考虑励磁的DFIG静止坐标系输入阻抗的频域建模与时变特性研究
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摘要
双馈风力串补输电系统的次同步谐振呈现频率时变特性,机理虽已有研究但尚需进一步阐释。双馈风机静止坐标系输入阻抗模型可物理意义明确地解释该现象,但已有模型并未考虑励磁。为此,利用小信号分析和谐波线性化法,在定子侧三相静止坐标系下,考虑励磁并计及扰动相序,采取逐层增加考虑因素的方法,该文建立考虑转子电流控制器和锁相环的双馈风机输入阻抗频域模型,给出阻抗的解析公式和等效电路拓扑,并解释锁相环作用的物理意义。从阻抗角度引入双馈风力串补输电系统的稳定判据,在分析输入阻抗及系统稳定性的影响因素后,研究并讨论双馈风机输入阻抗的时变特性,进而阐明双馈风力串补输电系统的次同步谐振频率时变的物理机制。PSCAD平台上搭建的双馈风力串补输电系统仿真验证了所建模型及衍生结论的正确性。
Though the mechanism of time-varying sub-synchronous resonance(SSR) frequency in the series compensated transmission system based on doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) has been studied, it is still necessary to clarify the mechanism more clearly. The modeling of input impedance could concisely analyze the characteristics of time-varying SSR frequency physically. However, the excitation has never been considered in DFIG impedance models. Thus, utilizing the small-signal analysis and harmonic linearization methods and considering excitation and disturbance phase sequence, the frequency-domain input impedance model was established in the stator static reference frame, which contains rotor current controller and phase-locked loop(PLL).The analytical impedance formula and equivalent circuit topology diagram were given. Also the physical meaning of PLL was explained. After introducing the stability criterion based on the input impedance and analyzing the influence factors of DFIG input impedance and the system stability, the time-varying characteristics of DFIG input impedance was proposed and studied. From the perspective of impedance, the physical mechanism of time-varying SSR frequency in DFIG series compensated transmission system was revealed. In PSCAD platform, the simulation cases verify the accuracy of the established model and its derivative conclusion as well.
Though the mechanism of time-varying sub-synchronous resonance(SSR) frequency in the series compensated transmission system based on doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) has been studied, it is still necessary to clarify the mechanism more clearly. The modeling of input impedance could concisely analyze the characteristics of time-varying SSR frequency physically. However, the excitation has never been considered in DFIG impedance models. Thus, utilizing the small-signal analysis and harmonic linearization methods and considering excitation and disturbance phase sequence, the frequency-domain input impedance model was established in the stator static reference frame, which contains rotor current controller and phase-locked loop(PLL).The analytical impedance formula and equivalent circuit topology diagram were given. Also the physical meaning of PLL was explained. After introducing the stability criterion based on the input impedance and analyzing the influence factors of DFIG input impedance and the system stability, the time-varying characteristics of DFIG input impedance was proposed and studied. From the perspective of impedance, the physical mechanism of time-varying SSR frequency in DFIG series compensated transmission system was revealed. In PSCAD platform, the simulation cases verify the accuracy of the established model and its derivative conclusion as well.
引文
[1]肖湘宁.新一代电网中多源多变换复杂交直流系统的基础问题[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(15):1-14.Xiao Xiangning.Basic problems of the new complex AC-DC power grid with multiple energy resources and multiple conversions[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(15):1-14(in Chinese).
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[7]董晓亮,谢小荣,杨煜,等.双馈风机串补输电系统次同步谐振影响因素及稳定区域分析[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):189-193.Dong Xiaoliang,Xie Xiaorong,Yang Yu,et al.Impacting factors and stable area analysis of subsynchronous resonance in DFIG based wind farms connected to series-compensated power system[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(1):189-193(in Chinese).
[8]Liu Huakun,Xie Xiaorong,Zhang Chuanyu,et al.Quantitative SSR analysis of series-compensated DFIG-based wind farms using aggregated RLC circuit model[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(1):474-483.
[9]Cheng Yunzhi,Sahni M,Muthumuni D,et al.Reactance scan crossover-based approach for investigating SSCI concerns for DFIG-based wind turbines[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(2):742-751.
[10]黄耀,王西田,陈昆明,等.双馈风电场次同步相互作用的机理仿真验证与实用抑制策略[J].电网技术,2016,40(8):2364-2369.Huang Yao,Wang Xitian,Chen Kunming,et al.SSI mechanism simulation validation and practical mitigation strategy of DFIG-based wind farm[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(8):2364-2369(in Chinese).
[11]董晓亮,谢小荣,李江,等.大型风电场中不同位置的风机对次同步谐振特性影响程度的比较分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(20):5173-5180.Dong Xiaoliang,Xie Xiaorong,Li Jiang,et al.Comparative study of the impact on subsynchronous resonance characteristics from the different location of wind generators in a large wind farm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(20):5173-5180(in Chinese).
[12]Fan Lingling,Miao Zhixin.Nyquist-stability-criterionbased SSR explanation for type-3 wind generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2012,27(3):807-809.
[13]Sun Jian.Small-signal methods for AC distributed power systems-a review[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2009,24(11):2545-2554.
[14]Huang Jing,Corzine K A,Belkhayat M.Small-signal impedance measurement of power-electronics-based AC power systems using line-to-line current injection[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2009,24(2):445-455.
[15]陈新,张旸,王赟程.基于阻抗分析法研究光伏并网逆变器与电网的动态交互影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(27):4559-4567.Chen Xin,Zhang Yang,Wang Yuncheng.A study of dynamic interaction between PV grid-connected inverters and grid based on the impedance analysis method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(27):4559-4567(in Chinese).
[16]Wen Bo,Boroyevich D,Burgos R,et al.Small-signal stability analysis of three-phase AC systems in the presence of constant power loads based on measured d-q frame impedances[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(10):5952-5963.
[17]Wen Bo,Boroyevich D,Burgos R,et al.Analysis of D-Q small-signal impedance of grid-tied inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(1):675-687.
[18]Harnefors L,Bongiorno M,Lundberg S.Input-admittance calculation and shaping for controlled voltage-source converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2007,54(6):3323-3334.
[19]Sun Jian,Bing Zhonghui,Karimi K J.Input impedance modeling of multipulse rectifiers by harmonic linearization[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2009,24(12):2812-2820.
[20]王赟程,陈新,陈杰,等.基于谐波线性化的三相LCL型并网逆变器正负序阻抗建模分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(21):5890-5898.Wang Yuncheng,Chen Xin,Chen Jie,et al.Analysis of positive-sequence and negative-sequence impedance modeling of three-phase LCL-type grid-connected inverters based on harmonic linearization[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(21):5890-5898(in Chinese).
[21]Cespedes M,Sun Jian.Impedance modeling and analysis of grid-connected voltage-source converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(3):1254-1261.
[22]年珩,杨洪雨.不平衡运行工况下并网逆变器的阻抗建模及稳定性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(10):76-83.Nian Heng,Yang Hongyu.Impedance modeling and stability analysis of grid-connected inverters under unbalanced operation conditions[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(10):76-83(in Chinese).
[23]王亮,谢小荣,姜齐荣,等.大规模双馈风电场次同步谐振的分析与抑制[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(22):26-31.Wang Liang,Xie Xiaorong,Jiang Qirong,et al.Analysis and mitigation of SSR problems in large-scale wind farms with doubly-fed wind turbines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(22):26-31(in Chinese).
[24]Miao Zhixin.Impedance-model-based SSR analysis for type 3 wind generator and series-compensated network[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2012,27(4):984-991.
[25]Céspedes M,Sun Jian.Modeling and mitigation of harmonic resonance between wind turbines and the grid[C]//Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.Phoenix,AZ,USA:IEEE,2011.
[26]Xi Xinze,Geng Hua,Yang Geng.Enhanced model of the doubly fed induction generator-based wind farm for smallsignal stability studies of weak power system[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2014,8(7):765-774.
[27]张宝群,张伯明,吴文传.定子磁链暂态对双馈感应电机接入系统小干扰稳定的影响[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2011,51(3):367-370.Zhang Baoqun,Zhang Boming,Wu Wenchuan.Impact of DFIG stator flux transients on power system small signal stability[J].Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology,2011,51(3):367-370(in Chinese).
[28]贺益康,胡家兵,徐烈.并网双馈异步风力发电机运行控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2012:60-61.He Yikang,Hu Jiabing,Xu Lie.The operation control of grid-connected doubly fed induction generators[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2012:60-61(in Chinese).
[29]张旸,陈新,王昀,等.弱电网下并网逆变器的阻抗相角动态控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(1):97-106.Zhang Yang,Chen Xin,Wang Yun,et al.Impedancephased dynamic control method of grid-connected inverters under weak grid condition[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(1):97-106(in Chinese).
[2]吕敬,董鹏,施刚,等.大型双馈风电场经MMC-HVDC并网的次同步振荡及其抑制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(19):4852-4860.LüJing,Dong Peng,Shi Gang,et al.Subsynchronous oscillation and its mitigation of MMC-based HVDC with large doubly-fed induction generator-based wind farm integration[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(19):4852-4860(in Chinese).
[3]张学广,马彦,王天一,等.弱电网下双馈发电机输入导纳建模及稳定性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(5):1507-1515.Zhang Xueguang,Ma Yan,Wang Tianyi,et al.Input admittance modeling and stability analysis of DFIG under weak grid condition[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(5):1507-1515(in Chinese).
[4]贺益康,胡家兵.双馈异步风力发电机并网运行中的几个热点问题[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(27):1-15.He Yikang,Hu Jiabing.Several hot-spot issues associated with the grid-connected operations of wind-turbine driven doubly fed induction generators[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(27):1-15(in Chinese).
[5]Narendra K,Fedirchuk D,Midence R,et al.New microprocessor based relay to monitor and protect power systems against sub-harmonics[C]//Proceedings of the2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference.Winnipeg,MB,Canada:2011:438-443.
[6]董晓亮,谢小荣,韩英铎,等.基于定转子转矩分析法的双馈风机次同步谐振机理研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(19):4861-4869.Dong Xiaoliang,Xie Xiaorong,Han Yingduo,et al.Mechanism study of DFIG-related SSR based on separate stator and rotor torque analysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(19):4861-4869(in Chinese).
[7]董晓亮,谢小荣,杨煜,等.双馈风机串补输电系统次同步谐振影响因素及稳定区域分析[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):189-193.Dong Xiaoliang,Xie Xiaorong,Yang Yu,et al.Impacting factors and stable area analysis of subsynchronous resonance in DFIG based wind farms connected to series-compensated power system[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(1):189-193(in Chinese).
[8]Liu Huakun,Xie Xiaorong,Zhang Chuanyu,et al.Quantitative SSR analysis of series-compensated DFIG-based wind farms using aggregated RLC circuit model[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(1):474-483.
[9]Cheng Yunzhi,Sahni M,Muthumuni D,et al.Reactance scan crossover-based approach for investigating SSCI concerns for DFIG-based wind turbines[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(2):742-751.
[10]黄耀,王西田,陈昆明,等.双馈风电场次同步相互作用的机理仿真验证与实用抑制策略[J].电网技术,2016,40(8):2364-2369.Huang Yao,Wang Xitian,Chen Kunming,et al.SSI mechanism simulation validation and practical mitigation strategy of DFIG-based wind farm[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(8):2364-2369(in Chinese).
[11]董晓亮,谢小荣,李江,等.大型风电场中不同位置的风机对次同步谐振特性影响程度的比较分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(20):5173-5180.Dong Xiaoliang,Xie Xiaorong,Li Jiang,et al.Comparative study of the impact on subsynchronous resonance characteristics from the different location of wind generators in a large wind farm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(20):5173-5180(in Chinese).
[12]Fan Lingling,Miao Zhixin.Nyquist-stability-criterionbased SSR explanation for type-3 wind generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2012,27(3):807-809.
[13]Sun Jian.Small-signal methods for AC distributed power systems-a review[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2009,24(11):2545-2554.
[14]Huang Jing,Corzine K A,Belkhayat M.Small-signal impedance measurement of power-electronics-based AC power systems using line-to-line current injection[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2009,24(2):445-455.
[15]陈新,张旸,王赟程.基于阻抗分析法研究光伏并网逆变器与电网的动态交互影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(27):4559-4567.Chen Xin,Zhang Yang,Wang Yuncheng.A study of dynamic interaction between PV grid-connected inverters and grid based on the impedance analysis method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(27):4559-4567(in Chinese).
[16]Wen Bo,Boroyevich D,Burgos R,et al.Small-signal stability analysis of three-phase AC systems in the presence of constant power loads based on measured d-q frame impedances[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(10):5952-5963.
[17]Wen Bo,Boroyevich D,Burgos R,et al.Analysis of D-Q small-signal impedance of grid-tied inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(1):675-687.
[18]Harnefors L,Bongiorno M,Lundberg S.Input-admittance calculation and shaping for controlled voltage-source converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2007,54(6):3323-3334.
[19]Sun Jian,Bing Zhonghui,Karimi K J.Input impedance modeling of multipulse rectifiers by harmonic linearization[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2009,24(12):2812-2820.
[20]王赟程,陈新,陈杰,等.基于谐波线性化的三相LCL型并网逆变器正负序阻抗建模分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(21):5890-5898.Wang Yuncheng,Chen Xin,Chen Jie,et al.Analysis of positive-sequence and negative-sequence impedance modeling of three-phase LCL-type grid-connected inverters based on harmonic linearization[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(21):5890-5898(in Chinese).
[21]Cespedes M,Sun Jian.Impedance modeling and analysis of grid-connected voltage-source converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(3):1254-1261.
[22]年珩,杨洪雨.不平衡运行工况下并网逆变器的阻抗建模及稳定性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(10):76-83.Nian Heng,Yang Hongyu.Impedance modeling and stability analysis of grid-connected inverters under unbalanced operation conditions[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(10):76-83(in Chinese).
[23]王亮,谢小荣,姜齐荣,等.大规模双馈风电场次同步谐振的分析与抑制[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(22):26-31.Wang Liang,Xie Xiaorong,Jiang Qirong,et al.Analysis and mitigation of SSR problems in large-scale wind farms with doubly-fed wind turbines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(22):26-31(in Chinese).
[24]Miao Zhixin.Impedance-model-based SSR analysis for type 3 wind generator and series-compensated network[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2012,27(4):984-991.
[25]Céspedes M,Sun Jian.Modeling and mitigation of harmonic resonance between wind turbines and the grid[C]//Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.Phoenix,AZ,USA:IEEE,2011.
[26]Xi Xinze,Geng Hua,Yang Geng.Enhanced model of the doubly fed induction generator-based wind farm for smallsignal stability studies of weak power system[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2014,8(7):765-774.
[27]张宝群,张伯明,吴文传.定子磁链暂态对双馈感应电机接入系统小干扰稳定的影响[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2011,51(3):367-370.Zhang Baoqun,Zhang Boming,Wu Wenchuan.Impact of DFIG stator flux transients on power system small signal stability[J].Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology,2011,51(3):367-370(in Chinese).
[28]贺益康,胡家兵,徐烈.并网双馈异步风力发电机运行控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2012:60-61.He Yikang,Hu Jiabing,Xu Lie.The operation control of grid-connected doubly fed induction generators[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2012:60-61(in Chinese).
[29]张旸,陈新,王昀,等.弱电网下并网逆变器的阻抗相角动态控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(1):97-106.Zhang Yang,Chen Xin,Wang Yun,et al.Impedancephased dynamic control method of grid-connected inverters under weak grid condition[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(1):97-106(in Chinese).