不利结构面对高拱坝整体稳定影响及加固分析
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摘要
坝肩稳定是高拱坝长期安全稳定最重要的问题之一,针对坝肩不利结构面的合理加固对保障高拱坝整体稳定至关重要。在复杂地基条件下,高拱坝整体稳定经常面临不利结构面的潜在影响,如坝肩抗力体内的滑块稳定性、断层及软弱带引起拱端变形、传力不协调等。结合实际工程,基于地质力学模型试验和三维非线性有限元成果,本文就坝肩不利结构面加固前后对高拱坝整体稳定影响进行分析,并总结了高拱坝四类典型不利结构面分布条件下的加固措施。研究成果可为类似工程整体稳定与加固分析提供参考。
Abutment stability is the most important factor in the overall stability of high arch dams, and reinforcement measures against adverse structural planes are crucial to guarantee the overall stability.Under complicated dam foundation conditions, unfavorable structural planes usually have a potential influence on the overall stability, such as wedge stability at abutment and uncoordinated deformation and force transmission due to faults and weak belts. This paper presents an analysis on the overall stability for typical high arch dam projects under the conditions of natural and reinforced structural planes based on the results of geomechanical model tests and nonlinear FEM calculations, and summarizes four typical types of structural planes at dam abutments and the corresponding reinforcement measures.
Abutment stability is the most important factor in the overall stability of high arch dams, and reinforcement measures against adverse structural planes are crucial to guarantee the overall stability.Under complicated dam foundation conditions, unfavorable structural planes usually have a potential influence on the overall stability, such as wedge stability at abutment and uncoordinated deformation and force transmission due to faults and weak belts. This paper presents an analysis on the overall stability for typical high arch dam projects under the conditions of natural and reinforced structural planes based on the results of geomechanical model tests and nonlinear FEM calculations, and summarizes four typical types of structural planes at dam abutments and the corresponding reinforcement measures.
引文
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[15]蒋昱州,姜小兰,王瑞红,等.乌东德双曲拱坝三维地质力学模型试验研究[J].长江科学院院报,2014,31(10):139-145.JIANG Yuzhou,JIANG Xiaolan,WANG Ruihong,et al.Geomechanical model test on global stability of Wudongde double-curvature arch dam[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2014,31(10):139-145.(in Chinese)
[16]何显松,马洪琪,张林,等.地质力学模型试验方法与变温相似模型材料研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,28(5):980-986.HE Xiansong,MA Hongqi,ZHANG Lin,et al.Study of test method of geomechanical model and temperature analogous model material[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,28(5):980-986.(in Chinese)
[17]XU J K,WANG E Y,LI Z H,et al.Study and application of monitoring plane displacement of a similarity model based on time-series images[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2011,21(4):501-505.
[18]周维垣,杨若琼,剡公瑞.大坝整体稳定分析系统[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(5):424-430.ZHOU Weiyuan,YANG Ruoqiong,YAN Gongrui.Stability analysis system for large dams[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,16(5):424-430.(in Chinese)
[19]陈卫忠,朱维申,邱祥波,等.小湾水电站拱坝坝肩岩体加固方案分析研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(3):374-378.CHEN Weizhong,ZHU Weishen,QIU Xiangbo,et al.Research on reinforcement scheme for xiaowan abutment[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(3):374-378.(in Chinese)
[20]LIN P,MA T H,LIANG Z Z,et al.Failure and overall stability analysis on high arch dam based on DFPA code[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2014,45(1):164-184.
[21]宁宇,徐卫亚,郑文棠,等.白鹤滩水电站拱坝及坝肩加固效果分析及整体安全度评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1890-1898.NING Yu,XU Weiya,ZHENG Wentang,et al.Reinforcement effect analysis and global safety evaluation of arch dam and abutment of Baihetan hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1890-1898.(in Chinese)
[22]董建华,张林,徐远飞,等.突变理论在地质力学模型试验失稳判据中的应用[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(4):18-25.DONG Jianhua,ZHANG Lin,XU Xuanfei,et al.Application of catastrophe theory to determine the instability criterion for geo-mechanical model test[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2017,49(4):18-25.(in Chinese)
[23]林鹏,王仁坤,康绳祖,等.特高拱坝基础破坏、加固与稳定关键问题研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(10):1945-1958.LIN Peng,WANG Renkun,KANG Shengzu,et al.Key problems of foundation failure,reinforcement and stability for superhigh arch dams[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(10):1945-1958.(in Chinese)
[24]JIN F,HU W,PAN J W,et al.Comparative study procedure for the safety evaluation of high arch dams[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2011,38(3):306-317.
[2]谷德振.岩体工程地质力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,1979:204-207.GU Dezhen.Rock mass engineering geology mechanical basis[M].Beijing:Science Press,1979:204-207.(in Chinese)
[3]王仁坤,林鹏,周维垣.复杂地基上高拱坝开裂与稳定研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(10):1951-1958.WANG Renkun,LIN Peng,ZHOU Weiyuan.Study on cracking and stability problems of high arch dams on complicated foundation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(10):1951-1958.(in Chinese)
[4]林鹏,石杰,周华,等.乌东德坝肩结构面影响及协调加固稳定分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(S2):3937-3946.LIN Peng,SHI Jie,ZHOU Hua,et al.Stability analysis on structural plane effects and compatible reinforcement relating to Wudongde dam abutments[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(S2):3937-3946.(in Chinese)
[5]LIN P,ZHOU W Y,LIU H Y.Experimental study on cracking,reinforcement,and overall stability of the Xiaowan super-high arch dam[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,48(2):819-841.
[6]周维垣,林鹏,杨若琼,等.高拱坝地质力学模型试验方法与应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.ZHOU Weiyuan,LIN Peng,YANG Ruoqiong,et al.Method and application of geomechanics model test on high arch dam[M].Beijing:China Water and Power Press,2008.(in Chinese)
[7]黄岩松,周维垣,杨若琼,等.拉西瓦拱坝稳定性分析和评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):901-905.HUANG Yansong,ZHOU Weiyuan,YANG Ruoqiong,et al.Stability analysis and evaluation of Laxiwa arch dam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):901-905.(in Chinese)
[8]董建华,谢和平,张林,等.大岗山双曲拱坝整体稳定三维地质力学模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(10):2027-2033.DONG Jianhua,XIE Heping,ZHANG Lin,et al.Experimental study of 3D geomechanical model on global stability of Dagangshan double curvature arch dam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(10):2027-2033.(in Chinese)
[9]段斌,张林,陈刚,等.高拱坝整体稳定地质力学模型综合法试验与数值分析[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(4):166-170.DUAN Bin,ZHANG Lin,CHEN Gang,et al.Experiment and numerical analysis on global stability of high arch dam geomechanical model[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(4):166-170.(in Chinese)
[10]SHI J,LIN P,ZHOU Y D,et al.Reinforcement analysis of toe blocks and anchor cables at the Xiluodu super-high arch dam[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2018,51(8):2533-2554.
[11]LIN P,SHI J,ZHOU W Y,et al.3D geomechanical model tests on asymmetric reinforcement and overall stability relating to the Jinping I super-high arch dam[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2018,102:28-41.
[12]杨庚鑫,吕文龙,张林,等.高拱坝坝肩稳定三维地质力学模型破坏试验研究[J].水力发电学报,2010,29(5):82-86.YANG Gengxin,LV Wenlong,ZHANG Lin,et al.Study on the abutment stability of high arch dams by failure test on a three-dimensional geomechanical model[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2010,29(5):82-86.(in Chinese)
[13]杨宝全,张林,陈媛,等.锦屏一级高拱坝整体稳定物理与数值模拟综合分析[J].水利学报,2017,48(2):175-183.YANG Baoquan,ZHANG Lin,CHEN Yuan,et al.Experimental and numerical comprehensive analysis on overall stability of Jinping I high arch dam[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2017,48(2):175-183.(in Chinese)
[14]SONG Z H,LIU Y R,YANG Q.Experimental and numerical investigation on the stability of a high arch dam with typical problems of nonsymmetry:Baihetan Dam,China[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2016,75(4):1555-1570.
[15]蒋昱州,姜小兰,王瑞红,等.乌东德双曲拱坝三维地质力学模型试验研究[J].长江科学院院报,2014,31(10):139-145.JIANG Yuzhou,JIANG Xiaolan,WANG Ruihong,et al.Geomechanical model test on global stability of Wudongde double-curvature arch dam[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2014,31(10):139-145.(in Chinese)
[16]何显松,马洪琪,张林,等.地质力学模型试验方法与变温相似模型材料研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,28(5):980-986.HE Xiansong,MA Hongqi,ZHANG Lin,et al.Study of test method of geomechanical model and temperature analogous model material[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,28(5):980-986.(in Chinese)
[17]XU J K,WANG E Y,LI Z H,et al.Study and application of monitoring plane displacement of a similarity model based on time-series images[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2011,21(4):501-505.
[18]周维垣,杨若琼,剡公瑞.大坝整体稳定分析系统[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(5):424-430.ZHOU Weiyuan,YANG Ruoqiong,YAN Gongrui.Stability analysis system for large dams[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,16(5):424-430.(in Chinese)
[19]陈卫忠,朱维申,邱祥波,等.小湾水电站拱坝坝肩岩体加固方案分析研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(3):374-378.CHEN Weizhong,ZHU Weishen,QIU Xiangbo,et al.Research on reinforcement scheme for xiaowan abutment[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(3):374-378.(in Chinese)
[20]LIN P,MA T H,LIANG Z Z,et al.Failure and overall stability analysis on high arch dam based on DFPA code[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2014,45(1):164-184.
[21]宁宇,徐卫亚,郑文棠,等.白鹤滩水电站拱坝及坝肩加固效果分析及整体安全度评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1890-1898.NING Yu,XU Weiya,ZHENG Wentang,et al.Reinforcement effect analysis and global safety evaluation of arch dam and abutment of Baihetan hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1890-1898.(in Chinese)
[22]董建华,张林,徐远飞,等.突变理论在地质力学模型试验失稳判据中的应用[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(4):18-25.DONG Jianhua,ZHANG Lin,XU Xuanfei,et al.Application of catastrophe theory to determine the instability criterion for geo-mechanical model test[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2017,49(4):18-25.(in Chinese)
[23]林鹏,王仁坤,康绳祖,等.特高拱坝基础破坏、加固与稳定关键问题研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(10):1945-1958.LIN Peng,WANG Renkun,KANG Shengzu,et al.Key problems of foundation failure,reinforcement and stability for superhigh arch dams[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(10):1945-1958.(in Chinese)
[24]JIN F,HU W,PAN J W,et al.Comparative study procedure for the safety evaluation of high arch dams[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2011,38(3):306-317.