浙江南部近海鱼类群落结构的时空特征
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摘要
为了解浙江南部近海鱼类种类组成、多样性和群落结构与时空因子的关系,分别于2016年冬季(2月)和夏季(8月)对该海域进行底拖网调查,并采用Bray-Curtis聚类分析、相对重要性指数(IRI)分析、群落多样性分析等方法研究该海域鱼类群落结构。结果表明:浙江南部近海冬季和夏季共出现鱼类124种,冬季出现鱼类93种,夏季出现鱼类86种,鲈形目Perciformes种类数最多;冬季浙江南部近海鱼类群落可以划分为北部、南部和南部近岸3个群落,夏季该调查海域鱼类群落可以划分为北部和南部2个群落;调查海域的鱼类以暖水种为主(占56.9%),南部群落暖温种与暖水种种数高于北部群落,冬季暖温种数量高于暖水种,夏季反之;该海域冬季绝对优势种为龙头鱼Harpodon nehereus,北部与南部群落同南部近岸群落优势种组成差异较大,夏季绝对优势种为带鱼Trichiurus lepturus和七星底灯鱼Benthosema pterotum,北部与南部群落优势种差异较小,冬、夏两季鱼类优势种组成变化较大;该海域鱼类群落的Margalef丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和Pielou均匀度指数(J)冬季高于夏季,丰富度指数存在极显著季节差异(P<0.01),除冬季丰富度指数外,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和均匀度指数在空间上普遍呈现南部群落高于北部群落的趋势,这种变化趋势可能与生物量和温度有关。本研究结果为探寻影响群落结构的主要因素,完善群落种类组成及多样性与时空因子的关系提供了数据资料。
The spatial-temporal variations in the fish community structure and diversity in the areas off southern Zhejiang Province,in East China Sea,were investigated using the Bray-Curtis cluster analysis,index of relative importance(IRI),species diversity index based on bottom trawl data from February and August of 2016. It was found that a total of 124 species were observed,93 species in winter and 86 in summer with the maximal number of Perciformes. The fish communities comprised three different groups in winter: the northern community,the southern community and the southern coastal community. In summer,however,these communities were divided into two groups: northern community,and southern community. The warm water species(56.9%) was the main ecological group in the surveyed sea area,and there was more warm temperature species and warm water species in the southern community than that in the northern community,with more warm temperature species than warm water species in winter,and opposite case in summer. Harpodon nehereus was the absolute dominant fish in winter,with difference between the northern and the southern communities. In summer,the absolute dominant fish species were Trichiurus lepturusand Benthosema pterotum,similar in the northern and southern communities,difference in composition of the dominant fish species between winter and summer. There were higher Margalef richness index(D),ShannonWiener diversity index(H') and Pielou evenness index(J) in fish community in winter compared with summer,and there was very significant difference in Margalef richness index between winter and summer(P<0.01). In addition to the Pielou evenness index in winter,the Margalef richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were higher in the southern community than those in the northern community,which is attributed to the biomass and temperature. The findings provide data to explore the main factors affecting community structure,and the relationship between species composition and diversity and spatial and temporal factors.
The spatial-temporal variations in the fish community structure and diversity in the areas off southern Zhejiang Province,in East China Sea,were investigated using the Bray-Curtis cluster analysis,index of relative importance(IRI),species diversity index based on bottom trawl data from February and August of 2016. It was found that a total of 124 species were observed,93 species in winter and 86 in summer with the maximal number of Perciformes. The fish communities comprised three different groups in winter: the northern community,the southern community and the southern coastal community. In summer,however,these communities were divided into two groups: northern community,and southern community. The warm water species(56.9%) was the main ecological group in the surveyed sea area,and there was more warm temperature species and warm water species in the southern community than that in the northern community,with more warm temperature species than warm water species in winter,and opposite case in summer. Harpodon nehereus was the absolute dominant fish in winter,with difference between the northern and the southern communities. In summer,the absolute dominant fish species were Trichiurus lepturusand Benthosema pterotum,similar in the northern and southern communities,difference in composition of the dominant fish species between winter and summer. There were higher Margalef richness index(D),ShannonWiener diversity index(H') and Pielou evenness index(J) in fish community in winter compared with summer,and there was very significant difference in Margalef richness index between winter and summer(P<0.01). In addition to the Pielou evenness index in winter,the Margalef richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were higher in the southern community than those in the northern community,which is attributed to the biomass and temperature. The findings provide data to explore the main factors affecting community structure,and the relationship between species composition and diversity and spatial and temporal factors.
引文
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[7]俞存根,虞聪达,章飞军,等.浙江南部外海鱼类种类组成和数量分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2009,40(3):353-360.
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[10]张虎,袁健美,刘必林,等.江苏沿岸海域大型底栖生物群落特征[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017(6):732-739.
[11]汪振华,章守宇,陈清满,等.马鞍列岛岩礁生境鱼类群落生态学:Ⅰ.种类组成和多样性[J].生物多样性,2012,20(1):41-50.
[12]王迎宾,俞存根,陈全震,等.春、夏季舟山渔场及其邻近海域鱼类群落格局[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(2):545-551.
[13]梁君,徐汉祥,王伟定.中街山列岛海洋保护区鱼类物种多样性[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5905-5916.
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[15]管伟,徐兆礼,陈佳杰.福建南日岛南部水域鱼类群落结构及多样性[J].生态学报,2017,37(9):3172-3181.
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[22]徐兆礼.瓯江口海域夏秋季鱼类多样性[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):5948-5956.
[23]刘海林,仲霞铭,汤建华,等.江苏近海鱼类群落组成和多样性的季节变化[J].海洋渔业,2017,39(1):9-20.
[24]周鸿权,孙昭晨,李伯根,等.浙江象山港海域悬沙浓度分布变化及其水动力影响分析[J].海洋通报,2014,33(6):694-702.
[25]曾定勇,倪晓波,黄大吉.冬季浙闽沿岸流与台湾暖流在浙南海域的时空变化[J].中国科学:地球科学,2012,42(7):1123-1134.
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[28]李圣法,程家骅,严利平.东海中南部鱼类群聚结构的空间特征[J].海洋学报,2005,27(3):110-118.
[29]李圣法,程家骅,严利平.东海大陆架鱼类群落的空间结构[J].生态学报,2007,27(11):4377-4386.
[30]单秀娟,金显仕.长江口近海春季鱼类群落结构的多样性研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2011,42(1):32-40.
[31]田明诚,孙宝龄,杨纪明.渤海鱼类区系分析[J].海洋科学集刊,1993(34):157-167.
[32]张洪亮,宋之琦,潘国良,等.浙江南部近海春季鱼类多样性分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(1):126-134.
[33]林楠,苗振清,卢占晖.东海中部夏季鱼类群落结构及其多样性分析[J].广东海洋大学学报,2009,29(3):42-47.
[34]王淼,洪波,张玉平,等.春季和夏季杭州湾北部海域鱼类种群结构分析[J].水生态学杂志,2016,37(5):75-81.
[35]李圣法,程家骅,李长松,等.东海中部鱼类群落多样性的季节变化[J].海洋渔业,2005,27(2):113-119.
[36]程济生,俞连福.黄、东海冬季底层鱼类群落结构及多样性变化[J].水产学报,2004,28(1):29-34.
[37]牛翠娟,娄安如,孙儒泳,等.基础生态学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2007:162.
[2]李建生,严利平,胡芬,等.温台渔场日本鲭的繁殖生物学特征[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(1):99-105.
[3]林龙山,郑元甲,刘勇,等.东海区小型鱼类生态研究:Ⅰ——小型鱼类的种类组成及季节变化[J].海洋科学,2006,30(8):58-63.
[4]李建生,胡芬,李圣法,等.东海区七星底灯鱼数量分布以及与温盐度的关系[J].海洋渔业,2006,28(2):105-110.
[5]施仁德.浙南近海中国毛虾Acetes chinensis Hansen的洄游分布及世代交替[J].东海海洋,1986,4(1):56-61.
[6]张洪亮,张龙,陈峰,等.浙江南部近岸海域春季蟹类群落结构特征[J].中国水产科学,2013,20(5):1050-1056.
[7]俞存根,虞聪达,章飞军,等.浙江南部外海鱼类种类组成和数量分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2009,40(3):353-360.
[8]Lévêque C.Role and consequences of fish diversity in the functioning of African freshwater ecosystems:a review[J].Aquatic Living Resources,1995,8(1):59-78.
[9]Pinkas L,Oliphant M S,Iverson I L K.Food habits of albacore,bluefin tuna,and bonito in California waters[C]//Fish Bulletin.Long Beach:The Resources Agency,Department of Fish and Game,1971.
[10]张虎,袁健美,刘必林,等.江苏沿岸海域大型底栖生物群落特征[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017(6):732-739.
[11]汪振华,章守宇,陈清满,等.马鞍列岛岩礁生境鱼类群落生态学:Ⅰ.种类组成和多样性[J].生物多样性,2012,20(1):41-50.
[12]王迎宾,俞存根,陈全震,等.春、夏季舟山渔场及其邻近海域鱼类群落格局[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(2):545-551.
[13]梁君,徐汉祥,王伟定.中街山列岛海洋保护区鱼类物种多样性[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5905-5916.
[14]Bray J R,Curtis J T.An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin[J].Ecological Monographs,1957,27(4):325-349.
[15]管伟,徐兆礼,陈佳杰.福建南日岛南部水域鱼类群落结构及多样性[J].生态学报,2017,37(9):3172-3181.
[16]Margalef R.Information theory in ecology[J].General Systems,1958,3(1):36-71.
[17]Wilhm J L.Use of biomass units in Shannon's formula[J].Ecology,1968,49(1):153-156.
[18]Pielou E C.Ecological Diversity[M].New York:Wiley,1975.
[19]董静瑞,胡成业,水玉跃,等.温州南部沿岸海域鱼类群落特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(2):209-219.
[20]赵盛龙,徐汉祥,钟俊生,等.浙江海洋鱼类志[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,2016:750-751.
[21]汪振华,王凯,章守宇.马鞍列岛多种生境中鱼类群聚的昼夜变化[J].生态学报,2011,31(22):6912-6925.
[22]徐兆礼.瓯江口海域夏秋季鱼类多样性[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):5948-5956.
[23]刘海林,仲霞铭,汤建华,等.江苏近海鱼类群落组成和多样性的季节变化[J].海洋渔业,2017,39(1):9-20.
[24]周鸿权,孙昭晨,李伯根,等.浙江象山港海域悬沙浓度分布变化及其水动力影响分析[J].海洋通报,2014,33(6):694-702.
[25]曾定勇,倪晓波,黄大吉.冬季浙闽沿岸流与台湾暖流在浙南海域的时空变化[J].中国科学:地球科学,2012,42(7):1123-1134.
[26]Brodeur R D,Suchman C L,Reese D C,et al.Spatial overlap and trophic interactions between pelagic fish and large jellyfish in the northern California Current[J].Marine Biology,2008,154(4):649-659.
[27]周太玄,黄明顯.黄渤海渔业敌害之一——霞水母[J].生物学通报,1956(6):9-12.
[28]李圣法,程家骅,严利平.东海中南部鱼类群聚结构的空间特征[J].海洋学报,2005,27(3):110-118.
[29]李圣法,程家骅,严利平.东海大陆架鱼类群落的空间结构[J].生态学报,2007,27(11):4377-4386.
[30]单秀娟,金显仕.长江口近海春季鱼类群落结构的多样性研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2011,42(1):32-40.
[31]田明诚,孙宝龄,杨纪明.渤海鱼类区系分析[J].海洋科学集刊,1993(34):157-167.
[32]张洪亮,宋之琦,潘国良,等.浙江南部近海春季鱼类多样性分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(1):126-134.
[33]林楠,苗振清,卢占晖.东海中部夏季鱼类群落结构及其多样性分析[J].广东海洋大学学报,2009,29(3):42-47.
[34]王淼,洪波,张玉平,等.春季和夏季杭州湾北部海域鱼类种群结构分析[J].水生态学杂志,2016,37(5):75-81.
[35]李圣法,程家骅,李长松,等.东海中部鱼类群落多样性的季节变化[J].海洋渔业,2005,27(2):113-119.
[36]程济生,俞连福.黄、东海冬季底层鱼类群落结构及多样性变化[J].水产学报,2004,28(1):29-34.
[37]牛翠娟,娄安如,孙儒泳,等.基础生态学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2007:162.