日语体标记与语篇叙述时间推进——以《一碗阳春面》为例
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摘要
日语体标记范畴由完整体标记「スル」「シタ」和持续体标记「テイル」「テイタ」构成。它们不光可以观察句子层面的动词情状变化,还在语篇层面与语篇叙述时间推进关系密切。通过考察小说语篇《一碗阳春面》中日语体标记句与语篇叙述时间推进的关系,发现「シタ」标记句通常推进语篇主要事件链的时间发展,而「スル」标记句则主要推进各主要事件链中具体细节部分的时间发展;持续体标记句不推进语篇叙述时间发展。
The Japanese aspect marker category consists of the perfective marker "suru" "sita" and the imperfective marker "teiru" "teita", which can not only reflect the change of the verb situation at the sentence level, but also have a close relationship with the temporal progression of the narrative time at the discourse level. Through examining the relationship between the Japanese aspect marker's sentence and the temporal progression in the novel Bowl of Plain Buckwheat Noodles, we find that the "sita" marker's sentence often advances the time of the main event chain of the text, while the "suru" marker's sentence can mainly promote the development of the specific details of each major event chain; the imperfective markers do not advance textual narrative development.
The Japanese aspect marker category consists of the perfective marker "suru" "sita" and the imperfective marker "teiru" "teita", which can not only reflect the change of the verb situation at the sentence level, but also have a close relationship with the temporal progression of the narrative time at the discourse level. Through examining the relationship between the Japanese aspect marker's sentence and the temporal progression in the novel Bowl of Plain Buckwheat Noodles, we find that the "sita" marker's sentence often advances the time of the main event chain of the text, while the "suru" marker's sentence can mainly promote the development of the specific details of each major event chain; the imperfective markers do not advance textual narrative development.
引文
饶宏泉.2012.汉语篇章的时间推进系统及其相关影响因素研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学.
孙敦夫.2009.日语“te-iru”的“后景化”功能[J].外语教学(2):34-37.
孙敦夫.2011.前景化与“体”范畴[J].外语研究(6):41-45.
徐晶凝.2014.叙事语篇中“了”的语篇功能初探[J].汉语学习(1):29-38.
工藤真由美.1995.アスペクトテンス体系とテクスト[M].東京:ひつじ書房.
寺村秀夫.1984.日本語のシンタクスと意味Ⅱ[M].東京:ひつじ書房.
DOWTY D.1986.The Effects of Aspectual Class on the Temporal Structure of Discourse:Semantics or Pragmatics?[J].Linguistics & Philosophy(9):37-62.
DRY H.1981.Sentence Aspect and the Movement of Narrative Time[J].Text(1):233-240.
HOPPER P.1979.Aspect and Foregrounding in Discourse[C]//GIVóN T (ed.).Discourse and Syntax.New York:Academic Press.
HOPPER P,THOMPSON S.1980.Transitivity in Grammar and Discourse[J].Language,56(2):251-299.
LABOV W.1972.Language in the Inner City[M].Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press.
REINHART T.1984.Principles of Gestalt Perception in the Temporal Organization of Narrative Texts[J].Linguistics (22):779-809.
孙敦夫.2009.日语“te-iru”的“后景化”功能[J].外语教学(2):34-37.
孙敦夫.2011.前景化与“体”范畴[J].外语研究(6):41-45.
徐晶凝.2014.叙事语篇中“了”的语篇功能初探[J].汉语学习(1):29-38.
工藤真由美.1995.アスペクトテンス体系とテクスト[M].東京:ひつじ書房.
寺村秀夫.1984.日本語のシンタクスと意味Ⅱ[M].東京:ひつじ書房.
DOWTY D.1986.The Effects of Aspectual Class on the Temporal Structure of Discourse:Semantics or Pragmatics?[J].Linguistics & Philosophy(9):37-62.
DRY H.1981.Sentence Aspect and the Movement of Narrative Time[J].Text(1):233-240.
HOPPER P.1979.Aspect and Foregrounding in Discourse[C]//GIVóN T (ed.).Discourse and Syntax.New York:Academic Press.
HOPPER P,THOMPSON S.1980.Transitivity in Grammar and Discourse[J].Language,56(2):251-299.
LABOV W.1972.Language in the Inner City[M].Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press.
REINHART T.1984.Principles of Gestalt Perception in the Temporal Organization of Narrative Texts[J].Linguistics (22):779-809.