句型都引发了P2。
引文
Carroll,S.E.2017.Explaining bilingual learning outcomes in terms of exposure and input[J].Bilingualism20:37-41.
Chen,E.,E.Gibson&F.Wolf.2005.Online syntactic storage costs in sentence comprehension[J].Journal of Memory of Language 52:144-169.
Clifton,C.Jr.,F.Ferrieira,J.M.Henderson,A.W.Inhoff,S.P.Liversedge,E.D.Reichle&E.R.Schotter.2016.Eye movements in reading and information processing:Keith Rayner’s 40year legacy[J].Journal of Memory and Language 86:1-19.
Fiebach,C.J.,M.Schlesewsky&A.D.Friederici.2002.Separating syntactic memory costs and syntactic integration costs during parsing:The processing of German WH-questions[J].Journal of Memory&Language 47(2):250-282.
Frazier,L.&J.D.Fodor.1978.The sausage machine:A new two-stage parsing model[J].Cognition6:291-325.
Gibson,E.1998.Linguistic complexity:Locality of syntactic dependencies[J].Cognition68(1):1-76
Guan,C.Q.,F.F.Ye,R.K.Wagner,W.J.Meng&C.K.Leong.2014.Text comprehension mediates morphological awareness,syntactic processing,and working memory in predicting Chinese written composition performance[J].Journal of Educational Psychology106:779-798.
Lindsay,P.H.&D.A.Norman.1977.Human Information Processing:An Introduction to Psychology[M].New York:Academic Press.
Nobre,A.D.P&J.F.de Salle.2016.Lexical-semantic processing and reading.Relations between semantic priming,visual word recognition and reading comprehension[J].Educational Psychology36:753-770.
Taraban,R.&J.L.McClelland.1988.Constituent attachment and thematic role assignment in sentence processing:Influences of content-based expectations[J].Journal of Memory&Language 27(6):597-632.
van Gompei,R.P.G.,M.J.Peckering,J.Pearson&S.P.Liversedge.2005.Evidence against competition during syntactic ambiguity resolution[J].Journal of Memory and Language 52(2):284-307.
常欣、王沛.2013.晚期汉英二语者英语被动句句法加工的ERP研究[J].心理学报(45):773-782.
耿立波、杨亦鸣.2014.基于ERP实验的二语句子阅读能力的心理现实性研究[J].外语教学理论与实践(3):23-29.
王甦、汪家圣.1992.认知心理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社.
魏景汉、罗跃嘉.2010.时间相关电位原理与技术[M].北京:北京科学出版社.
赵伦.2012.ERPs实验教程[M].江苏:东南大学出版社.
(1)本研究为二语复杂句法加工ERP研究的一个子课题,关注句子加工的早期阶段,即100-500 ms时程内的语言认知加工,而晚期阶段的加工将另外行文报告。
Chen,E.,E.Gibson&F.Wolf.2005.Online syntactic storage costs in sentence comprehension[J].Journal of Memory of Language 52:144-169.
Clifton,C.Jr.,F.Ferrieira,J.M.Henderson,A.W.Inhoff,S.P.Liversedge,E.D.Reichle&E.R.Schotter.2016.Eye movements in reading and information processing:Keith Rayner’s 40year legacy[J].Journal of Memory and Language 86:1-19.
Fiebach,C.J.,M.Schlesewsky&A.D.Friederici.2002.Separating syntactic memory costs and syntactic integration costs during parsing:The processing of German WH-questions[J].Journal of Memory&Language 47(2):250-282.
Frazier,L.&J.D.Fodor.1978.The sausage machine:A new two-stage parsing model[J].Cognition6:291-325.
Gibson,E.1998.Linguistic complexity:Locality of syntactic dependencies[J].Cognition68(1):1-76
Guan,C.Q.,F.F.Ye,R.K.Wagner,W.J.Meng&C.K.Leong.2014.Text comprehension mediates morphological awareness,syntactic processing,and working memory in predicting Chinese written composition performance[J].Journal of Educational Psychology106:779-798.
Lindsay,P.H.&D.A.Norman.1977.Human Information Processing:An Introduction to Psychology[M].New York:Academic Press.
Nobre,A.D.P&J.F.de Salle.2016.Lexical-semantic processing and reading.Relations between semantic priming,visual word recognition and reading comprehension[J].Educational Psychology36:753-770.
Taraban,R.&J.L.McClelland.1988.Constituent attachment and thematic role assignment in sentence processing:Influences of content-based expectations[J].Journal of Memory&Language 27(6):597-632.
van Gompei,R.P.G.,M.J.Peckering,J.Pearson&S.P.Liversedge.2005.Evidence against competition during syntactic ambiguity resolution[J].Journal of Memory and Language 52(2):284-307.
常欣、王沛.2013.晚期汉英二语者英语被动句句法加工的ERP研究[J].心理学报(45):773-782.
耿立波、杨亦鸣.2014.基于ERP实验的二语句子阅读能力的心理现实性研究[J].外语教学理论与实践(3):23-29.
王甦、汪家圣.1992.认知心理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社.
魏景汉、罗跃嘉.2010.时间相关电位原理与技术[M].北京:北京科学出版社.
赵伦.2012.ERPs实验教程[M].江苏:东南大学出版社.
(1)本研究为二语复杂句法加工ERP研究的一个子课题,关注句子加工的早期阶段,即100-500 ms时程内的语言认知加工,而晚期阶段的加工将另外行文报告。