阿拉善荒漠区五趾跳鼠不同年龄组体重与体尺特征的关系模型
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摘要
啮齿动物年龄的划分对研究其年龄结构和种群数量变化等生态学特征具有重要的意义。利用体重来划分年龄组不仅对于野外实验研究方便快捷,而且能够较为真实地反映年龄与其形态特征指标的关系。五趾跳鼠(Allactaga sibirica)是我国北方分布较为广泛的啮齿动物之一,对其年龄组进行划分,是了解其生活史特征的有效方法。本文利用系统聚类法对2012至2014年在内蒙古阿拉善荒漠区捕获的五趾跳鼠体重进行分析,将五趾跳鼠划分为3个年龄组,Ⅰ龄组体重62～80 g(包括80 g),Ⅱ龄组体重80～110 g(不包括80,但包括110 g),Ⅲ龄组体重> 110 g;并建立五趾跳鼠体重(W,g)与4个体尺特征指标体长(LB,mm)、尾长(LT,mm)、后足长(LP,mm)及耳长(LE,mm)的关系模型:Ⅰ龄组WⅠ=﹣1.032+0.137LB+0.259LT,R2=0.244,AIC=﹣50.394 1,F=0.005;Ⅱ龄组WⅡ=0.072+0.099LB+0.060LT+0.214LP,R2=0.212,AIC=﹣131.021 5,F=0.001。结果表明,五趾跳鼠的体尺指标在整个生长发育过程中并不是统一生长的,在特定阶段固定的体尺指标会开始生长。耳长在Ⅰ龄时已经完成生长或生长速度减缓;体长与尾长在Ⅰ龄时与体重具有较强的关系,在Ⅱ龄时生长速度减慢;后足长在Ⅱ龄时与体重关系较强,且生长速度加快;Ⅲ龄时体长、尾长和后足长停止生长或生长速度缓慢。荒漠区五趾跳鼠体重与体尺特征关系模型直观地反映了年龄与体尺特征的生长发育关系。
The sectionalization of rodent age have a far-reaching ecological significance for studying their age structure and population density variation. It is more convenience to identify rodent′s age by their body weight in the field study. Based on the systematic clustering method we weighed the body weight of five-toed jerboa captured in 2012﹣2014 and divided them into three different age groups(age group Ⅰ: 60﹣80 g; Age group Ⅱ: 80﹣110 g; Age group Ⅲ: > 110 g, Table 2). Then we established the relational model between weight and body characteristics, and group the captured ive-toed jerboa as three age groups: groupⅠ: WⅠ =﹣1.032 + 0.137 LB + 0.259 LT; age group Ⅱ: WⅡ = 0.072 + 0.099 LB + 0.060 LT + 0.214 LP. Here, W is body weight, LB is body length, LT is tail length, Lp back feet length. Our results showed that the body characteristics, such body length, tail length, back feet were not simultaneously growing in their body growths process. One body characteristic may grow at a specific stage, such as the ear length was growing or growing slowly at the age. The body length and the tail length had a strong relationship with weight in the ageⅠ, then slowed down during the age stage Ⅱ. The Bacj feet length was strong related with body weight at age Ⅱ and accelerated growth rate at age Ⅱ. However the body length, tail length and back feed length eigher stopped growing or growing slow down at age Ⅲ.
The sectionalization of rodent age have a far-reaching ecological significance for studying their age structure and population density variation. It is more convenience to identify rodent′s age by their body weight in the field study. Based on the systematic clustering method we weighed the body weight of five-toed jerboa captured in 2012﹣2014 and divided them into three different age groups(age group Ⅰ: 60﹣80 g; Age group Ⅱ: 80﹣110 g; Age group Ⅲ: > 110 g, Table 2). Then we established the relational model between weight and body characteristics, and group the captured ive-toed jerboa as three age groups: groupⅠ: WⅠ =﹣1.032 + 0.137 LB + 0.259 LT; age group Ⅱ: WⅡ = 0.072 + 0.099 LB + 0.060 LT + 0.214 LP. Here, W is body weight, LB is body length, LT is tail length, Lp back feet length. Our results showed that the body characteristics, such body length, tail length, back feet were not simultaneously growing in their body growths process. One body characteristic may grow at a specific stage, such as the ear length was growing or growing slowly at the age. The body length and the tail length had a strong relationship with weight in the ageⅠ, then slowed down during the age stage Ⅱ. The Bacj feet length was strong related with body weight at age Ⅱ and accelerated growth rate at age Ⅱ. However the body length, tail length and back feed length eigher stopped growing or growing slow down at age Ⅲ.
引文
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Brown L E.1969.Field experiments on the movements of Apodemus sylvaticus L.using trapping and tracking techniques.Oecologia,2(2):198-222.
Jennifer M B,Rudy B.2003.Age determination in yellow-pine chipmunks(Tamias amoenus):a comparison of eye lens masses and bone sections.Canadian Journal of Zoology,81(10):1774-1779.
Morris P.1972.A review of mammalian age determination methods.Mammal Review,2(3):69-104.
Yabe T.1979.Eye Lens weight as an age indicator in the Norway rat.The Journal of the Mammalogical Society of Japan,8(1):54-55.
董维惠,侯希贤,杨玉平,等.1991.用水晶体干重鉴定五趾跳鼠的种群年龄.动物学研究,12(3):265-270.
董维惠,侯希贤,周延林,等.2001.小毛足鼠种群年龄鉴定和组成的研究.中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,12(3):168-170.
房继明,王红梅,于晓东.1995.啮齿动物肥满度指标的探讨.生态学报,15(2):221-222.
洪朝长,陈小彬.1991.小家鼠的年龄鉴定及种群年龄组成的研究.中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2(6):377-381.
李俊,阿布力米提·阿不都卡迪尔.2007.红尾沙鼠(Meriones libycus)的年龄鉴定及种群年龄组成.干旱区研究,24(1):43-48.
李玉春,卢浩泉,张学栋,等.1989.黑线仓鼠的生长指标分析与年龄指标确定.兽类学报,9(1):49-55.
李仲来,刘天驰,牛勇.2004.锡林郭勒草原布氏田鼠体重和体长关系的研究.四川动物,23(1):24-28.
刘伟.2001.长爪沙鼠(Meriones unguiculatus)肥满度研究∥中国生态学会动物生态专业委员会、中国动物学会兽类学分会、广西师范大学.野生动物生态与管理学术讨论会论文摘要集.桂林:野生动物生态与管理学术讨论会.
卢浩泉,李玉春,张学栋.1987.黑线仓鼠种群年龄组成及其数量季节消长的研究.兽类学报,7(1):28-34.
米景川,包士俊.1989.蒙古旱獭体重体长变化及其年龄划分的研究.动物学研究,10(3):219-225.
施大钊.1991.内蒙古半荒漠地区啮齿动物调查初报.干旱区研究,(2):90-93.
王岐山,叶文虎,谭明文,等.1984.用体重和体长鉴定黑线姬鼠年龄方法的商榷.兽类学报,4(2):117-126.
王廷正,张越.1995.棕色田鼠种群年龄的研究.兽类学报,15(4):302-308.
王也,张文杰,任娅茹,等.2014.浑善达克沙地三趾跳鼠体重与年龄划分.动物学杂志,49(6):798-803.
武晓东,傅和平,庄光辉,等.2003.内蒙古阿拉善地区啮齿动物的地理分布及区划.动物学杂志,38(2):27-31.
武晓东,薛河儒.1992.长爪沙鼠种群年龄指标的主成分分析.中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,3(6):373-377.
薛河儒.1992.逐步判别分析在呼市地区长爪沙鼠年龄鉴定中的应用.内蒙古农牧学院学报,13(3):35-38.
杨荷芳.1990.小型兽类年龄鉴定方法简评.生态学杂志,9(2):56-57.
杨再学,郭世平.1995.褐家鼠肥满度的研究.生态学杂志,14(6):25-28.
姚伟兰,戚根贤,王骏,等.2000.褐家鼠的生长发育.中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,11(1):3-6.
张洁,周庆强,钟文勤,等.1978.布氏田鼠种群年龄的研究.动物学报,24(4):344-358.
张蓉,武晓东,袁帅,等.2017.阿拉善荒漠区子午沙鼠(Meriones meridianus)年龄组划分.内蒙古大学学报:自然科学版,48(2):153-158.
张越,王廷正,裘国勇,等.1997.棕色田鼠生长及年龄指标的评价.动物学研究,18(4):49-53.
赵肯堂.1978.内蒙古啮齿动物及其区系划分.内蒙古大学学报:自然科学版,(1):57-64.
赵肯堂.1985.长爪沙鼠的年龄鉴定.动物学杂志,30(1):4-6.
周延林,杨玉平,侯希贤,等.1992.五趾跳鼠出入蛰特征的调查.中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,3(1):32-36.
Brown L E.1969.Field experiments on the movements of Apodemus sylvaticus L.using trapping and tracking techniques.Oecologia,2(2):198-222.
Jennifer M B,Rudy B.2003.Age determination in yellow-pine chipmunks(Tamias amoenus):a comparison of eye lens masses and bone sections.Canadian Journal of Zoology,81(10):1774-1779.
Morris P.1972.A review of mammalian age determination methods.Mammal Review,2(3):69-104.
Yabe T.1979.Eye Lens weight as an age indicator in the Norway rat.The Journal of the Mammalogical Society of Japan,8(1):54-55.
董维惠,侯希贤,杨玉平,等.1991.用水晶体干重鉴定五趾跳鼠的种群年龄.动物学研究,12(3):265-270.
董维惠,侯希贤,周延林,等.2001.小毛足鼠种群年龄鉴定和组成的研究.中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,12(3):168-170.
房继明,王红梅,于晓东.1995.啮齿动物肥满度指标的探讨.生态学报,15(2):221-222.
洪朝长,陈小彬.1991.小家鼠的年龄鉴定及种群年龄组成的研究.中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2(6):377-381.
李俊,阿布力米提·阿不都卡迪尔.2007.红尾沙鼠(Meriones libycus)的年龄鉴定及种群年龄组成.干旱区研究,24(1):43-48.
李玉春,卢浩泉,张学栋,等.1989.黑线仓鼠的生长指标分析与年龄指标确定.兽类学报,9(1):49-55.
李仲来,刘天驰,牛勇.2004.锡林郭勒草原布氏田鼠体重和体长关系的研究.四川动物,23(1):24-28.
刘伟.2001.长爪沙鼠(Meriones unguiculatus)肥满度研究∥中国生态学会动物生态专业委员会、中国动物学会兽类学分会、广西师范大学.野生动物生态与管理学术讨论会论文摘要集.桂林:野生动物生态与管理学术讨论会.
卢浩泉,李玉春,张学栋.1987.黑线仓鼠种群年龄组成及其数量季节消长的研究.兽类学报,7(1):28-34.
米景川,包士俊.1989.蒙古旱獭体重体长变化及其年龄划分的研究.动物学研究,10(3):219-225.
施大钊.1991.内蒙古半荒漠地区啮齿动物调查初报.干旱区研究,(2):90-93.
王岐山,叶文虎,谭明文,等.1984.用体重和体长鉴定黑线姬鼠年龄方法的商榷.兽类学报,4(2):117-126.
王廷正,张越.1995.棕色田鼠种群年龄的研究.兽类学报,15(4):302-308.
王也,张文杰,任娅茹,等.2014.浑善达克沙地三趾跳鼠体重与年龄划分.动物学杂志,49(6):798-803.
武晓东,傅和平,庄光辉,等.2003.内蒙古阿拉善地区啮齿动物的地理分布及区划.动物学杂志,38(2):27-31.
武晓东,薛河儒.1992.长爪沙鼠种群年龄指标的主成分分析.中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,3(6):373-377.
薛河儒.1992.逐步判别分析在呼市地区长爪沙鼠年龄鉴定中的应用.内蒙古农牧学院学报,13(3):35-38.
杨荷芳.1990.小型兽类年龄鉴定方法简评.生态学杂志,9(2):56-57.
杨再学,郭世平.1995.褐家鼠肥满度的研究.生态学杂志,14(6):25-28.
姚伟兰,戚根贤,王骏,等.2000.褐家鼠的生长发育.中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,11(1):3-6.
张洁,周庆强,钟文勤,等.1978.布氏田鼠种群年龄的研究.动物学报,24(4):344-358.
张蓉,武晓东,袁帅,等.2017.阿拉善荒漠区子午沙鼠(Meriones meridianus)年龄组划分.内蒙古大学学报:自然科学版,48(2):153-158.
张越,王廷正,裘国勇,等.1997.棕色田鼠生长及年龄指标的评价.动物学研究,18(4):49-53.
赵肯堂.1978.内蒙古啮齿动物及其区系划分.内蒙古大学学报:自然科学版,(1):57-64.
赵肯堂.1985.长爪沙鼠的年龄鉴定.动物学杂志,30(1):4-6.
周延林,杨玉平,侯希贤,等.1992.五趾跳鼠出入蛰特征的调查.中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,3(1):32-36.