2001-2015年浙江省常规早籼稻品种审定与推广现状
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摘要
为了筛选近年来浙江省审定的优良常规早籼稻品种,指导常规早籼稻选育与推广应用,本文对2001-2015年三个阶段("十五"、"十一五"、"十二五")审定的65个常规早籼稻品种产量、抗性、米质、生育期、穗粒结构等进行对比分析,并整理了浙江省选育的列入农业部统计的常规早籼稻品种应用情况以及品种间的血缘关系等信息。结果表明,相比"十五"和"十一五","十二五"选育的品种株高增加,有效穗数减少,穗型变大、千粒重增加,结实率下降,生育期延迟;不同阶段审定品种稻瘟病抗性均有较佳表现;稻米品质特性发生较大变化,食用优质品种减少,专用加工型品种增加;2001-2015年有62个浙江省选育常规早籼稻列入农业部统计,累计推广面积达到921.5万hm2,嘉育253、舟903、浙辐802等骨干亲本在生产中发挥了重大作用;"十二五"浙江省常规早籼稻选育存在品种同质化严重、生育期偏长、推广面积较小等问题。本研究结果表明,只有创新种质资源、调整育种目标、加大推广力度,才能保持浙江省在全国常规早籼稻育种的领先地位。
In order to screen the excellent conventional early indica rice varieties in Zhejiang province in recent years, guide the breeding and application of early indica rice. In this paper, the yield, resistance, rice quality, growth period, grain structure, promotion areas and genetic relationship of 65 conventional early indica rice varieties registered in Zhejiang province during 2001-2015 were compared and analyzed. The results showed that, the cultivars registered during the 12 th five year plan period showed a higher plant height, less effective panicles, bigger spike, increased 1 000-grain weight, decreased seed setting rate and delayed growth period com-pared to the cultivars registered in the 11 th and the 10 th five-year plan period. All cultivars registered in the three periods showed good resistance to rice blast disease. The number of high quality edible rice cultivars tend to decrease, while that of the processing cultivars tend to increase. The accumulative promoting areas of the 62 cultivars listed in the statistics of Ministry of Agriculture was9 215 khm2. The cultivars Jiayu 253, Zhou 903 and Zhefu 802 made important contribution to the production. The cultivars registered during the 12 th five-year plan period showed problems such as cultivar homogeneity, over-long growth period and small promotion ar-eas. In conclusion, to keep ahead in the conventional early indica rice breeding, Zhejiang province should make more efforts in the germplasm resources creation, continuously adjust breeding aim and increase cultivar popularization.
In order to screen the excellent conventional early indica rice varieties in Zhejiang province in recent years, guide the breeding and application of early indica rice. In this paper, the yield, resistance, rice quality, growth period, grain structure, promotion areas and genetic relationship of 65 conventional early indica rice varieties registered in Zhejiang province during 2001-2015 were compared and analyzed. The results showed that, the cultivars registered during the 12 th five year plan period showed a higher plant height, less effective panicles, bigger spike, increased 1 000-grain weight, decreased seed setting rate and delayed growth period com-pared to the cultivars registered in the 11 th and the 10 th five-year plan period. All cultivars registered in the three periods showed good resistance to rice blast disease. The number of high quality edible rice cultivars tend to decrease, while that of the processing cultivars tend to increase. The accumulative promoting areas of the 62 cultivars listed in the statistics of Ministry of Agriculture was9 215 khm2. The cultivars Jiayu 253, Zhou 903 and Zhefu 802 made important contribution to the production. The cultivars registered during the 12 th five-year plan period showed problems such as cultivar homogeneity, over-long growth period and small promotion ar-eas. In conclusion, to keep ahead in the conventional early indica rice breeding, Zhejiang province should make more efforts in the germplasm resources creation, continuously adjust breeding aim and increase cultivar popularization.
引文
[1]杨尧城,吴伟,蔡金洋,等.浙江省早籼稻高产育种的现状与思考[J].浙江农业科学,2015,56(5):620-624.
[2]农业部全国农技推广服务中心.全国农作物主要品种推广情况统计表(2001-2015)[Z].
[3]中国水稻研究所.国家水稻数据库(China Rice Data Center)[DB/OL].http://www.ricedata.cn/variety/index.htm.
[4]万建民.中国水稻遗传育种与品种系谱(1986-2005)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2009.
[5]农业部办公厅关于发布2016年超级稻确认品种的通知,农办科[2017]11号[Z].[2017-07-25]http://www.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/tzgg/tfw/201603/t20160314_5051895.htm.
[6]杨尧城,陈定夫,张云康,等.关于浙江省早籼稻育种方向的探讨[J].浙江农业科学,1997(6):254-256.
[7]俞法明.建国以来浙江省早籼稻发展状况和品种演变分析[M].杭州:浙江大学,2007.
[8]戴冬青,张华丽,马良勇,等.长江流域主要常规双季早籼稻的遗传相似性分析及指纹图谱构建[J].中国水稻科学,2017,31(1):40-49.
[9]罗炬,杨尧城,唐绍清,等.超高产早稻新品种中嘉早17的选育及栽培技术[J].中国稻米,2009,15(6):50-51.
[10]梁燕,季芝娟,杨长登,等.超级早稻中早39的稻瘟病抗性基因测定[J].中国稻米,2017,23(5):35-37.
[11]杨尧城.嘉育293的选育及对浙江省早籼育种的影响[J].中国稻米,1997,3(3):11-13.
[12]金林灿,吴国泉,陈国,等.甬籼15特征特性及栽培技术要点[J].中国稻米,2009,15(4):28-29.
[13]周清明,康春林,尹大德,等.超高产水稻品种理想型性状和优化配组新技术的研究[J].湖南农业大学学报,1996,22(1):1-5.
[14]杨尧城,陶继轩,何伟,等.关于浙江省常规早籼高产育种若干问题的思考[J].中国稻米,1998,4(2):3-6.
[15]马文波,马均,明东风,等.不同穗重型水稻品种剑叶光合特性的研究[J].作物学报,2003,29(2):236-240.
[16]程式华,曹立勇,陈深广,等.后期功能型超级杂交稻的概念及生物学意义[J].中国水稻科学,2005,19(3):280-284.
[17]盛大海,刘元英,李广宇.水稻源库关系研究进展与应用[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(5):117-122.
[18]季芝娟,曾宇翔,杨长登,等.超级早籼稻“中早39”的高产育种研究[J].中国生物工程杂志,2017,37(12):21-26.
[2]农业部全国农技推广服务中心.全国农作物主要品种推广情况统计表(2001-2015)[Z].
[3]中国水稻研究所.国家水稻数据库(China Rice Data Center)[DB/OL].http://www.ricedata.cn/variety/index.htm.
[4]万建民.中国水稻遗传育种与品种系谱(1986-2005)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2009.
[5]农业部办公厅关于发布2016年超级稻确认品种的通知,农办科[2017]11号[Z].[2017-07-25]http://www.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/tzgg/tfw/201603/t20160314_5051895.htm.
[6]杨尧城,陈定夫,张云康,等.关于浙江省早籼稻育种方向的探讨[J].浙江农业科学,1997(6):254-256.
[7]俞法明.建国以来浙江省早籼稻发展状况和品种演变分析[M].杭州:浙江大学,2007.
[8]戴冬青,张华丽,马良勇,等.长江流域主要常规双季早籼稻的遗传相似性分析及指纹图谱构建[J].中国水稻科学,2017,31(1):40-49.
[9]罗炬,杨尧城,唐绍清,等.超高产早稻新品种中嘉早17的选育及栽培技术[J].中国稻米,2009,15(6):50-51.
[10]梁燕,季芝娟,杨长登,等.超级早稻中早39的稻瘟病抗性基因测定[J].中国稻米,2017,23(5):35-37.
[11]杨尧城.嘉育293的选育及对浙江省早籼育种的影响[J].中国稻米,1997,3(3):11-13.
[12]金林灿,吴国泉,陈国,等.甬籼15特征特性及栽培技术要点[J].中国稻米,2009,15(4):28-29.
[13]周清明,康春林,尹大德,等.超高产水稻品种理想型性状和优化配组新技术的研究[J].湖南农业大学学报,1996,22(1):1-5.
[14]杨尧城,陶继轩,何伟,等.关于浙江省常规早籼高产育种若干问题的思考[J].中国稻米,1998,4(2):3-6.
[15]马文波,马均,明东风,等.不同穗重型水稻品种剑叶光合特性的研究[J].作物学报,2003,29(2):236-240.
[16]程式华,曹立勇,陈深广,等.后期功能型超级杂交稻的概念及生物学意义[J].中国水稻科学,2005,19(3):280-284.
[17]盛大海,刘元英,李广宇.水稻源库关系研究进展与应用[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(5):117-122.
[18]季芝娟,曾宇翔,杨长登,等.超级早籼稻“中早39”的高产育种研究[J].中国生物工程杂志,2017,37(12):21-26.