青藏高原东南缘多尺度重力场变化特征及孕震机理分析
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摘要
文中基于青藏高原东南缘2013—2016年的流动重力观测资料,获得了鲁甸和景谷地震前后不同时间尺度下区域重力场的动态演化趋势和异常特征,利用小波多尺度分解分析重力场变化与构造运动、物质密度变迁和强震孕育的关系和规律,对青藏高原东南缘深部物质变化、动力学过程及地震孕育机理进行了探讨。结果表明:1)鲁甸、景谷震前震源区重力场变化呈现与断裂构造走向一致的剧烈正、负异常过渡带和梯度带特征,显示了孕震期间震源区强烈的地壳运动和深部物质变化过程; 2) 2013年9月—2014年4月重力场变化的小波多尺度分解结果显示,青藏高原东南缘地壳、上地幔不同深度和尺度的重力场变化与地震分布及活动断裂带位置相关性显著,表明研究区地震孕育与断裂运动以及地壳、上地幔内物质密度分布变化关系密切,可能受地壳、上地幔物质运移的复杂深部动力学过程影响; 3)基于青藏高原东南缘地壳、上地幔物质运移的动力学过程,对强震多发生在重力场变化的正、负异常过渡带和梯度带附近的特征进行了初步的解释。文中的研究结果对地球构造运动、地震机理研究具有一定的参考价值。
As the most basic geophysical field,the earth gravity field has achieved wide attention,and its spatial anomaly characteristics and dynamic variation can provide important scientific basis for studying the internal structure and dynamics of the Earth. Based on the mobile gravity observation data of the southeastern Tibetan plateau from 2013 to 2016,the dynamic variation tendency and anomaly characteristics of the regional gravity field in different temporal resolutions are obtained before and after the Ludian and Jinggu earthquakes in the study area respectively. The method of wavelet multiscale decomposition is used to analyze the relationships of gravity field variation with the earth movement,material density change,and strong earthquake preparation. The deep material variation,dynamic process and the mechanism of earthquake inoculation in the southeastern Tibetan plateau are further discussed. Results indicate that the gravity field variation in the source region before the Ludian and Jinggu earthquake respectively is characterized by obvious positive and negative anomalous transition zone and gradient zone that are consistent with the direction of fault tectonics,suggesting the strong crustal movement and mass migration during the earthquake incubation period. The result of wavelet multi-scale decomposition of the gravity field during the period from September 2013 to April2014 shows that the gravity field variation at different depth and space scale in the crust and upper mantle of the southeastern Tibetan plateau is significantly correlated with seismic distribution and the location of active fault zone. This indicates that the earthquake inoculation in the study area is closely related to the fault movement and the distribution of material density in the crust and upper mantle,which may be affected by the complex deep dynamic process of the material migration in the crust and mantle. The characteristic that strong earthquakes always occur near positive and negative anomaly transition zones and gradient zones of gravity field change is preliminarily explained,based on the dynamic process of material migration in the crust and upper mantle of the southeastern Tibetan plateau. The research results of this paper have some reference value to the study on the earth movement and seismogenic mechanism.
As the most basic geophysical field,the earth gravity field has achieved wide attention,and its spatial anomaly characteristics and dynamic variation can provide important scientific basis for studying the internal structure and dynamics of the Earth. Based on the mobile gravity observation data of the southeastern Tibetan plateau from 2013 to 2016,the dynamic variation tendency and anomaly characteristics of the regional gravity field in different temporal resolutions are obtained before and after the Ludian and Jinggu earthquakes in the study area respectively. The method of wavelet multiscale decomposition is used to analyze the relationships of gravity field variation with the earth movement,material density change,and strong earthquake preparation. The deep material variation,dynamic process and the mechanism of earthquake inoculation in the southeastern Tibetan plateau are further discussed. Results indicate that the gravity field variation in the source region before the Ludian and Jinggu earthquake respectively is characterized by obvious positive and negative anomalous transition zone and gradient zone that are consistent with the direction of fault tectonics,suggesting the strong crustal movement and mass migration during the earthquake incubation period. The result of wavelet multi-scale decomposition of the gravity field during the period from September 2013 to April2014 shows that the gravity field variation at different depth and space scale in the crust and upper mantle of the southeastern Tibetan plateau is significantly correlated with seismic distribution and the location of active fault zone. This indicates that the earthquake inoculation in the study area is closely related to the fault movement and the distribution of material density in the crust and upper mantle,which may be affected by the complex deep dynamic process of the material migration in the crust and mantle. The characteristic that strong earthquakes always occur near positive and negative anomaly transition zones and gradient zones of gravity field change is preliminarily explained,based on the dynamic process of material migration in the crust and upper mantle of the southeastern Tibetan plateau. The research results of this paper have some reference value to the study on the earth movement and seismogenic mechanism.
引文
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常利军,丁志峰,王椿镛.2015.南北构造带南段上地幔各向异性特征[J].地球物理学报,58(11):4052-4067.CHANG Li-jun,DING Zhi-feng,WANG Chun-yong.2015.Upper mantle anisotropy beneath the southern segment of North-South Tectonic Belt,China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,58(11):4052-4067(in Chinese).
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邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,等.2002.中国活动构造基本特征[J].中国科学(D辑),32(12):1020-1030.DENG Qi-dong,ZHANG Pei-zhen,RAN Yong-kang,et al.2002.Basic characteristics of active faults in China[J].Science in China(Ser D),32(12):1020-1030(in Chinese).
房立华,吴建平,王未来,等.2014.云南鲁甸MS6.5地震余震重定位及其发震构造[J].地震地质,36(4):1173-1185.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2014.04.019.FANG Li-hua,WU Jian-ping,WANG Wei-lai,et al.2014.Relocation of the aftershock sequence of the MS6.5 Ludian earthquake and its seismogenic structure[J].Seismology and Geology,36(4):1173-1185(in Chinese).
胡敏章,李辉,刘子维,等.2015.川滇地区2010-2013年重力变化及重力网的地震监测能力[J].大地测量与地球动力学,35(4):616-620.HU Min-zhang,LI Hui,LIU Zi-wei,et al.2015.The gravity change over Sichuan-Yunnan region in 2010-2013 and the earthquake monitoring ability of the gravimetric network[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,35(4):616-620(in Chinese).
李辉,申重阳,孙少安,等.2009.中国大陆近期重力场动态变化图像[J].大地测量与地球动力学,29(3):1-10.LI Hui,SHEN Chong-yang,SUN Shao-an,et al.2009.Dynamic gravity change in recent years in China continent[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,29(3):1-10(in Chinese).
李永华,徐小明,张恩会,等.2014青藏高原东南缘地壳结构及云南鲁甸、景谷地震深部孕震环境[J].地震地质,36(4):1204-1216.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2014.04.021.LI Yong-hua,XU Xiao-ming,ZHANG En-hui,et al.2014.Three-dimensional crust structure beneath SE Tibetan plateau and its seismotectonic implications for the Ludian and Jinggu earthquakes[J].Seismology and Geology,36(4):1204-1216(in Chinese).
梁伟锋,刘芳,祝意青,等.2010.重力仪一次项系数对重力场动态变化的影响研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,35(5):882-886.LIANG Wei-feng,LIU Fang,ZHU Yi-qing,et al.2010.Research on the effect of one degree term of chromatic polynomial of gravimeter on gravity dynamic change[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,35(5):882-886(in Chinese).
刘绍府,刘冬至.1991.高精度重力测量平差及其软件[J].地震,(4):57-66.LIU Shao-fu,LIU Dong-zhi.1991.Adjustment of high precision gravity measurement and its software[J].Earthquake,(4):57-66(in Chinese).
申重阳,李辉,孙少安,等.2009.重力场动态变化与汶川MS8.0地震孕育过程[J].地球物理学报,52(10):2547-2557.SHEN Chong-yang,LI Hui,SUN Shao-an,et al.2009.Dynamic variations of gravity and the preparation process of the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(10):2547-2557(in Chinese).
孙文科.2008.地震火山活动产生重力变化的理论与观测研究的进展及现状[J].大地测量与地球动力学,28(4):44-53.SUN Wen-ke.2008.Progress and current situation of research on theory and observation of gravity change caused by seismicity and volcanism[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,28(4):44-53(in Chinese).
汪集旸,黄少鹏.1990.中国大陆大地热流数据汇编(第二版)[J].地震地质,12(4):351-366.WANG Ji-yang,HUANG Shao-peng.1990.Compilation of heat flow data in the China continental area(2nd edition)[J].Seismology and Geology,12(4):351-366(in Chinese).
王苏,徐晓雅,胡家富.2015.青藏高原东南缘的地壳结构与动力学模式研究综述[J].地球物理学报,58(11):4235-4253.WANG Su,XU Xiao-ya,HU Jia-fu.2015.Review on the study of crustal structure and geodynamic models for the southeast margin of the Tibetan plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,58(11):4235-4253(in Chinese).
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