珠江水系鳗鲡资源空间分布特征研究
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摘要
研究于2015—2017年对珠江流域12个站位的日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)及花鳗鲡(Anguilla marmorata)种群资源量与洄游路线等进行了初步调查,并对其资源量状况、空间分布特征与环境影响因素等进行了分析。结果显示在近3年的调查时间里,共采集到日本鳗鲡41尾,平均年龄为(4.2±1.3)龄, 93%的个体未性成熟;采集到花鳗鲡12尾,平均年龄为(4.3±1.0)龄, 83%的个体未性成熟。日本鳗鲡在珠江水系最远能分布到红水河的合山江段,其在渔获物中的数量百分比与重量百分比均低于百分之一;花鳗鲡最远能分布到西江的石龙江段,其在渔获物中的出现率低于两百分之一。珠江水系鳗鲡野生资源极度匮乏,保护形势十分严峻。同时发现日本鳗鲡空间分布主要受河流分维和河流宽度的影响;花鳗鲡的空间分布主要受河流宽度和水深的影响。该研究是珠江水系野生渔业资源长期调查的一部分,研究结果将对鳗鲡资源的保护和可持续利用具有指导意义。
This study analyzed the resources status and spatial distribution of Anguilla japonica and Anguilla marmorata in the Pearl River based on the data collected from 2015 to 2017. A total of 41 Anguilla japonica individuals with the average age of(4.2 ± 1.3) years were collected in these three years, and 93% individuals were sexually immature. A total of 12 Anguilla marmorata individuals with the average age of(4.3 ± 1.0) years were collected and 83% individuals were sexually immature. Anguilla japonica could migrate to the Heshan section of the Hongshuihe River with the percentages in individuals and in weight both less than one percent. Anguilla marmorata could migrate to the Shilong section of the Xijiang River with an occurrence rate less than one in 200. This indicated that the wild Anguilla spp. resources in the Pearl River are extremely rare and need to be protected. Redundancy analysis shown that river fractals and river width play important roles in spatial distribution for Anguilla japonica, while river width and river depth play important roles for Anguilla marmorata. This study is a part of a long-term investigation for the wild Anguilla resources of the Pearl River, and the results could be instructive to the conservation and management of Anguilla resources.
This study analyzed the resources status and spatial distribution of Anguilla japonica and Anguilla marmorata in the Pearl River based on the data collected from 2015 to 2017. A total of 41 Anguilla japonica individuals with the average age of(4.2 ± 1.3) years were collected in these three years, and 93% individuals were sexually immature. A total of 12 Anguilla marmorata individuals with the average age of(4.3 ± 1.0) years were collected and 83% individuals were sexually immature. Anguilla japonica could migrate to the Heshan section of the Hongshuihe River with the percentages in individuals and in weight both less than one percent. Anguilla marmorata could migrate to the Shilong section of the Xijiang River with an occurrence rate less than one in 200. This indicated that the wild Anguilla spp. resources in the Pearl River are extremely rare and need to be protected. Redundancy analysis shown that river fractals and river width play important roles in spatial distribution for Anguilla japonica, while river width and river depth play important roles for Anguilla marmorata. This study is a part of a long-term investigation for the wild Anguilla resources of the Pearl River, and the results could be instructive to the conservation and management of Anguilla resources.
引文
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[19]Peres-Neto P,Legendre P,Dray S,et al.Variation partitioning of species data matrices:estimation and comparison of fractions[J].Ecology,2006,87(10):2614-2625
[20]Sharma S,Legendre P,De Cáceres M,et al.The role of environmental and spatial processes in structuring native and non-native fish communities across thousands of lakes[J].Ecography,2011,34(5):762-771
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[22]Dulvy N K,Sadovy Y,Reynods J D.Extinction vulnerability in marine populations[J].Fish Fisheries,2003,4:25-64
[23]Tolimieri N,Levin P S.Assemblage structure of Eastern Pacific groundfishes on the U.S.continental slope in relation to physical and environmental variables[J].Transactions of the American fisheries society,2006,135:317-332
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[25]Chen J Z,Huang S L,Han Y S.Impact of long-term habitat loss on the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2014,151:361-369
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[29]Legendre P,Gallagher E D.Ecologically meaningful transformations for ordination of species data[J].Oecologia,2001,129(2):271-280
[30]Tsukamoto K.Spawning and migratory behavior of the Japanese eel[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,2006,72(3):350-356
[31]Lu K X.Pearl River Fishery Resources[M].Guanghzou:Guangdong Science and Technology Press.1990,91-121[陆奎贤.珠江水系渔业资源.广州:广东科技出版社.1990,91-121]
[32]Kouamélan E P,Teugels G G,N′Douba V,et al.Fish diversity and its relationships with environmental variables in a West African basin[J].Hydrobiologia,2003,505(1-3):139-146
[33]Brown L R.Fish communities and their associations with environmental variables,lower San Joaquin River drainage,California[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2000,57(3):251-269
[34]Kadye W T,Magadza C H D,Moyo N A G,et al.Stream fish assemblages in relation to environmental factors on a montane plateau(Nyika Plateau,Malawi)[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2008,83(4):417-428
[35]Ornellas A B,Coutinho R.Spatial and temporal patterns of distribution and abundance of a tropical fish assemblage in a seasonal Sargassum bed,Cabo Frio Island,Brazil[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1998,53:198-208
[2]Shuai F M,Li Z Q,Liu G W,et al.Resource status of Japanese eel(Anguilla japonica)in the Pearl River Estuary[J].South China Fisheries Science,2015,11(2):85-92[帅方敏,李智泉,刘国文,等.珠江口日本鳗鲡种苗资源状况研究.南方水产科学,2015,11(2):85-92]
[3]Tatsukaea K.Eel resources in east Asia[M].Springer Japan.2003,293-298
[4]Dou S.Eels in China:Species,Fisheries,Stock Management and Culture[M].Eels and Humans.Springer Japan.2014,117-128
[5]Xie G,Qi B L.Some characteristics of breeding biology of Anguilla japonica[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2002,17(4):267-271[谢刚,祁宝嵛.鳗鲡某些繁殖生物学特性的研究.大连水产学院学报,2002,17(4):267-271]
[6]Wang G J,Xie J,Yu D G.Advances in research on reproductive biology of Japanese eel(Anguilla japonica)[J].South China Fisheries Science,2005,1(1):71-75[王广军,谢骏,余德光.鳗鲡繁殖生物学研究进展.南方水产科学,2005,1(1):71-75]
[7]Xiao L,Wu H X,Xue J Z,et al.Review:reproductive biology research on the Japanese eel[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2005,19(3):321-326[肖利,吴惠仙,薛俊增,等.日本鳗鲡繁殖生物学研究概述.上海海洋大学学报,2005,19(3):321-326]
[8]Xie Z L,Guo H Y,Tang W Q,et al.Age structure and growth characteristics at seaward migrating periods of Anguilla japonica in the Yangtze River Estuary[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2010,2(2):245-254[谢正丽,郭弘艺,唐文乔,等.长江口降海洄游鳗鲡的年龄结构与生长特征.水产学报,2010,2(2):245-254]
[9]Xie J,Ye D G,Wang G J,et al.Spawning and development of embryo and larva in cultivated Anguilla japonica by artificial induction[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2006,29(5):688-694[谢骏,余德光,王广军,等.人工诱导池塘养殖鳗鲡成熟产卵以及胚胎和仔鱼发育.水产学报,2006,29(5):688-694]
[10]Zhang Y.Study on pigmentation developmental stages and morphological characteristics and otolith microchemistry of Japanese eels larvae,Anguilla japonica,collected in Yangtze River estuary[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University.2013[张亚.长江口日本鳗鲡幼体的发育时相、形态特征和耳石化学研究.上海:上海海洋大学.2013]
[11]Guo H Y,Wei K,Tang W Q,et al.Developmental stages and migratory routes of larvae Japanese eel from southeast coastal estuaries of China[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(12):1793-1802[郭弘艺,魏凯,唐文乔,等.中国东南沿海日本鳗鲡幼体的发育时相及其迁徙路径分析.水产学报,2012,36(12):1793-1802]
[12]Han Y S,Tzeng W N.Use of the sex ratio as a means of resource assessment for the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica:a case study in the Kaoping River,Taiwan[J].Zoological Studies,2006,45(2):255-263
[13]Han Y S,Sun Y L,Liao Y F,et al.Temporal analysis of population genetic composition in the overexploited Japanese eel Anguilla japonica[J].Marine Biology,2008,155(6):613-621
[14]Tzeng W N,Tseng Y H,Han Y S,et al.Evaluation of multi-scale climate effects on annual recruitment levels of the Japanese eel,Anguilla japonica,to Taiwan[J].PLoSOne,2012,7(2):e30805
[15]Tseng M C,Kao H W,Hung Y H,et al.A study of genetic variations,population size,and population dynamics of the catadromous Japanese eel Anguilla japonica(Pisces)in northern Taiwan[J].Hydrobiologia,2012,683(1):203-216
[16]Zhang H,He W,Tong C,et al.The effect of fishing the anguillid elver(Anguilla japonica)on the fishery of the Yangtze estuary[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2008,76(4):902-908
[17]Jackson D A,Peres-Neto P R,Olden J D.What controls who is where in freshwater fish communities-the roles of biotic,abiotic,and spatial factors[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2001,58(1):157-170
[18]Grenouillet G,Pont D,HérisséC.Within-basin fish assemblage structure:the relative influence of habitat versus stream spatial position on local species richness[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2004,61(1):93-102
[19]Peres-Neto P,Legendre P,Dray S,et al.Variation partitioning of species data matrices:estimation and comparison of fractions[J].Ecology,2006,87(10):2614-2625
[20]Sharma S,Legendre P,De Cáceres M,et al.The role of environmental and spatial processes in structuring native and non-native fish communities across thousands of lakes[J].Ecography,2011,34(5):762-771
[21]Sala O E,Chapin F S,Armesto J J,et al.Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100[J].Science,2000,287(5459):1770-1774
[22]Dulvy N K,Sadovy Y,Reynods J D.Extinction vulnerability in marine populations[J].Fish Fisheries,2003,4:25-64
[23]Tolimieri N,Levin P S.Assemblage structure of Eastern Pacific groundfishes on the U.S.continental slope in relation to physical and environmental variables[J].Transactions of the American fisheries society,2006,135:317-332
[24]Arat T.How have spawning ground investigations of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica contributed to the stock enhancement[J]?Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,2014,24(1):75-88
[25]Chen J Z,Huang S L,Han Y S.Impact of long-term habitat loss on the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2014,151:361-369
[26]Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Freshwater Fishes of Guangxi,China(Second edition)[M].Nanning:Guangxi People’s Publishing House.2006[广西壮族自治区水产研究所,中国科学院动物研究所.广西淡水鱼类志(第二版).南宁:广西人民出版社.2006]
[27]Zheng C Y.Zhujiang Fishes[M].Beijing:Science and Technology Press.1989[郑慈英.珠江鱼类志.北京:科技出版社.1989]
[28]Makarenkov V,Legendre P.Nonlinear redundancy analysis and canonical correspondence analysis based on polynomial regression[J].Ecology,2002,83(4):1146-1161
[29]Legendre P,Gallagher E D.Ecologically meaningful transformations for ordination of species data[J].Oecologia,2001,129(2):271-280
[30]Tsukamoto K.Spawning and migratory behavior of the Japanese eel[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,2006,72(3):350-356
[31]Lu K X.Pearl River Fishery Resources[M].Guanghzou:Guangdong Science and Technology Press.1990,91-121[陆奎贤.珠江水系渔业资源.广州:广东科技出版社.1990,91-121]
[32]Kouamélan E P,Teugels G G,N′Douba V,et al.Fish diversity and its relationships with environmental variables in a West African basin[J].Hydrobiologia,2003,505(1-3):139-146
[33]Brown L R.Fish communities and their associations with environmental variables,lower San Joaquin River drainage,California[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2000,57(3):251-269
[34]Kadye W T,Magadza C H D,Moyo N A G,et al.Stream fish assemblages in relation to environmental factors on a montane plateau(Nyika Plateau,Malawi)[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2008,83(4):417-428
[35]Ornellas A B,Coutinho R.Spatial and temporal patterns of distribution and abundance of a tropical fish assemblage in a seasonal Sargassum bed,Cabo Frio Island,Brazil[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1998,53:198-208