几种旱生灌木种子萌发特性及化学成分
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摘要
研究了旱生灌木白沙蒿(Artemisia sphaerocephala)、红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)、梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、羊柴(Hedysarum mongdicum)、霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)、白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)、沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)种子的化学成分、适宜发芽条件下的吸水发芽特性及两者之间的关系,测定和计算了其发芽率、吸水率,淀粉、脂肪、蛋白质、碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及C∶N、C∶P、N∶P值,并分析了这些指标间的相关性,以期归纳出西北干旱荒漠区植物种子萌发适应干旱环境的基本特性。结果表明:脂肪含量、蛋白质含量、氮含量与种子的最低萌发需水量之间呈显著正相关,而种子的单一化学成分及C∶N、C∶P、N∶P值并没有对发芽率形成显著影响。8种植物种子萌发对环境的适应机制大致可分为两类:需要外界较高水分供应,萌发迅速而集中;不需要外界较高水分的供应,萌发持续而分散。
The purpose of this paper was to study the relationship between seedsgermination and the chemical components of eight xerophytic shrubs(Artemisia sphaerocephala,Reaumuria soongorica,Haloxylon ammodendron,Hedysarum mongdicum,Zygophyllum xanthoxylum,Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.,Ammopiptanthus mongolicus,Caragana korshinskii)in suitable germination conditions.These seeds' content of starch,fat,protein,carbon(C),nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and germination rate and water absorption were detected,while the C∶N∶P ratios were estimated.The results showed that fat content,protein content,nitrogen(N)content had a significant positive correlation to the lowest water content of seed germination,while the single chemical composition and C∶N∶P of seed had no significant effect on germination rate.We divided the mechanism which the 8 species of seeds adapt to the environment into two categories:one needs a higher moisture and germinated rapidly and intensively;the other one needs a lower moisture and germinated continuously and dispersedly.
The purpose of this paper was to study the relationship between seedsgermination and the chemical components of eight xerophytic shrubs(Artemisia sphaerocephala,Reaumuria soongorica,Haloxylon ammodendron,Hedysarum mongdicum,Zygophyllum xanthoxylum,Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.,Ammopiptanthus mongolicus,Caragana korshinskii)in suitable germination conditions.These seeds' content of starch,fat,protein,carbon(C),nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and germination rate and water absorption were detected,while the C∶N∶P ratios were estimated.The results showed that fat content,protein content,nitrogen(N)content had a significant positive correlation to the lowest water content of seed germination,while the single chemical composition and C∶N∶P of seed had no significant effect on germination rate.We divided the mechanism which the 8 species of seeds adapt to the environment into two categories:one needs a higher moisture and germinated rapidly and intensively;the other one needs a lower moisture and germinated continuously and dispersedly.
引文
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[29]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[30]Borisova I V.Germination capacity and patterns of seed germination in some steppe and meadow plants of Mongolia[J].Botanic Zhur,1994,79(10):69-75.
[31]Zeng Y J,Wang Y R,Baskin C C,et al.Testing seed germination responses to water and salinity stresses to gain insight on suitable microhabitats for restoration of cold desert shrubs[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2014,100:89-92.
[32]黄振英,Gutterman Y,胡正海,等.白沙蒿种子萌发特性的研究Ⅰ.粘液瘦果的结构和功能[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(1):22-28.
[33]颜启传.种子学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.
[34]Fagan W F,Siemann E,Mitter C,et al.Nitrogen in insects:implications for trophic complexity and species diversification[J].The American Naturalist,2002,160(6):784-802.
[35]Gibson D M,Ullah A H J.Purification and characterization of phytase from cotyledons of germinating soybean seeds[J].Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics,1988,260(2):503-513.
[36]gren G I.The C∶N∶P stoichiometry of autotrophs-theory and observations[J].Ecology Letters,2004(7):185-191.
[37]张珂,陈永乐,高艳红,等.阿拉善荒漠典型植物功能群氮、磷化学计量特征[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(5):1261-1267.
[38]Gutterman Y.Seed Germination in Desert Plants[M].Berlin,Germany:Springer-Verlag,1993.
[2]周志宇,颜淑云,秦彧,等.阿拉善干旱荒漠区灌木多样性的特点[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(9):146-150.
[3]Gutterman Y.Survival strategies of annual desert plants[M].Berlin,Germany:Springer,2002.
[4]李利,张希明.中国内陆盐生荒漠两种盐生植物的种子萌发策略[J].中国科学:D辑,2006,36(A02):103-109.
[5]赵哈林.沙漠生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:104-133.
[6]韩瑾.中国北方旱生植物种子与水分相关的适应性策略研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2009.
[7]王彦荣,杨磊,胡小文.埋藏条件下3种干旱荒漠植物的种子休眠释放和土壤种子库[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(8):774-780.
[8]师尚礼.草类植物种子学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[9]Güsewell S.N∶P ratios in terrestrial plants:variation and functional significance[J].New Phytologist,2004,164(2):243-266.
[10]Wright I J,Reich P B,Westoby M,et al.The worldwide leaf economics spectrum[J].Nature,2004,428(6985):821-827.
[11]Vitousek P M,Porder S,Houlton B Z,et al.Terrestrial phosphorus limitation:mechanisms,implications,and nitrogenphosphorus interactions[J].Ecological Applications,2010,20(1):5-15.
[12]Canvin D T.The effect of temperature on the oil content and fatty acid composition of the oils from several oil seed crops[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,1965,43(1):63-69.
[13]Shimada T.Nutrient compositions of acorns and horse chestnuts in relation to seed-hoarding[J].Ecological Research,2001,16(4):803-808.
[14]Venkatachalam M,Sathe S K.Chemical composition of selected edible nut seeds[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2006,54(13):4705-4714.
[15]杨存义,赵云云,黄益安,等.大豆种子储藏性磷对幼苗适应低磷胁迫的作用[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(5):1004-1010.
[16]Panpraneecharoen S,Khamchum C,Vaithanomsat P.Variability of oil content,fatty acid composition and karanjin content in Pongamia pinnata and its relationship with biodiesel quality[J].Annual Research&Review in Biology,2014,4(14):2283-2294.
[17]王刚,梁学功,冯波.沙漠植物的更新生态位Ⅰ.油蒿、柠条、花棒的种子萌发条件的研究[J].西北植物学报,1995,15(5):102-105.
[18]Schwinning S,Ehleringer J R.Water use trade-offs and optimal adaptations to pulse-driven arid ecosystems[J].Journal of Ecology,2001,89(3):464-480.
[19]屠彩芸,郭凤霞,李新荣,等.种子预处理对唐古特白刺出苗和幼苗生长的影响[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(4):981-986.
[20]曾彦军,王彦荣,萨仁,等.几种旱生灌木种子萌发对干旱胁迫的响应[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(8):953-956.
[21]张勇,薛林贵,高天鹏,等.荒漠植物种子萌发研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(1):106-112.
[22]余进德,胡小文,王彦荣,等.霸王果翅及其浸提液对种子萌发的影响[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(1):143-147.
[23]贺宇,丁国栋,汪晓峰,等.水分和沙埋对4种沙生植物种子萌发和出苗的影响[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(6):1711-1716.
[24]International Seed Testing Association.International Rules for Seed Testing:Rules 1999:Adopted at the Twenty-fifth International Seed Testing Congress,South Africa 1998,to Become Effective in 1July 1999[S].International Seed Testing Association.
[25]Tobe K,Zhang L,Yu Qiu G,et al.Characteristics of seed germination in five non-halophytic Chinese desert shrub species[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2001,47(2):191-201.
[26]丁琼,王华,贾桂霞,等.沙冬青种子萌发及幼苗生长特性[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(4):633-639.
[27]曾彦军.干旱荒漠区几种优势植物种子萌发生态学研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010.
[28]高茜,李毅,苏世平,等.盐胁迫对红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)种子吸胀过程中生理特性的影响[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(1):83-87.
[29]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[30]Borisova I V.Germination capacity and patterns of seed germination in some steppe and meadow plants of Mongolia[J].Botanic Zhur,1994,79(10):69-75.
[31]Zeng Y J,Wang Y R,Baskin C C,et al.Testing seed germination responses to water and salinity stresses to gain insight on suitable microhabitats for restoration of cold desert shrubs[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2014,100:89-92.
[32]黄振英,Gutterman Y,胡正海,等.白沙蒿种子萌发特性的研究Ⅰ.粘液瘦果的结构和功能[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(1):22-28.
[33]颜启传.种子学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.
[34]Fagan W F,Siemann E,Mitter C,et al.Nitrogen in insects:implications for trophic complexity and species diversification[J].The American Naturalist,2002,160(6):784-802.
[35]Gibson D M,Ullah A H J.Purification and characterization of phytase from cotyledons of germinating soybean seeds[J].Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics,1988,260(2):503-513.
[36]gren G I.The C∶N∶P stoichiometry of autotrophs-theory and observations[J].Ecology Letters,2004(7):185-191.
[37]张珂,陈永乐,高艳红,等.阿拉善荒漠典型植物功能群氮、磷化学计量特征[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(5):1261-1267.
[38]Gutterman Y.Seed Germination in Desert Plants[M].Berlin,Germany:Springer-Verlag,1993.