国产傅立叶变换红外光谱温室气体在线监测仪及其在大气本底监测中的初步应用
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摘要
傅立叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)技术在大气环境在线监测领域有着广泛的应用,利用项目研制的基于傅立叶红外技术与White型多次反射池技术的国产FTIR系统,在龙凤山本底站进行了实际大气CH_4、CO、CO_2和N_2O的多组分在线测量,并与本底站多年业务运行的CRDS和GC系统的观测结果进行了同步对比分析。结果表明,(1)当前研制的FTIR原理样机的检出限较高,可满足高浓度温室气体排放的在线监测要求。但在大气本底监测方面,其与WMO-GAW的要求尚有一定差距,在检测能力(光能衰减、有效光程、波长校准、测量腔室等)、分析精度、不确定度以及系统稳定性等方面仍有较大的提升空间.(2)FTIR系统与CRDS和GC系统对大气CH4、CO观测的一致性变化趋势和相关性较好,CO_2和N_2O的一致性趋势不很理想,这与观测系统的原理、分析技术、样品处理以及数据处理方法等有关。
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)technique is widely used in the field of atmospheric environment observation.A in-situ FTIR analyzer system based on the combination of the technology of Fourier infrared spectrum and White type multiple reflection cell was used to measure the multi-species of CH_4,CO,CO_2 and N_2 O in the field of Longfengshan background GAW station,Heilongjiang,China,and its comparation with the CRDS and GC system was also carried out concurrently.The results show that,(1)the detection limit of FTIR principle prototype is a higher than that of design,which can satisfy the in-situ observation of high concentration of greenhouse gas emissions.However,there was still a certain gap between the syetem and the requirement of the WMO-GAW atmospheric background observation,which means that the domestic FTIR principle prototype has room for improvement in the detection ability(such as light energy attenuation,efficient optical path,the wavelength calibration and measurement chamber,etc.),the analysis precision,uncertainty,and the system stability,etc.(2)By comparison with CRDS and GC system,it was shown that there were a higher agreement on the trend consistency and correlation of CH4 and CO,although the trend consistency of CO_2 and N_2 O was not very ideal,which indicates that the performance of the analyzer system might be relative to the observation system,such as original principle,analysis and detect technology,ambient sample processing,data processing and so on.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)technique is widely used in the field of atmospheric environment observation.A in-situ FTIR analyzer system based on the combination of the technology of Fourier infrared spectrum and White type multiple reflection cell was used to measure the multi-species of CH_4,CO,CO_2 and N_2 O in the field of Longfengshan background GAW station,Heilongjiang,China,and its comparation with the CRDS and GC system was also carried out concurrently.The results show that,(1)the detection limit of FTIR principle prototype is a higher than that of design,which can satisfy the in-situ observation of high concentration of greenhouse gas emissions.However,there was still a certain gap between the syetem and the requirement of the WMO-GAW atmospheric background observation,which means that the domestic FTIR principle prototype has room for improvement in the detection ability(such as light energy attenuation,efficient optical path,the wavelength calibration and measurement chamber,etc.),the analysis precision,uncertainty,and the system stability,etc.(2)By comparison with CRDS and GC system,it was shown that there were a higher agreement on the trend consistency and correlation of CH4 and CO,although the trend consistency of CO_2 and N_2 O was not very ideal,which indicates that the performance of the analyzer system might be relative to the observation system,such as original principle,analysis and detect technology,ambient sample processing,data processing and so on.
引文
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[11]Qin Tianbao.The"Bottom-up"approach,in the Paris Agreement and its enlightenment[J].Chinese Review of International Law,2016(3):64-76(in Chinese).秦天宝.论《巴黎协定》中“自下而上”机制及启示[J].国际法研究,2016(3):64-76.
[12]Wang Shaowu,Luo Yong,Zhao Zongci,et al.Struggle for amelioration of global warming[J].Progressus Inquisitiones De Mutatione Clim atis,2013,9(1):61-66(in Chinese).王绍武,罗勇,赵宗慈,等.为减缓全球变暖而奋斗[J].气候变化研究进展,2013,9(1):61-66.
[13]Wei Yiming,Fan Ying,Wang Yi,et al.Suggestions and solutions to carbon emissions in China[J].Advances in Climate Change Research,2006,2(1):15-20(in Chinese).魏一鸣,范英,王毅,等.关于我国碳排放问题的若干对策与建议[J].气候变化研究进展,2006,2(1):15-20.
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[15]Zhou lingxi,Zhang Xiaochun,Hao Qing.ju,et al.Study of the background greenhouse gas observation[J].Advances in Climate Change Research,2006,2(2):63-67(in Chinese).周凌晞,张晓春,郝庆菊,等·温室气体本底观测研究[J].气候变化研究进展,2006,2(2):63-67.
[16]Liu Lixin,Zhou Lingxi,Zhang Xiaochun,et al.The characteristics of atmospheric CO2 concentration variation of four national background stations in China[J].Science in China:Series D Earth Sciences,2009,39(2):222-228(in Chinese).刘立新,周凌晞,张晓春,等.我国4个国家级本底站大气C02浓度变化特征[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2009,39(2):222-228.
[17]Jia Xiaofang,Zhang Xiaochun,Zhao Yanan,et al.Comparative analysis of CO2 background concentration between China mainland and neighboring countries and regions[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics,2017,12(2):120-127(in Chinese).贾小芳,张晓春,赵亚南,等.我国与周边国家和地区的CO_2本底浓度对比分析[J].大气与环境光学学报,2017,12(2):120-127.
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[19]Komhyr W D,Waterman L S,Taylor W R.Semiautomatic non-dispersive infrared analyzer apparatus for CO2air sample analysis[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,1983,88(C2):1315-1322.
[20]Zhang Xiaochun.The gas-chromatograph observation of atmosphere CO2 and CH4 background concentration[J].Qinghai Meteorology,1995(1):13-19(in Chinese).张晓春·大气二氧化碳和甲烷本底浓度的气相色谱监测[J].青海气象,1995(1):13-19.
[21]Zhang Xiaochun,Zhao Yucheng,Nie Hong,et al.New NDIR observation system of atmosphere CO2 background concentration and analysis of measurement[J].Qinghai Environmental,1998,8(4):149-152(in Chinese).张晓春,赵玉成,乜虹,等.新型大气二氧化碳本底浓度红外监测系统及其测量结果的分析[J].青海环境,1998,8(4):149-152.
[22]Fang Shuangxi,Zhou Lingxi,Zhang Fang,et al.Dual channel GC system for measuring background atmospheric CH_4,CO,N_2O and SF6[J].Acta Scientiae Circum Stantiae,2010,30(1):52-59(in Chinese).方双喜,周凌晞,张芳,等.双通道气相色谱法观测本底大气中的CH_4、CO、N_2O、SF6[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(1):52-59.
[23]Fang Shuangxi,Zhou Lingxi,Zang Kunpeng,et al.Measurement of atmospheric CO_2 mixing ratio by cavity ring-down spectroscopy(CRDS)at the 4 background stations in China[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(3):624-629(in Chinese).方双喜,周凌晞,臧昆鹏,等.光腔衰荡光谱(CRDS)法观测我国4个本底站大气CO_2[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(3):624-629.
[24]Liu Yingming,Wang Jian,Yu Dahai,et al.Review of integrated cavity output spectroscopy technology and its application[J].Optical Instruments,2009,31(5):87-91(in Chinese).刘英明,王健,俞大海,等.积分腔输出光谱技术及其应用综述[J].光学仪器,2009,31(5):87-91.
[25]Xia Lingjun,Liu Lixin,Zhou Lingxi,et al.Study on the in-situ measurement of greenhouse gas by an improved FTIR[J].Environmental Sicence,2013,34(11):4159-4164(in Chinese).夏玲君,刘立新,周凌晞,等.改进的大气CO_2、CH_4、N_2O、CO在线观测FTIR系统[J].环境科学,2013,34(11):4159-4164.
[26]Xu Liang,Liu Jianguo,Gao Minguang,et al.Monitoring and analysis of CO_2 and CH4 using long path.FTIR spectroscopy over Beijing[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2007,27(5):889-891(in Chinese).徐亮,刘建国,高闽光,等. FTIR监测北京地区CO_2和CH_4及其变化分析[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2007,27(5):889-891.
[27]Han Xiangyu,Lu Zhaofang.Greenhouse effect and greenhouse gases monitoring[J].Analytical Instrumentation,2011(6):72-74(in Chinese).韩香玉,卢照方.温室效应和温室气体监测[J].分析仪器,2011(6):72-74.
[28]Wang Wei,Liu Bing,Li Jianjun,et al.Progress on in-situ monitoring methods of atmospheric greenhouse gases[J].Environmental Engineering,2015(6):125-128(in Chinese).汪巍,刘冰,李健军,等.大气温室气体浓度在线监测方法研究进展[J].环境工程,2015(6):125-128.
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