赣北地区直播早稻品种的筛选及其丰产性研究
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摘要
为筛选适宜赣北地区的直播早稻品种及明确其丰产特性,以适宜江西省种植的21个早稻品种(组合)为试验材料,在南昌进行大田直播种植,比较分析了不同品种生育期、群体质量和产量形成特征。结果表明,鄱优364、荣优286、两优287、荣优2933、荣优2994和荣优3327等品种生育期偏长,不适宜直播栽培;其余生育期适宜的15个品种中,陵两优722、柒两优2012、优I156和淦鑫203产量高,具有多穗、大粒和日产量高的特点,直播栽培能够获得高产;而潭两优83产量中等、生育期短,直播栽培可协调生育期长的晚稻品种搭配,实现晚稻的高产和稳产。经聚类分析,陵两优722、柒两优2012、优I156和淦鑫203为高产品种,株两优538、嘉育948、荣优2933和中早25为低产品种,其余为中产品种。对不同产量水平品种的群体质量和产量形成特征进行分析,发现高产品种表现出穗多、粒质量大、日产量高,抽穗期叶面积指数较高,穗分化期干物质积累量大,茎鞘物质输出及转化率高的特点。试验结果可为赣北地区直播早稻品种的选择和遗传改良提供参考。
To screen for direct seeding early rice varieties suitable for Northern Jiangxi Province and study on their high?yield abilities,21 early rice varieties were planted as direct seeding rice in Nanchang,the growth period,yield and its compositions,population quality and yield formation characteristics of them were analyzed.The result showed that,the growth periods of‘PY364',‘RY286',‘LY287',‘RY2933',‘RY2994',and‘RY3327',were too long for planting as direct seeding rice.As for the others,‘LLY722',‘QLY2012',‘YI156',‘GX203',which possessed abundant panicles,heavy grains and high daily yield increase,could achieve high yield when planted as direct seeding rice.The‘TLY83',with medium yield and short growth peri?od,which was only 102 d,could ensure the late rice sown early and improve possibility to get a desired yield.Ac?cording to cluster analysis,‘LLY722',‘QLY2012',‘YI156',‘GX203'were high?yield varieties,‘ZLY538',‘JY948',‘RY2933',‘ZZ25'were low?yield varieties,others were middle?yield varieties.The analysis on the yield compositions and dry matter accumulation of the varieties with different yield levels revealed that high yield varieties exhibited more panicle numbers,heavier grains,higher daily yield increase,displayed higher LAI(leaf area index)on heading stage,more dry matter accumulation in the panicle differentiation stage,high?er output and transformation rate of stem dry matter.The result would provide references for the selection and ge?netic improvement of direct seeding early rice varieties in Northern Jiangxi Province.
To screen for direct seeding early rice varieties suitable for Northern Jiangxi Province and study on their high?yield abilities,21 early rice varieties were planted as direct seeding rice in Nanchang,the growth period,yield and its compositions,population quality and yield formation characteristics of them were analyzed.The result showed that,the growth periods of‘PY364',‘RY286',‘LY287',‘RY2933',‘RY2994',and‘RY3327',were too long for planting as direct seeding rice.As for the others,‘LLY722',‘QLY2012',‘YI156',‘GX203',which possessed abundant panicles,heavy grains and high daily yield increase,could achieve high yield when planted as direct seeding rice.The‘TLY83',with medium yield and short growth peri?od,which was only 102 d,could ensure the late rice sown early and improve possibility to get a desired yield.Ac?cording to cluster analysis,‘LLY722',‘QLY2012',‘YI156',‘GX203'were high?yield varieties,‘ZLY538',‘JY948',‘RY2933',‘ZZ25'were low?yield varieties,others were middle?yield varieties.The analysis on the yield compositions and dry matter accumulation of the varieties with different yield levels revealed that high yield varieties exhibited more panicle numbers,heavier grains,higher daily yield increase,displayed higher LAI(leaf area index)on heading stage,more dry matter accumulation in the panicle differentiation stage,high?er output and transformation rate of stem dry matter.The result would provide references for the selection and ge?netic improvement of direct seeding early rice varieties in Northern Jiangxi Province.
引文
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[12]李木英,陈关,石庆华,等.不同早稻品种直播栽培的生育特性研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2011,33(3):399-404.Li M Y,Chen G,Shi Q H,et al.A study on the growth characteristics of different varieties of early rice as the direct-seededPlant[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2011,33(3):399-404.
[13]李杰,张洪程,常勇,等.不同种植方式水稻高产栽培条件下的光合物质生产特征研究[J].作物学报,2011,37(7):1235-1248.Li J,Zhang H C,Chang Y,et al.Characteristics of photosynthesis and matter production of rice with different planting meth?ods under high-yielding cultivation condition[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2011,37(7):1235-1248.
[14]郭长春,何艳,孙永健,等.直播杂交籼稻品种不同产量水平与产量形成特征及其差异性比较[J].四川农业大学学报,2017,35(4):476-483.Guo C C,He Y,Sun Y J,et al.Comparison of different yield levels and yield formation characteristics and differences of indi?ca hybrid rice under direct-sowing[J].Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University,2017,35(4):476-483.
[15]钱银飞,张洪程,李杰,等.不同穗型水稻品种直播产量及其群体质量特征的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2008,30(5):766-772.Qian Y F,Zhang H C,Li J,et al.Studies on yield and characteristics of plant population quality of direct-seeded rice culti?vars of different panicle types[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2008,30(5):766-772.
[16]蔡仁祥,曹利丰,王岳钧.直播早稻高产途径探讨[J].浙江农业学报,1998(2):67-70.Cai R X,Cao L F,Wang Y J.Studies on high yielding channel in the early rice of direct seeding[J].Acta Agriculturae Zheji?angensis1998(2):67-70.
[17]吕伟生,曾勇军,石庆华,等.近30年江西双季稻安全生产期及温光资源变化[J].中国水稻科学,2016,30(3):323-334.Lv W S,Zeng Y J,Shi Q H,et al.Changes in safe production date and heat-light resources of double cropping rice in JiangxiProvince in recent 30 years[J].Chin J Rice Sci,2016,30(3):323-334.
[2]李木英,石庆华,潘晓华.江西省直播稻发展趋势与存在的问题及对策[J].现代农业科技,2008(21):236-238.Li M Y,Shi Q H,Pan X H.Development trend,existing problems and countermeasures of direct seeding rice in Jiangxi Prov?ince[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2008(21):236-238.
[3]金千瑜,欧阳由男,陆永良,等.我国南方直播稻若干问题及其技术对策研究[J].中国农学通报,2001,17(5):44-48.Jin Q Y,Ouyang Y N,Lu Y L,et al.Issue of direct seeding rice in that southern China and its technical countermeasures.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin[J].2001,17(5):44-48.
[4]陈品,陆建飞.长江中下游地区直播稻的生理生态特性及其栽培技术的研究进展[J].核农学报,2013,27(4):487-494.Chen P,Lu J F.Research advances on the physiological and ecological characteristics and cultivation techniques of directseeding rice in the middle-lower Yangtze Area[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2013,27(4):487-494.
[5]詹学武.湖北地区双季稻直播种植模式研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2016.Zhan X W.Study on Agronomic performance of direct seeding in double-season rice in Hubei province[D].Wuhan:Hua?zhong Agricultural University,2016.
[6]潘晓华,李木英,曾勇军,等.江西双季稻主要种植方式及其配套栽培对策[J].江西农业大学学报,2013,35(1):1-6.Pan X H,Li M Y,Zeng Y J,et al.Main planting patterns and their relevant cultivation practices for the double rice in JiangxiProvince[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2013,35(1):1-6.
[7]曾新宇.不同早稻品种的机直播方式和播种量研究[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2013.Zeng X Y.The reasearch in mechanization planting ways and seeding rates at different early direct seeding rice[D].Nan?chang:Jiangxi Agriculture Univerty,2013.
[8]李木英,陈关,石庆华,等.播种量对直播早稻群体质量和产量的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2010,32(3):419-424.Li M Y,Chen G,Shi Q H,et al.Effect of seeding amount on the population quality and grain yield of direct-seeded Rice[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2010,32(3):419-424.
[9]程建平,吴建平,罗锡文,等.不同种植方式对早稻生长发育特性及产量的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(3):457-460.Cheng J P,Wu J P,Luo X W,et al.Influence of different planting methods on growth characteristics and yield of early rice[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2011,50(3):457-460.
[10]王文霞,曾研华,曾勇军,等.机械穴直播早籼稻产量和品质形成的播期效应[J].江西农业大学学报,2017,39(4):641-648.Wang W X,Zeng Y H,Zeng Y J,et al.Effect of sowing date on yield and quality of early indicarice direct seeding on the Ma?chine[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2017,39(4):641-648.
[11]李木英,陈志攀,石庆华,等.不同氮钾用量配比对直播稻产量和品质的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(6):1071-1079.Li M Y,Chen Z P,Shi Q H,et al.Effects of different proportions of nitrogen and potassium amounts on grain yield and quali?ty of direct-seeded rice[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2012,34(6):1071-1079.
[12]李木英,陈关,石庆华,等.不同早稻品种直播栽培的生育特性研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2011,33(3):399-404.Li M Y,Chen G,Shi Q H,et al.A study on the growth characteristics of different varieties of early rice as the direct-seededPlant[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2011,33(3):399-404.
[13]李杰,张洪程,常勇,等.不同种植方式水稻高产栽培条件下的光合物质生产特征研究[J].作物学报,2011,37(7):1235-1248.Li J,Zhang H C,Chang Y,et al.Characteristics of photosynthesis and matter production of rice with different planting meth?ods under high-yielding cultivation condition[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2011,37(7):1235-1248.
[14]郭长春,何艳,孙永健,等.直播杂交籼稻品种不同产量水平与产量形成特征及其差异性比较[J].四川农业大学学报,2017,35(4):476-483.Guo C C,He Y,Sun Y J,et al.Comparison of different yield levels and yield formation characteristics and differences of indi?ca hybrid rice under direct-sowing[J].Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University,2017,35(4):476-483.
[15]钱银飞,张洪程,李杰,等.不同穗型水稻品种直播产量及其群体质量特征的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2008,30(5):766-772.Qian Y F,Zhang H C,Li J,et al.Studies on yield and characteristics of plant population quality of direct-seeded rice culti?vars of different panicle types[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2008,30(5):766-772.
[16]蔡仁祥,曹利丰,王岳钧.直播早稻高产途径探讨[J].浙江农业学报,1998(2):67-70.Cai R X,Cao L F,Wang Y J.Studies on high yielding channel in the early rice of direct seeding[J].Acta Agriculturae Zheji?angensis1998(2):67-70.
[17]吕伟生,曾勇军,石庆华,等.近30年江西双季稻安全生产期及温光资源变化[J].中国水稻科学,2016,30(3):323-334.Lv W S,Zeng Y J,Shi Q H,et al.Changes in safe production date and heat-light resources of double cropping rice in JiangxiProvince in recent 30 years[J].Chin J Rice Sci,2016,30(3):323-334.