基于时域有限差分方法的地铁车站地闪回击电磁场模拟
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摘要
研究地铁车站中地闪回击电磁场的传播特征有助于其防雷工作更有效地进行。基于闪电探测资料选取了某地铁站附近典型正(104 k A)、负(-14. 9 k A)地闪回击,使用二维时域有限差分法在地面无建筑物与真实建筑环境模型中研究了两次回击距车站260、200、100 m时,站厅层、站台层及左右进站隧道四个区域中央的水平电场、垂直电场、磁场。结果表明:地面无建筑物时最大水平电场、垂直电场峰值始终出现在站厅层中央,真实建筑环境下站厅层中央水平电场峰值仍最大,而左、右进站隧道中央的垂直电场峰值超过站厅层中央,两个模型下的最大磁场峰值均出现在站厅层或左进站隧道中央;对两次回击而言,相较地面无建筑物时模拟结果,真实建筑环境下其距车站260、200 m时站内各场分量峰值均衰减,但两次回击距车站100 m时左进站隧道中央垂直电场峰值均增加超过8%。结果对地铁车站雷击电磁脉冲防护有一定的指导意义。
Studying the propagation characteristics of the lightning return-stroke electromagnetic fields in metro station will help proceed the lightning protection work more effectively. Based on the lightning detection data,typical positive( 104 kA) and negative(-14. 9 k A) return-strokes near a station were selected. The two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method was used to study the horizontal electric field,vertical electric field and magnetic field in the center of the station hall,platform,left and right entrance tunnels,when the two return-strokes were 260,200,100 m from the station in the models with and without real ground buildings. The results show that the maximum horizontal and vertical electric field peaks always appear in the center of the station hall when there are no ground buildings; in the case of real ground buildings,the horizontal electric field peaks in the center of the station hall are still the largest,but the vertical electric field peaks in the center of the left and right entrance tunnels exceed that in the center of the station hall; the maximum magnetic field peaks in the two models all appear in the center of the station hall or left entrance tunnel. For the two return-strokes,compare with the results in the case of no ground buildings,the peaks of each field component in the station all decrease when the return-strokes are260,200 m from the the station with real ground buildings,but the vertical electric field peaks in the center of the left entrance tunnel both increase more than 8% when the two return-strokes are 100 m from the station with real ground buildings. The results have certain guiding significance for the lightning electromagnetic pulse protection of metro station.
Studying the propagation characteristics of the lightning return-stroke electromagnetic fields in metro station will help proceed the lightning protection work more effectively. Based on the lightning detection data,typical positive( 104 kA) and negative(-14. 9 k A) return-strokes near a station were selected. The two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method was used to study the horizontal electric field,vertical electric field and magnetic field in the center of the station hall,platform,left and right entrance tunnels,when the two return-strokes were 260,200,100 m from the station in the models with and without real ground buildings. The results show that the maximum horizontal and vertical electric field peaks always appear in the center of the station hall when there are no ground buildings; in the case of real ground buildings,the horizontal electric field peaks in the center of the station hall are still the largest,but the vertical electric field peaks in the center of the left and right entrance tunnels exceed that in the center of the station hall; the maximum magnetic field peaks in the two models all appear in the center of the station hall or left entrance tunnel. For the two return-strokes,compare with the results in the case of no ground buildings,the peaks of each field component in the station all decrease when the return-strokes are260,200 m from the the station with real ground buildings,but the vertical electric field peaks in the center of the left entrance tunnel both increase more than 8% when the two return-strokes are 100 m from the station with real ground buildings. The results have certain guiding significance for the lightning electromagnetic pulse protection of metro station.
引文
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13 Rachidi F,Janischewskyj W,Hussein A M,et al. Current and electromagnetic field associated with lightning-return strokes to tall towers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2001,43(3):356-367
14 Rakov V A,Dulzon A A. Calculated electromagnetic fields of lightning return stroke[J]. Tekh Elektrodinam,1987(1):87-89
15 徐则民,张倬元,刘汉超,等.成都地铁环境工程地质评价[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2002,13(2):63-69Xu Zemin,Zhang Zhuoyuan,Liu Hanchao,et al. Environment engineering geological assessment of Chengdu subway[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2002,13(2):63-69
16 任景雷.地铁车站深基坑挖孔围护桩与土相互作用研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2008Ren Jinglei. Study on interaction between dig support piles of the deep excavation of the subway stations and soil[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2008
17 钱洪,唐荣昌.成都平原的形成与演化[J].四川地震,1997(3):1-7Qian Hong,Tang Rongchang. On the formation and evolution of the Chengdu plain[J]. Earthquake Research in Sichuan,1997(3):1-7
18 Mur G. Absorbing boundary conditions for finite difference approximation of the time domain electromagnetic field equations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1981, 23(4):377-382
2 佟岩.北京地铁通信设备使用的雷电防护技术[C]//首届城市轨道交通关键技术论坛.北京:中国土木工程学会,2006:125-128Tong Yan. Lightning protection technology used in communication equipment of Beijing metro[C]//The First Forum on the Key Technology of Urban Rail Transit. Beijing:China Civil Engineering Society,2006:125-128
3 巫俊威,靳小兵,向宇.雷击对地铁运营造成的经济损失评价研究——以成都地铁为例[J].高原山地气象研究,2015,35(4):85-90Wu Junwei,Jin Xiaobing,Xiang Yu. Research on evaluation of financial loss caused by lightning stroke on metro Line—A case study of Chengdu metro[J]. Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research,2006:125-128
4 赵静,何正友,钱清泉.地铁主控系统防雷接地研究[J].电力自动化设备,2007,27(1):104-107Zhao Jing, He Zhengyou, Qian Qingquan. Lightning-proof and grounding techniques for subway main control system[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2007,27(1):104-107
5 刘永红.地铁车站的防雷接地保护研究[J].铁道工程学报,2008,25(4):94-97Liu Yonghong. Study on the grounding for lightning protection for metro station[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2008,25(4):94-97
6 刘晓东,冯建伟,植耀玲,等.城市地铁交通雷击风险评估与模拟仿真[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(9):20-28Liu Xiaodong,Feng Jianwei,Zhi Yaoling,et al. Lightning hazard risk evaluation and simulation of urban subway traffic[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(9):20-28
7 李一丁,陆茂,巫俊威,等.成都地铁防雷接地系统设计探讨[J].高原山地气象研究,2014,34(3):80-82Li Yiding,Lu Mao,Wu Junwei,et al. Study on the design of lightning protection and grounding systems of Chengdu metro[J]. Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research,2014,34(3):80-82
8 Mimouni A,Rachidi F,Rubinstein M. Electromagnetic fields of a lightning return stroke in presence of a stratified ground[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2014, 56(2):413-418
9 Aoki M,Baba Y,Rakov V A. FDTD simulation of LEMP propagation over lossy ground:Influence of distance,ground conductivity,and source parameters[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2015,120(16):8043-8051
10 Lu T,Chen M,Du Y. Assessments of lightning protection scheme for a metro traction power system and lightning-caused electromagnetic environment inside a carriage[C]//XV International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity. Boulder:International Commission on Atmospheric Electricity,2014:1-6
11 蔡然,陆涛,刘敦训,等.直击雷情况下建筑物内部电磁环境评估方法探讨与实践[J].气象科技,2016,44(3):500-504Cai Ran,Lu Tao,Liu Dunxun,et al. A method for assessing electromagnetic environment inside buildings under direct lightning strikes and its application[J]. Meteorological Science&Technology,2016,44(3):500-504
12 Heidler F. Traveling current source model for LEMP calculation[C]//Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. Zurich:IEEE,1985:157-162
13 Rachidi F,Janischewskyj W,Hussein A M,et al. Current and electromagnetic field associated with lightning-return strokes to tall towers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2001,43(3):356-367
14 Rakov V A,Dulzon A A. Calculated electromagnetic fields of lightning return stroke[J]. Tekh Elektrodinam,1987(1):87-89
15 徐则民,张倬元,刘汉超,等.成都地铁环境工程地质评价[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2002,13(2):63-69Xu Zemin,Zhang Zhuoyuan,Liu Hanchao,et al. Environment engineering geological assessment of Chengdu subway[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2002,13(2):63-69
16 任景雷.地铁车站深基坑挖孔围护桩与土相互作用研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2008Ren Jinglei. Study on interaction between dig support piles of the deep excavation of the subway stations and soil[D]. Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2008
17 钱洪,唐荣昌.成都平原的形成与演化[J].四川地震,1997(3):1-7Qian Hong,Tang Rongchang. On the formation and evolution of the Chengdu plain[J]. Earthquake Research in Sichuan,1997(3):1-7
18 Mur G. Absorbing boundary conditions for finite difference approximation of the time domain electromagnetic field equations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1981, 23(4):377-382