基于表型性状和生化成分的陕西茶树种质资源遗传多样性研究
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摘要
基于表型性状和生化成分对陕西茶树种质资源遗传多样性进行研究,以期为优异茶树种质资源选育提供信息和科学依据,并加快利用和丰富陕西茶树种质资源种类。利用统计分析、主成分分析和聚类分析方法,对陕西茶树种质资源表型性状和生化成分遗传多样性进行研究,并评价其遗传多样性。陕西茶树种质资源表型性状变异较丰富,不同表型性状变异系数和遗传多样性指数差异较大,变异系数为19.88%～55.96%,平均变异系数31.84%,遗传多样性指数为0.691 8～2.003 0,平均遗传多样性指数1.105 9;陕西茶树种质资源内含物质成分较丰富,基于生化成分的变异系数为10.89%～30.03%,平均变异系数21.78%,遗传多样性指数为1.770 1～2.049 2,平均遗传多样性指数1.890 0;基于表型性状和生化成分的聚类分析结果不一致,表明聚类分析结果与茶树种质资源表型性状、生化成分、DNA分子的遗传多样性和地域分布关系密切,单一依据表型性状或生化成分进行茶树种质资源聚类分析具有一定的局限性。研究结果表明,陕西茶树种质资源遗传多样性较丰富,优异资源筛选潜力较大,具有独特地域性,但属于江北茶区的陕南茶树种质资源遗传多样性丰富程度稍低于南方茶区的四川、广西、贵州等地。基于生化成分初步筛选出高水浸出物(>50%)茶树种质资源3份,高茶多酚(>20%)茶树种质资源4份,高氨基酸(>3%)茶树种质资源4份,低咖啡碱(<1.6%)茶树种质资源4份。
In order to accelerate the utilization and enrich the tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi, so as to provid basic germplasm resources and scientific basis for excellent tea germplasm resources,the genetic diversity in phenotypic traits and biochemical components of the tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi were studied in this paper. For identifying and evaluating the genetic diversity of the tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi,the phenotypic traits and the biochemical components diversity index were analyzed by methods of the statistical analysis,the principal compoent analysis and the clustering analysis.The variation of the phenotypic traits of tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi was plenty,the variation coefficient and genetic diversity index in different phenotypic traits were great difference,the variation coefficient was between 19.88%-55.96%,and the average variation coefficient was 31.84%,the diversity index was between 0.691 8-2.003 0,and the average diversity index was 1.105 9;the biochemical components of tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi were abundant,the variation coefficient was between 10.89%-30.03%,and the average variation coefficient was 21.78%,the diversity index was between 1.770 1-2.049 2,and the average diversity index was 1.890 0;the results showed that the cluster analysis based on the phenotypic traits and the biochemical components were inconsistent,and the cluster analysis results were closely related to the diversity of the phenotypic traits,the biochemical components,the DNA molecule and the geographical distribution,so there were some limitations in the cluster analysis of the tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi based on the phenotypic traits or the biochemical components.The results showed that the geographical distribution of the tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi was individual, and Shaanxi had high genetic diversity and the breeding potential for excellent tea germplasm resources,but the genetic diversity of the tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi belonged to Jiangbei tea area, and was lower than the genetic diversity of the tea germplasm resources in Sichuan,Guangxi,Guizhou and other places in the tea area of Southern China,and we screened preliminaryly 3 tea germplasm resources with high water extract content(>50%),4 tea germplasm resources with high tea polyphenols content(>20%),4 tea germplasm resources with high amino acid content(>3%),3 tea germplasm resources with low caffeine content(<1.6%).
In order to accelerate the utilization and enrich the tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi, so as to provid basic germplasm resources and scientific basis for excellent tea germplasm resources,the genetic diversity in phenotypic traits and biochemical components of the tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi were studied in this paper. For identifying and evaluating the genetic diversity of the tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi,the phenotypic traits and the biochemical components diversity index were analyzed by methods of the statistical analysis,the principal compoent analysis and the clustering analysis.The variation of the phenotypic traits of tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi was plenty,the variation coefficient and genetic diversity index in different phenotypic traits were great difference,the variation coefficient was between 19.88%-55.96%,and the average variation coefficient was 31.84%,the diversity index was between 0.691 8-2.003 0,and the average diversity index was 1.105 9;the biochemical components of tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi were abundant,the variation coefficient was between 10.89%-30.03%,and the average variation coefficient was 21.78%,the diversity index was between 1.770 1-2.049 2,and the average diversity index was 1.890 0;the results showed that the cluster analysis based on the phenotypic traits and the biochemical components were inconsistent,and the cluster analysis results were closely related to the diversity of the phenotypic traits,the biochemical components,the DNA molecule and the geographical distribution,so there were some limitations in the cluster analysis of the tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi based on the phenotypic traits or the biochemical components.The results showed that the geographical distribution of the tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi was individual, and Shaanxi had high genetic diversity and the breeding potential for excellent tea germplasm resources,but the genetic diversity of the tea germplasm resources in Shaanxi belonged to Jiangbei tea area, and was lower than the genetic diversity of the tea germplasm resources in Sichuan,Guangxi,Guizhou and other places in the tea area of Southern China,and we screened preliminaryly 3 tea germplasm resources with high water extract content(>50%),4 tea germplasm resources with high tea polyphenols content(>20%),4 tea germplasm resources with high amino acid content(>3%),3 tea germplasm resources with low caffeine content(<1.6%).
引文
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[5] 王新超,陈亮,杨亚军.广西茶树资源生化成分多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2010,11(3):309-314. WANG X CH,CHEN L,YANG Y J.Biochemical diversity analysis of tea germplasms in Guangxi[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2010,11(3):309-314.
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[7] 王小萍,唐晓波,王迎春,等.52份茶树资源生化组分的表型多样性分析[J].茶叶科学,2012,32(2):129-134. WANG X P,TANG X B,WANG Y CH,et al.Phenotypic diversity analysis of biochemical composition in 52 tea germplasms[J].Journal of Tea Science,2012,32(2):129-134.
[8] 堵源康,秦廷发,王子浩,等.云南35份茶树良种生化成分多样性分析[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(10):36-41. DU Y K,QIN T F,WANG Z H,et al.Diversity analysis of biochemical components of 35 tea germplasms in Yunnan[J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2013,35(10):36-41.
[9] 黄丹娟,马建强,陈亮.茶树DNA分子指纹图谱研究进展[J].茶叶科学,2015,35(6):513-519. HUANG D J,MA J Q,CHEN L.Research progress on DNA molecular fingerprinting of tea plant (Camellia sinensis)[J].Journal of Tea Science,2015,35(6):513-519.
[10] 黄丹娟.我国优良茶树品种遗传多样性分析及指纹图谱构建[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2016. HUAN D J.Genetic diversity and fingerprinting of Chinese improved tea cultivars[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2016.
[11] 陈熙.陕西茶树种质资源DNA指纹图谱构建[D].陕西汉中:陕西理工大学,2016. CHEN X.Construction of DNA fingerprint of tea germplasm in Shaanxi[D].Hanzhong Shaanxi:Shaanxi University of Technology,2016.
[12] 肖永绥.陕西茶树品种资源[J].作物品种资源,1986(4):13-15. XIAO Y S.Shaanxi tea germplasm resources[J].Crop Germplasm Resources,1986(4):13-15.
[13] 程良斌.陕西省茶树品种资源调查[J].中国茶业,1992,14(6):32-33. CHENG L B.Investigation of Shaanxi tea germplasm resources[J].China Tea,1992,14(6):32-33.
[14] 胡歆.陕西茶树种质资源研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(1):51-52. HU X.Research progress and prospect of tea germplasm in Shaanxi province[J].Journal of Aihui Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(1):51-52.
[15] 李剑.陕西茶树种质资源鉴定与评价[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008. LI J.Identification and evaluation of Shaanxi tea germplasm resources[D].Yangling Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University,2008.
[16] 蒋堃.陕西省高EGCG茶树种质资源筛选的研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010. JIANG K.The study on screening out specific tea plant resources with high EGCG content[D].Yangling Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University,2010.
[17] 李瑞.陕南茶区茶树种质资源的鉴定与评价[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011. LI R.Identification and evaluation of tea germplasm resources in southern Shaanxi[D].Yangling Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University,2011.
[18] 江昌俊.茶树育种学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005. JIANG CH J.Tea Plant Breeding[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005.
[19] 陈亮,杨亚军,虞富莲,等.茶树种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005. CHEN L,YANG Y J,YU F L,et al.Descriptors and Data Standard for Tea(Camellia spp.)[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005.
[20] 宛晓春.茶树生物化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003. WAN X CH.Tea Biochemistry[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2003.
[21] SHANNON C E,WEAVER W.The Mathem Atical Theory of Communication[M].Urbana:University of Illinois Press,1994:3-14.
[22] 王飞权,黄两成,罗盛财,等.46份茶树种质资源夏茶生化成分多样性分析[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(18):105-110. WANG F Q,HUANG L CH,LUO SH C,et al.Diversity analysis on biochemical components of summer tea of 46 tea plant germplasm resources[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(18):105-110.
[23] 陈正武,陈娟,龚雪,等.28份贵州茶树种质资源的生化成分多样性分析[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(4):1517-1523. CHEN ZH W,CHEN J,GONG X,et al.Diversity analysis for biochemical components of 28 tea germplasm resources in Guizhou[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2015,28(4):1517-1523.
[24] 苏会,刘建军,贺巍,等.豫南地区茶树种质资源多样性初探[J].河南农业大学学报,2016,50(4):479-485. SU H,LIU J J,HE W,et al.Diversity analysis of tea germplasm in southern Henan[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural University,2016,50(4):479-485.
[25] 莫岚,李华锋,滕杰,等.连南茶树资源的生化成分多样性分析[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(8):1351-1357. MO L,LI H F,TENG J,et al.Diversity of biochemical components for tea germplasm resources in Liannan[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2017,48(8):1351-1357.
[26] 丁洲,李烨昕,袁艺,等.安徽茶区优良群体种的表型性状和遗传多样性分析[J].茶叶科学,2018,38(2):155-161. DING ZH,LI Y X,YUAN Y,et al.Phenotypic traits and genetic diversity of elite tea population in Anhui(China)[J].Journal of Tea Science,2018,38(2):155-161.
[27] 王令,李佼,席彦军,等.基于SCoT标记的陕西茶树种质资源遗传多样性分析[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(2):244-252. WANG L,LI J,XI Y J,et al.Analysis on genetic diversity of tea germplasm in Shaanxi based on SCoT markers[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2018,27(2):244-252.
[2] 李瑞,肖斌,宋红霞,等.50份茶树种质资源农艺性状及其聚类分析[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(10):107-111. LI R,XIAO B,SONG H X,et al.Agronomic traits and cluster analysis of 50 tea germplasm resources[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2011,20(10):107-111.
[3] 蒋会兵,宋维希,矣兵,等.云南茶树种质资源的表型遗传多样性[J].作物学报,2013,39(11):2000-2008. JIANG H B,SONG W X,YI B,et al.Genetic diversity of tea germplasm resources in yunnan province based on phenotypic characteristics[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2013,39(11):2000-2008.
[4] 田甜,韦锦坚,韦持章,等.35份茶树种质资源农艺性状及生化成分多样性分析[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(5):797-804. TIAN T,WEI J J,WEI CH ZH,et al.Diversity analysis of agronomic traits and biochemical components for 35 tea germplasms[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2017,26(5):797-804.
[5] 王新超,陈亮,杨亚军.广西茶树资源生化成分多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2010,11(3):309-314. WANG X CH,CHEN L,YANG Y J.Biochemical diversity analysis of tea germplasms in Guangxi[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2010,11(3):309-314.
[6] 鄢东海,罗显扬,魏杰,等.贵州地方茶树资源的生化成分多样性及绿茶品质[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(3):81-85. YAN D H,LUO X Y,WEI J,et al.Biochemical components diversity and the quality of green tea on local tea germplasms resources in Guizhou[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(3):81-85.
[7] 王小萍,唐晓波,王迎春,等.52份茶树资源生化组分的表型多样性分析[J].茶叶科学,2012,32(2):129-134. WANG X P,TANG X B,WANG Y CH,et al.Phenotypic diversity analysis of biochemical composition in 52 tea germplasms[J].Journal of Tea Science,2012,32(2):129-134.
[8] 堵源康,秦廷发,王子浩,等.云南35份茶树良种生化成分多样性分析[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(10):36-41. DU Y K,QIN T F,WANG Z H,et al.Diversity analysis of biochemical components of 35 tea germplasms in Yunnan[J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2013,35(10):36-41.
[9] 黄丹娟,马建强,陈亮.茶树DNA分子指纹图谱研究进展[J].茶叶科学,2015,35(6):513-519. HUANG D J,MA J Q,CHEN L.Research progress on DNA molecular fingerprinting of tea plant (Camellia sinensis)[J].Journal of Tea Science,2015,35(6):513-519.
[10] 黄丹娟.我国优良茶树品种遗传多样性分析及指纹图谱构建[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2016. HUAN D J.Genetic diversity and fingerprinting of Chinese improved tea cultivars[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2016.
[11] 陈熙.陕西茶树种质资源DNA指纹图谱构建[D].陕西汉中:陕西理工大学,2016. CHEN X.Construction of DNA fingerprint of tea germplasm in Shaanxi[D].Hanzhong Shaanxi:Shaanxi University of Technology,2016.
[12] 肖永绥.陕西茶树品种资源[J].作物品种资源,1986(4):13-15. XIAO Y S.Shaanxi tea germplasm resources[J].Crop Germplasm Resources,1986(4):13-15.
[13] 程良斌.陕西省茶树品种资源调查[J].中国茶业,1992,14(6):32-33. CHENG L B.Investigation of Shaanxi tea germplasm resources[J].China Tea,1992,14(6):32-33.
[14] 胡歆.陕西茶树种质资源研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(1):51-52. HU X.Research progress and prospect of tea germplasm in Shaanxi province[J].Journal of Aihui Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(1):51-52.
[15] 李剑.陕西茶树种质资源鉴定与评价[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008. LI J.Identification and evaluation of Shaanxi tea germplasm resources[D].Yangling Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University,2008.
[16] 蒋堃.陕西省高EGCG茶树种质资源筛选的研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010. JIANG K.The study on screening out specific tea plant resources with high EGCG content[D].Yangling Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University,2010.
[17] 李瑞.陕南茶区茶树种质资源的鉴定与评价[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011. LI R.Identification and evaluation of tea germplasm resources in southern Shaanxi[D].Yangling Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University,2011.
[18] 江昌俊.茶树育种学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005. JIANG CH J.Tea Plant Breeding[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005.
[19] 陈亮,杨亚军,虞富莲,等.茶树种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005. CHEN L,YANG Y J,YU F L,et al.Descriptors and Data Standard for Tea(Camellia spp.)[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005.
[20] 宛晓春.茶树生物化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003. WAN X CH.Tea Biochemistry[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2003.
[21] SHANNON C E,WEAVER W.The Mathem Atical Theory of Communication[M].Urbana:University of Illinois Press,1994:3-14.
[22] 王飞权,黄两成,罗盛财,等.46份茶树种质资源夏茶生化成分多样性分析[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(18):105-110. WANG F Q,HUANG L CH,LUO SH C,et al.Diversity analysis on biochemical components of summer tea of 46 tea plant germplasm resources[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(18):105-110.
[23] 陈正武,陈娟,龚雪,等.28份贵州茶树种质资源的生化成分多样性分析[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(4):1517-1523. CHEN ZH W,CHEN J,GONG X,et al.Diversity analysis for biochemical components of 28 tea germplasm resources in Guizhou[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2015,28(4):1517-1523.
[24] 苏会,刘建军,贺巍,等.豫南地区茶树种质资源多样性初探[J].河南农业大学学报,2016,50(4):479-485. SU H,LIU J J,HE W,et al.Diversity analysis of tea germplasm in southern Henan[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural University,2016,50(4):479-485.
[25] 莫岚,李华锋,滕杰,等.连南茶树资源的生化成分多样性分析[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(8):1351-1357. MO L,LI H F,TENG J,et al.Diversity of biochemical components for tea germplasm resources in Liannan[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2017,48(8):1351-1357.
[26] 丁洲,李烨昕,袁艺,等.安徽茶区优良群体种的表型性状和遗传多样性分析[J].茶叶科学,2018,38(2):155-161. DING ZH,LI Y X,YUAN Y,et al.Phenotypic traits and genetic diversity of elite tea population in Anhui(China)[J].Journal of Tea Science,2018,38(2):155-161.
[27] 王令,李佼,席彦军,等.基于SCoT标记的陕西茶树种质资源遗传多样性分析[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(2):244-252. WANG L,LI J,XI Y J,et al.Analysis on genetic diversity of tea germplasm in Shaanxi based on SCoT markers[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2018,27(2):244-252.