雾霾条件下支柱绝缘子的闪络特性
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摘要
为研究各因素对雾霾条件下支柱绝缘子闪络特性的影响,首先建立了适用于支柱绝缘子的人工盐雾模拟平台,以雾水电导率作为控制变量,采用恒压升降法法对110kV支柱绝缘子试品进行了人工污秽试验,给出了不同雾水电导率包括清洁雾条件下的支柱绝缘子的污闪特性;同时研究了不同伞形结构的5种支柱绝缘子在盐雾条件下的污闪特性,给出了盐雾条件下等效直径、伞下有无棱等伞形结构对绝缘子污闪电压的影响。结果表明:高雾水电导率条件在一定的污秽区间内对绝缘子污闪电压有影响,轻度污秽的绝缘子污闪电压下降较明显,对污秽盐密值>0.15mg/cm2的绝缘子污闪电压影响不明显;支柱绝缘子的等效直径直接影响其爬电距离利用率和污闪电压,等效直径较小的支柱绝缘子单位爬距的污闪电压较高,伞下有棱的绝缘子防污闪性能更好。
To analyze flashover characteristics of post insulators under fog and haze conditions, we established an artificial salt spray simulation platform for pillar insulators. The conductivity of fog water was taken as the control variable and the 110kV pillar insulator samples were subjected to artificial pollution tests with constant pressure lifting method. The pollution flashover characteristics of pillar insulators under different fog water conductivities including clean fog conditions were also given. At the same time, the pollution flashover characteristics of five kinds of pillar insulators with different umbrella structures under salt spray conditions were studied to illustrate different influences of equivalent diameter, umbrella structure in the presence or absence of ribs on the pollution flashover voltage of insulators. The results show that the condition of high fog water conductivity will influence the flashover voltage of insulator in a certain pollution, the pollution flashover voltage of insulator with slight contamination is obviously decreased, and the pollution flashover voltage of insulator with pollution value greater than 0.15 mg/cm2 is negligibly affected. Moreover, the equivalent diameter of the pillar insulator directly affects the creep distance utilization efficiency and the pollution flashover voltage. A smaller equivalent diameter indicates higher flashover voltage per creep distance, and insulators in the presence of ribs always perform better.
To analyze flashover characteristics of post insulators under fog and haze conditions, we established an artificial salt spray simulation platform for pillar insulators. The conductivity of fog water was taken as the control variable and the 110kV pillar insulator samples were subjected to artificial pollution tests with constant pressure lifting method. The pollution flashover characteristics of pillar insulators under different fog water conductivities including clean fog conditions were also given. At the same time, the pollution flashover characteristics of five kinds of pillar insulators with different umbrella structures under salt spray conditions were studied to illustrate different influences of equivalent diameter, umbrella structure in the presence or absence of ribs on the pollution flashover voltage of insulators. The results show that the condition of high fog water conductivity will influence the flashover voltage of insulator in a certain pollution, the pollution flashover voltage of insulator with slight contamination is obviously decreased, and the pollution flashover voltage of insulator with pollution value greater than 0.15 mg/cm2 is negligibly affected. Moreover, the equivalent diameter of the pillar insulator directly affects the creep distance utilization efficiency and the pollution flashover voltage. A smaller equivalent diameter indicates higher flashover voltage per creep distance, and insulators in the presence of ribs always perform better.
引文
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[7]袁田,向铁元,张锐,等.支柱瓷绝缘子污层泄漏电流及干带产生的边界条件研究[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):214-222.YUAN Tian,XIANG Tieyuan,ZHANG Rui,et al.Study on the leakage current and the boundary condition of dry band on pollution layer of porcelain post insulator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):214-222.
[8]李亚伟,杨昊,张乔根,等.基于上下表面电弧特性的交流绝缘子污秽闪络电压计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(30):5442-5450.LI Yawei,YANG Hao,ZHANG Qiaogen,et al.Modeling of AC arc discharge on insulators in consideration of arc characteristic differences between partial arcs on top and bottom wet-polluted dielectric surfaces[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(30):5442-5450.
[9]黄道春,李晓彬,徐涛,等.蒸汽雾中悬式绝缘子表面污层饱和附水量研究[J].高电压技术,2014,40(11),3349-3356.HUANG Daochun,LI Xiaobin,XU Tao,et al.Saturated absorption of water quantity on the pollution layer of suspension insulator surface in steam fog[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(11):3349-3356.
[10]顾乐观,张建辉,孙才新.支柱绝缘子污秽闪络机理分析[J].中国电机工程学报,1993,13(增刊1):78-82,71.GU Leguan,ZHANG Jianhui,SUN Caixin.Analysis on post insulators flashover chrateristics[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1993,13(supplement 1):8-82,71.
[11]董冰冰.雾对短空气间隙与绝缘子交流放电特性影响研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.DONG Bingbing.Influence of fog on AC discharge characteristics of short air gap and insulator[D].Chongqing,China:Chongqing University,2014.
[12]余德芬,顾乐观,孙才新,等.湿沉降对人工染污绝缘子闪络特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2001,27(4):54-56.YU Defen,GU Leguan,SUN Caixin,et al.The effect of wet precipitation on characteristics of artificial contaminated insulators[J].High Voltage Engineering,2001,27(4):54-56.
[13]王国利,张福增,关志成,等.高海拔直流外绝缘试验研究[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1109-1123.WANG Guoli,ZHANG Fuzeng,GUAN Zhicheng,et al.Experimentresearch of DC external insulation in high altitude area[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(4):1109-1123.
[14]陈秀娟,张翠霞,时卫东,等.±800kV特高压直流输电线路绝缘配合的差异化[J].高电压技术,2015,41(5):1726-1731.CHEN Xiujuan,ZHANG Cuixia,SHI Weidong,et al.Insulation coordination differentiation for±800kV UHVDC transmission line[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(5):1726-1731.
[15]张秉元,张仁豫,朱德恒.棒式支柱绝缘子结构形状对染污放电特性影响的研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),1984,24(4):72-82.ZHANG Bingyuan,ZHANG Renyu,ZHU Deheng.Study on the effect of post insulator contamination flashover characteristics of dtructure and shape[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),1984,24(4):72-82.
[16]张楚岩,张福增,李锐海.绝缘子人工污秽试验加压方式的比较[J].高电压技术,2013,39(1):44-53.ZHANG Chuyan,ZHANG Fuzeng,LI Ruihai,et al.Comparison of on-load voltage methods in artificial contamination test for insulators[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(1):44-53.
[17]ZHANG C,WANG L,GUAN Z.Investigation of DC discharge behavior of polluted porcelain post insulator in artificial rain[J].IEEETransactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2016,23(1):331-338.
[18]ZHANG C,WANG L,GUAN Z,et al.Pollution flashover performance of full-scale±800kV converter station post insulators at high altitude area[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2013,20(3):717-726.
[19]高嵩,张佰庆,崔艳东,等.长棒形瓷绝缘子交流污闪特性与污闪电压提高措施[J].高电压技术,2018,44(6):1891-1897.GAO Song,ZHANG Baiqing,CUI Yandong,et al.AC pollution flashover performance and anti-pollution precaution of porcelain long rod insulator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(6):1891-1897.
[20]刘琴,李瑶琴,谢梁,等.盐雾环境下清洁和染污绝缘子交流耐压特性[J].高电压技术,2018,44(9):2828-2834.LIU Qing,LI Yaoqin,XIE Liang,et al.AC withstand characteristics of clean and polluted insulators in salt-fog[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(9):2828-2834.
[21]BAKERA C,ZAFFANELLAL E,ANZIVINOL D,et al.A comparison of HVAC and HVDC contamination performance of station post insulators[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1989,4(2):1486-1491.
[22]MARDIKAM G,PURIT A,WALCHSM,et al.High voltage test on245kV post insulators with different materials[C]∥7th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering(ICITEE).Chiang Mai,Thailand:ICITEE,2015:394-397.
[23]NADERIAN A,SANAYE-PASAND M,MOHSENI H.A review of artificial contamination withstand test methods of high voltage outdoor insulators[C]∥2004 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation.Indianapolis,IN,USA:IEEE,2004:284-287.
[24]交流系统用高压绝缘子人工污秽试验方法盐雾法:GB/T4585.1-1984[S],1984.Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage insulators to be used on ACsystems salt-fog method:GB/T 4585.1-1984[S],1984.
[25]交流系统用高压绝缘子人工污秽试验方法固体层法:GB/T4585.2-1991[S],1991.Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage insulators to be used on ACsystems solid-layer method:GB/T 4585.2-1991[S],1991.
[2]徐国葆.我国沿海大气中盐雾含量与分布[J].环境技术,1994(3):1-7.XU Guobao.Air salt fog contamination distribution of China’s seashore[J].Environmental Technology,1994(3):1-7.
[3]吴光亚,姚忠森,何宏明,等.高压支柱瓷绝缘子运行事故分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2002(5):22-24,26.WU Guangya,YAO Zhongsen,HE Hongming,et al.Failure analyses for high voltage post insulators of ceramic material[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2002(5):22-24,26.
[4]王黎明,刘动,陈枫林,等.雾霾模拟方法及其装置研究[J].高电压技术,2014,40(11):3297-3304.WANG Liming,LIU Dong,CHEN Fenglin,et al.Fog simulation and the equipment research[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(11):3297-3304.
[5]卢明,刘动,陈枫林,等.雾霾环境对积污的影响[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(4):10-13,18.LU Ming,LIU Dong,CHEN Fenglin,et al.Influence of fog-haze environment on pollution[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(4):10-13,18.
[6]范建斌,宿志一,李武峰,等.高压直流支柱绝缘子和套管伞形结构研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(21):1-6.FAN Jianbin,SU Zhiyi,LI Wufeng,et al.Research on perales of HVDC post insulator and bushing[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(21):1-6.
[7]袁田,向铁元,张锐,等.支柱瓷绝缘子污层泄漏电流及干带产生的边界条件研究[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):214-222.YUAN Tian,XIANG Tieyuan,ZHANG Rui,et al.Study on the leakage current and the boundary condition of dry band on pollution layer of porcelain post insulator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):214-222.
[8]李亚伟,杨昊,张乔根,等.基于上下表面电弧特性的交流绝缘子污秽闪络电压计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(30):5442-5450.LI Yawei,YANG Hao,ZHANG Qiaogen,et al.Modeling of AC arc discharge on insulators in consideration of arc characteristic differences between partial arcs on top and bottom wet-polluted dielectric surfaces[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(30):5442-5450.
[9]黄道春,李晓彬,徐涛,等.蒸汽雾中悬式绝缘子表面污层饱和附水量研究[J].高电压技术,2014,40(11),3349-3356.HUANG Daochun,LI Xiaobin,XU Tao,et al.Saturated absorption of water quantity on the pollution layer of suspension insulator surface in steam fog[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(11):3349-3356.
[10]顾乐观,张建辉,孙才新.支柱绝缘子污秽闪络机理分析[J].中国电机工程学报,1993,13(增刊1):78-82,71.GU Leguan,ZHANG Jianhui,SUN Caixin.Analysis on post insulators flashover chrateristics[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1993,13(supplement 1):8-82,71.
[11]董冰冰.雾对短空气间隙与绝缘子交流放电特性影响研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.DONG Bingbing.Influence of fog on AC discharge characteristics of short air gap and insulator[D].Chongqing,China:Chongqing University,2014.
[12]余德芬,顾乐观,孙才新,等.湿沉降对人工染污绝缘子闪络特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2001,27(4):54-56.YU Defen,GU Leguan,SUN Caixin,et al.The effect of wet precipitation on characteristics of artificial contaminated insulators[J].High Voltage Engineering,2001,27(4):54-56.
[13]王国利,张福增,关志成,等.高海拔直流外绝缘试验研究[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1109-1123.WANG Guoli,ZHANG Fuzeng,GUAN Zhicheng,et al.Experimentresearch of DC external insulation in high altitude area[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(4):1109-1123.
[14]陈秀娟,张翠霞,时卫东,等.±800kV特高压直流输电线路绝缘配合的差异化[J].高电压技术,2015,41(5):1726-1731.CHEN Xiujuan,ZHANG Cuixia,SHI Weidong,et al.Insulation coordination differentiation for±800kV UHVDC transmission line[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(5):1726-1731.
[15]张秉元,张仁豫,朱德恒.棒式支柱绝缘子结构形状对染污放电特性影响的研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),1984,24(4):72-82.ZHANG Bingyuan,ZHANG Renyu,ZHU Deheng.Study on the effect of post insulator contamination flashover characteristics of dtructure and shape[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),1984,24(4):72-82.
[16]张楚岩,张福增,李锐海.绝缘子人工污秽试验加压方式的比较[J].高电压技术,2013,39(1):44-53.ZHANG Chuyan,ZHANG Fuzeng,LI Ruihai,et al.Comparison of on-load voltage methods in artificial contamination test for insulators[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(1):44-53.
[17]ZHANG C,WANG L,GUAN Z.Investigation of DC discharge behavior of polluted porcelain post insulator in artificial rain[J].IEEETransactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2016,23(1):331-338.
[18]ZHANG C,WANG L,GUAN Z,et al.Pollution flashover performance of full-scale±800kV converter station post insulators at high altitude area[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2013,20(3):717-726.
[19]高嵩,张佰庆,崔艳东,等.长棒形瓷绝缘子交流污闪特性与污闪电压提高措施[J].高电压技术,2018,44(6):1891-1897.GAO Song,ZHANG Baiqing,CUI Yandong,et al.AC pollution flashover performance and anti-pollution precaution of porcelain long rod insulator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(6):1891-1897.
[20]刘琴,李瑶琴,谢梁,等.盐雾环境下清洁和染污绝缘子交流耐压特性[J].高电压技术,2018,44(9):2828-2834.LIU Qing,LI Yaoqin,XIE Liang,et al.AC withstand characteristics of clean and polluted insulators in salt-fog[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(9):2828-2834.
[21]BAKERA C,ZAFFANELLAL E,ANZIVINOL D,et al.A comparison of HVAC and HVDC contamination performance of station post insulators[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1989,4(2):1486-1491.
[22]MARDIKAM G,PURIT A,WALCHSM,et al.High voltage test on245kV post insulators with different materials[C]∥7th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering(ICITEE).Chiang Mai,Thailand:ICITEE,2015:394-397.
[23]NADERIAN A,SANAYE-PASAND M,MOHSENI H.A review of artificial contamination withstand test methods of high voltage outdoor insulators[C]∥2004 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation.Indianapolis,IN,USA:IEEE,2004:284-287.
[24]交流系统用高压绝缘子人工污秽试验方法盐雾法:GB/T4585.1-1984[S],1984.Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage insulators to be used on ACsystems salt-fog method:GB/T 4585.1-1984[S],1984.
[25]交流系统用高压绝缘子人工污秽试验方法固体层法:GB/T4585.2-1991[S],1991.Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage insulators to be used on ACsystems solid-layer method:GB/T 4585.2-1991[S],1991.