±400kV青藏直流输电线路外绝缘的高海拔地区运行适应性研究
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摘要
±400 kV青藏直流输电线路是世界上海拔最高的超高压输电线路,为保证线路外绝缘的安全稳定运行。通过典型间隙(棒–板、棒–棒)在海拔2 254、4 200以及5 200 m的地区雷电及操作波放电特性试验,得出了3个海拔高度的雷电及操作波放电电压曲线,并通过与IEC60071-2中的海拔修正方法的比较,发现标准中的海拔修正方法存在较大误差[1];在此基础上依据海拔2 254 m和5 200 m地区模拟杆塔试验数据,采用线性插值法推导出适用于±400 kV青藏直流输电线路杆塔在高海拔地区的海拔修正系数。后在±400 kV青藏直流输电线路1 335号杆塔上进行间隙放电试验,得出输电线路杆塔在各个海拔高度的雷电和操作放电电压,据此对线路的外绝缘运行适应性进行了科学评估。同时在海拔2254 m和5200 m的地区开展雨雾情况下的模拟杆塔间隙放电试验,得出雨雾的存在不会造成杆塔间隙外绝缘大幅度降低的结论。
The ±400 kV DC transmission line of Qinghai-Tibet power grid is the highest altitude EHV transmission lines in the world. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the insulation outside the line, we obtained lightning impulse(LI) and switching impulse(SI) discharge voltage curve and equation through LI and SI voltage discharge tests for the typical kinds of gap(rod-plate, rod-rod) at the altitudes of 2 254 m, 4 200 m, and 5 200 m. By comparison with the altitude correction method of IEC 60071-2, there is a big error in the standard. Based on the experimental data of analog pole tower in the area of 2 254 m and 5 200 m, the correction coefficient of the pole tower applied to the high altitude of the Qinghai-Tibet ±400 kV DC transmission line is derived by a linear interpolation method. After the gap discharge test was carried out on the pole tower No. 1 335 of ±400 kV Qinghai-Tibet DC transmission line, the lightning and switching impulse discharge voltages of the transmission line pole tower at various elevations are obtained, and the operation adaptability of the external insulation of the line is scientifically evaluated. At the same time, the simulated tower gap discharge test was carried out in the area of 2 254 m and 5 200 m. It is concluded that the existence of rain fog does not significantly decrease the insulation outside the tower gap.
The ±400 kV DC transmission line of Qinghai-Tibet power grid is the highest altitude EHV transmission lines in the world. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the insulation outside the line, we obtained lightning impulse(LI) and switching impulse(SI) discharge voltage curve and equation through LI and SI voltage discharge tests for the typical kinds of gap(rod-plate, rod-rod) at the altitudes of 2 254 m, 4 200 m, and 5 200 m. By comparison with the altitude correction method of IEC 60071-2, there is a big error in the standard. Based on the experimental data of analog pole tower in the area of 2 254 m and 5 200 m, the correction coefficient of the pole tower applied to the high altitude of the Qinghai-Tibet ±400 kV DC transmission line is derived by a linear interpolation method. After the gap discharge test was carried out on the pole tower No. 1 335 of ±400 kV Qinghai-Tibet DC transmission line, the lightning and switching impulse discharge voltages of the transmission line pole tower at various elevations are obtained, and the operation adaptability of the external insulation of the line is scientifically evaluated. At the same time, the simulated tower gap discharge test was carried out in the area of 2 254 m and 5 200 m. It is concluded that the existence of rain fog does not significantly decrease the insulation outside the tower gap.
引文
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[13]张文亮,谷琛,廖蔚明,等.超/特高压直流输电线路塔头间隙冲击放电特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(1):1-5.ZHENG Wenliang,GU Chen,LIAO Weiming,et al.Impulse voltage flashover characteristic of air gap in EHV/UHV DC transmission tower[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(1):1-5.
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[18]KRISHANAYYA P C S.An evaluation of the R&D requirements or deve-loping HVDC converter stations for voltage above 600 k V[R].Paris,France:CIGRE,1998.
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[20]TAKAMI J,OKABE S.Characteristics of direct lightning strokes to phase conductors of UHV transmission lines[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2007,22(1):537-546.
[21]HARA T,YAMAMOTO O.Modelling of a transmission tower for lightning-surge analysis[J].IEE Proceedings Generation Transmission and Distribution,1996,143(3):283-289.
[22]谷琛,张文亮,范建斌,等.棒-板间隙操作冲击放电电压的海拔校正[J].高电压技术,2012,38(1):140-146.GU Chen,ZHANG Wenliang,FAN Jianbing,et al.Altitude correction of switching im pulse flashover voltage of rod-plane air gap[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(1):140-146.
[23]交流电气装置的过电压保护和绝缘配合:DL/T 620-1997[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1997.Overvoltage protection and insulation coordination for AC electrical installations:DL/T 620-1997[S].Beijing,China:China Standard Press,1997.
[24]高压直流架空送电线路技术导则:DL/T 436-2005[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.Technical Guide for HVDC overhead transmission lines:DL/T436-2005[S].Beijing,China:China Standard Press,2005.
[25]康钧,李佩,王生富,等.盐雾对“棒-板”间隙交直流击穿电压的影响[J].高电压技术,2013,39(1):1892-1901.KANG Jun,LI Pei,WANG Shengfu,et al.Influence of salt spray on AC/DC breakdown voltage of rod-plane gap[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(1):1892-1901.
[2]曾嵘,庄池杰,余占清,等.长空气间隙放电研究的挑战与进展[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):2945-2955.ZENG Rong,ZHUANG Chijie,YU Zhanqing,et al.Challenges and achievementin long air gap discharge research[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):2945-2955.
[3]陈维江,曾嵘,贺恒鑫.长空气间隙放电研究进展[J].高电压技术,2013,39(6):1281-1295.CHENWeijiang,ZENG Rong,HE Hengxin.Research progress of long air gap discharges[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(6):1281-1295.
[4]陈秀娟,张翠霞,时卫东,等.±800 kV特高压直流输电线路绝缘配合的差异化[J].高电压技术,2015,41(5):1726-1731.CHEN Xiujuan,ZHANG Cuixia,SHI Weidong,et al.Insulation coordination differentiation for±800 kV UHVDC transmission line[J].High Voltage Engineer,2015,41(5):1726-1731.
[5]Insulation coordination part 2 application guide:IEC 60071-2:1996[S],1996.
[6]陈勇,孟刚,谢梁,等.750 kV同塔双回输电线路空气间隙放电特性研究[J].高电压技术,2008,34(10):2118-2123.CHEN Yong,MENG Gang,XIE Liang,et al.Research on air-gap discharge characteristics of 750 kV one tower double-circuit transmission line[J].High Voltage Engineer,2008,34(10):2118-2123.
[7]孙昭英,廖蔚明,宿志一,等.±800 kV直流输电工程空气间隙海拔校正系数试验研究[J].电网技术,2008,32(22):13-16.SUN Zhaoying,LIAO Weiming,SU Zhiyi,et al.Test study on the altitude correction factors of air gaps of±800 kV UHVDC projects[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(22):13-16.
[8]聂定珍,袁智勇.特高压直流换流站外绝缘海拔修正方法的选择[J].电网技术,2008,32(13):1-4.NIE Dingzhen,YUAN Zhiyong.Selection of altitude correction methods for external insulation of UHVDC converter station[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(13):1-4.
[9]赵宇明,黎小林,吕金壮,等.高海拔地区外绝缘参数海拔修正方法研究[J].南方电网技术,2011,5(2):59-63.ZHAO Yuming,LI Xiaolin,LüJinzhuang,et al.Study on the altitude correction method for external insulation parameters in high altitude areas[J].Southern Power System Technology,2011,5(2):59-63.
[10]许飞,黄志都,李恒灿,等.低海拔地区长空气间隙放电特性试验研究[J].南方电网技术,201l,5(3):41-44,85.XU Fei,HUANG Zhidu,LI Hengcan,et al.Experimental research of long air-gap discharge characteristics in low altitude area[J].Southern Power System Technology,2011,5(3):41-44,85.
[11]廖永力,李锐海,李小建,等.典型空气间隙放电电压修正的试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(28):171-176.LIAO Yongli,LI Ruihai,LI Xiaojian,et al.Experimental research on typical air gap test voltage correction[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(28):171-176.
[12]丁玉剑,廖蔚明,孙昭英,等.±1 000 k V直流输电线路塔头间隙冲击放电特性试验及海拔校正研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(34):156-162.DING Yujian,LIAO Weiming,SUN Zhaoying,et al.Experimental studies on impulse flashover characteristics of tower head air gaps of±l 000 k V DC transmission lines and altitude correction methods[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(34):156-162.
[13]张文亮,谷琛,廖蔚明,等.超/特高压直流输电线路塔头间隙冲击放电特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(1):1-5.ZHENG Wenliang,GU Chen,LIAO Weiming,et al.Impulse voltage flashover characteristic of air gap in EHV/UHV DC transmission tower[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(1):1-5.
[14]WATANABE Y.Switching surge flashover characteristics of extremely long air gaps[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1967,86(8):933-936.
[15]PARIS L,CORTINA R.Switching and lightning impulse characteristics of large air gaps and long insulator strings[J].IEEE Transactions on Power apparatus and systems[J].1968,87(4):947-957.
[16]BARNES H C,WINTERS D E.UHV transmission design requirement-witching surge flashover characteristics of extra long air gaps[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1971,90(4):1579-1589.
[17]NICHOLS D K,BOOKER J R,LARZELERE W.Testing and commissioning of modular UHV AC outdoor test system[J].IEEETransactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1984,103(7):1916-1922.
[18]KRISHANAYYA P C S.An evaluation of the R&D requirements or deve-loping HVDC converter stations for voltage above 600 k V[R].Paris,France:CIGRE,1998.
[19]MANZONI G,ANNESTRAND S A,CARDOSO R,et al.Electric power transmission at voltages of 1 000 kV AC or±600 kV DC and above[J].Electra,1989(122):40-75.
[20]TAKAMI J,OKABE S.Characteristics of direct lightning strokes to phase conductors of UHV transmission lines[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2007,22(1):537-546.
[21]HARA T,YAMAMOTO O.Modelling of a transmission tower for lightning-surge analysis[J].IEE Proceedings Generation Transmission and Distribution,1996,143(3):283-289.
[22]谷琛,张文亮,范建斌,等.棒-板间隙操作冲击放电电压的海拔校正[J].高电压技术,2012,38(1):140-146.GU Chen,ZHANG Wenliang,FAN Jianbing,et al.Altitude correction of switching im pulse flashover voltage of rod-plane air gap[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(1):140-146.
[23]交流电气装置的过电压保护和绝缘配合:DL/T 620-1997[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1997.Overvoltage protection and insulation coordination for AC electrical installations:DL/T 620-1997[S].Beijing,China:China Standard Press,1997.
[24]高压直流架空送电线路技术导则:DL/T 436-2005[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.Technical Guide for HVDC overhead transmission lines:DL/T436-2005[S].Beijing,China:China Standard Press,2005.
[25]康钧,李佩,王生富,等.盐雾对“棒-板”间隙交直流击穿电压的影响[J].高电压技术,2013,39(1):1892-1901.KANG Jun,LI Pei,WANG Shengfu,et al.Influence of salt spray on AC/DC breakdown voltage of rod-plane gap[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(1):1892-1901.