西北太平洋柔鱼产卵场时空分布及最适水温范围的推测
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摘要
西北太平洋柔鱼种群生命周期短、且对中尺度气候变化和产卵场环境条件变化敏感是其资源量年际波动的主要原因。因此,研究西北太平洋柔鱼产卵场环境条件有助于识别、量化其中的重要参数,进而有利于深入资源量补充机制调控因素的研究。在稳定的中尺度气候模态下,根据柔鱼产卵场最适温度的产卵场面积和产卵场总面积的比值(P_S)与其资源丰度存在正相关性这一科学结论,对1996—2007年西北太平洋柔鱼资源丰度(以年均单船产量,CPUE)和1—4月假设产卵场的P_S进行回归分析,筛选出CPUE和P_S在统计学上呈显著相关的产卵季节、产卵场和产卵场最适SST范围。研究认为:1996—2007年间,柔鱼的产卵盛期为1—3月;最适产卵场范围为136.5°E～167°E、20.5°N～27.5°N,最适SST范围为22.5～26℃。这一研究结果有助于对柔鱼生活史过程的认识,以及对其资源补充量预测,为柔鱼资源的可持续开发和科学管理提供依据。
As a short life cycle species, the resources of neon flying squid in northwestern Pacific Ocean fluctuate greatly during the years, mainly because the population is extremely sensitive to mesoscale climate change and changes of environmental conditions of its spawning ground. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the environmental conditions of the spawning ground of neon flying squid and obtain the most suitable temporal and spatial environmental factors. In a stable mesoscale climate model, based on the scientific conclusion that the ratio of the optimal temperature range of the squid spawning field to its spawning range(P_S) is positively correlated with its resource replenishment, this study intends to conduct a regression analysis of the CPUE of the neon flying squid in 1996-2007 and the Ps of 6 468 hypothetical spawning grounds in each month of January-April, screening out the spawning season, spawning grounds and the optimum SST range of spawning grounds which were statistically significantly correlated with CPUE and P_S. Studies indicate: during 1996-2007, the spawning season is from Jan. to Mar.; The optimal spawning range is 136.5°E-167°E, 20.5°N-27.5°N; The optimum SST range for spawning ground is 22.5-26 ℃. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the life cycle process of squid and the prediction of its resource supplement, which provides a basis for the sustainable development and scientific management of squid resources.
As a short life cycle species, the resources of neon flying squid in northwestern Pacific Ocean fluctuate greatly during the years, mainly because the population is extremely sensitive to mesoscale climate change and changes of environmental conditions of its spawning ground. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the environmental conditions of the spawning ground of neon flying squid and obtain the most suitable temporal and spatial environmental factors. In a stable mesoscale climate model, based on the scientific conclusion that the ratio of the optimal temperature range of the squid spawning field to its spawning range(P_S) is positively correlated with its resource replenishment, this study intends to conduct a regression analysis of the CPUE of the neon flying squid in 1996-2007 and the Ps of 6 468 hypothetical spawning grounds in each month of January-April, screening out the spawning season, spawning grounds and the optimum SST range of spawning grounds which were statistically significantly correlated with CPUE and P_S. Studies indicate: during 1996-2007, the spawning season is from Jan. to Mar.; The optimal spawning range is 136.5°E-167°E, 20.5°N-27.5°N; The optimum SST range for spawning ground is 22.5-26 ℃. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the life cycle process of squid and the prediction of its resource supplement, which provides a basis for the sustainable development and scientific management of squid resources.
引文
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[14] HAYASE S.Distribution of spawning grounds of flying squid,Ommastrephes bartrami,in the north Pacific Ocean[J].Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly,1995,29:65-72.
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[16] 余为,陈新军,易倩,等.北太平洋柔鱼早期生活史研究进展[J].上海海洋大学学报,2013,22(5):755-762.YU W,CHEN X J,YI Q,et al.Review on the early life history of neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii in the north Pacific[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2013,22(5):755-762.
[17] VIJAI D,SAKAI M,WAKABAYASHI T,et al.Effects of temperature on embryonic development and paralarval behavior of the neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2015,529:145-158.
[18] VIJAI D,SAKAI M,SAKURAI Y.Embryonic and paralarval development following artificial fertilization in the neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii[J].Zoomorphology,2015,134(3):417-430.
[2] 陈新军,田思泉,许柳雄.西北太平洋海域柔鱼产卵场和作业渔场的水温年间比较及其与资源丰度的关系[J].上海水产大学学报,2005,14(2):168-175.CHEN X J,TIAN S Q,XU L X.Analysis on changes of surface water temperature in the spawning and feeding ground of Ommastrephes bartrami and its relationship with abundance index in the northwestern Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2005,14(2):168-175.
[3] HOUDE E D.Patterns and trends in larval-stage growth and mortality of teleost fish[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1997,51(sA):52-83.
[4] WALUDA C M,RODHOUSE P G,PODESTá G P,et al.Surface oceanography of the inferred hatching grounds of Illex argentinus (Cephalopoda:Ommastrephidae) and influences on recruitment variability[J].Marine Biology,2001,139(4):671-679.
[5] SAKURAI Y,KIYOFUJI H,SAITOH S,et al.Changes in inferred spawning areas of Todarodes pacificus (Cephalopoda:Ommastrephidae) due to changing environmental conditions[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2000,57(1):24-30.
[6] ICHII T,MAHAPATRA K,WATANABE T,et al.Occurrence of jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas aggregations associated with the countercurrent ridge off the Costa Rica Dome during 1997 El Niňo and 1999 La Niňa[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2002,231:151-166.
[7] YU W,CHEN X J,CHEN C S,et al.Impacts of oceanographic factors on interannual variability of the winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid abundance in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2017,36(10):48-59.
[8] MURAKAMI K,WATANABE Y,NAKATA J.Growth,distribution and migration of flying squid (Ommastrephes bartrami) in the north Pacific[M]//MISHIMA S.Pelagic Animals and Environments around the Subarctic Boundary in north Pacific.Hakodate:Hokkaido University,Research Institution north Pacific Fishery,1981:161-179.
[9] YATSU A.Distribution of flying squid,Ommastrephes bartrami,in the north Pacific based on a jigging survey,1976-1983[R].Tokyo:Bulletin - National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries,1992.
[10] HAYASE S.Cruise report of flying squid spawning survey by the Hokuho Maru in the north Pacific in April-May,1989[R].Washington:Document submitted to the Annual Meeting of the International north Pacific Fisheries Commission,1989:1-21.
[11] BOWER J R,ICHII T.The red flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii):A review of recent research and the fishery in Japan[J].Fisheries Research,2005,76(1):39-55.
[12] 余为.西北太平洋柔鱼冬春生群对气候与环境变化的响应机制研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2016.YU W.Response mechanism of winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid to the climatic and environmental variability in the northwest Pacific Ocean[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2016.
[13] WANG J T,CHEN X J,TANAKA K,et al.Environmental influences on commercial oceanic ommastrephid squids:A stock assessment perspective[J].Scientia Marina,2017,81(1):37-47.
[14] HAYASE S.Distribution of spawning grounds of flying squid,Ommastrephes bartrami,in the north Pacific Ocean[J].Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly,1995,29:65-72.
[15] BIGELOW K A,LANDGKAF K C.Hatch dates and growth of Ommastrephes bartramii paralarvae from Hawaiian waters as determined from statolith analysis[M]//OKUTANI T,O'DOR T K,KUBODERA T.Recent Advances in Cephalopod Fisheries Biology.Tokyo:Tokai University Press,1993:15-24.
[16] 余为,陈新军,易倩,等.北太平洋柔鱼早期生活史研究进展[J].上海海洋大学学报,2013,22(5):755-762.YU W,CHEN X J,YI Q,et al.Review on the early life history of neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii in the north Pacific[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2013,22(5):755-762.
[17] VIJAI D,SAKAI M,WAKABAYASHI T,et al.Effects of temperature on embryonic development and paralarval behavior of the neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2015,529:145-158.
[18] VIJAI D,SAKAI M,SAKURAI Y.Embryonic and paralarval development following artificial fertilization in the neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii[J].Zoomorphology,2015,134(3):417-430.