黄河山东段水体重金属特征及生态风险评价
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摘要
以黄河山东河段为研究区域,分析了泺口和利津两断面水体及悬移质中重金属的含量,并采用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法综合评价了悬移质中重金属的污染程度和生态风险。黄河山东段水体中重金属基本无污染,悬移质中Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu、As含量均高于山东省土壤背景值,其中Hg超出背景值最多。地累积指数法研究表明:黄河山东段重金属为无污染到重污染,单个污染物污染程度为Hg>Cd>Pb>Cu>As。潜在生态危害指数法研究表明:泺口和利津两断面均具有很高潜在生态风险,单个污染物潜在生态风险指数为Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu。两种方法评价结果基本一致,Hg是黄河山东段最主要的污染因子和潜在生态风险因子。
The Shandong section of the Yellow River was measured as the research area in this study. The concentrations of heavy metals in water and suspended sediment were analyzed. The heavy metal pollution and the potential ecological risk in suspended sediment were estimated by using geo-accumulation index method and potential ecological risk index method. The analyzed results indicate that heavy metals are basically free of pollution in waters. The concentrations of each heavy metal in suspended sediment are higher than the background values of soils in Shandong Province. And the metal of Hg is the most exceed among the studied metals. The results by geo-accumulation index method indicate that the suspended sediment is in the state of no-pollution to heavy pollution. The order of pollution extents of five typical pollutants of Hg>Cd>Pb>Cu>As. The results of potential ecological risk index method indicate that there is a high potential ecological risk of the two sections. The order of potential ecological risk parameter is Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu. The evaluation results of the two methods are almost identical. Element Hg is the major factor of the pollution factors and the potential ecological risks in the Shandong section of the Yellow River.
The Shandong section of the Yellow River was measured as the research area in this study. The concentrations of heavy metals in water and suspended sediment were analyzed. The heavy metal pollution and the potential ecological risk in suspended sediment were estimated by using geo-accumulation index method and potential ecological risk index method. The analyzed results indicate that heavy metals are basically free of pollution in waters. The concentrations of each heavy metal in suspended sediment are higher than the background values of soils in Shandong Province. And the metal of Hg is the most exceed among the studied metals. The results by geo-accumulation index method indicate that the suspended sediment is in the state of no-pollution to heavy pollution. The order of pollution extents of five typical pollutants of Hg>Cd>Pb>Cu>As. The results of potential ecological risk index method indicate that there is a high potential ecological risk of the two sections. The order of potential ecological risk parameter is Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu. The evaluation results of the two methods are almost identical. Element Hg is the major factor of the pollution factors and the potential ecological risks in the Shandong section of the Yellow River.
引文
[1] 郭广军,马源.滇东南矿区河流悬移质重金属污染潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学与管理,2011,36(6):168-170.
[2] MüLLER G. Index of Geoaccumulation in Sediments of the Rhinc River [J].Geo Journal, 1969(2): 108-118.
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[6] 刘晶,腾彦国,崔艳芳,等.土壤重金属污染生态风险评价方法综述[J].环境监测管理技术,2007,19(3):6-11.
[7] 王云倩,杨丽原,曹峰,等.洙赵新河表层沉积物重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].有色金属工程,2014,4(1):64-67.
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[9] 郭加朋.山东省黄河下游流域重金属地球化学特征及其生态环境效应[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2009:8-37.
[10] 戴彬,吕建树,战金成,等.山东省典型工业城市土壤重金属来源、空间分布及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):507-515.
[11] 王济,王世杰.土壤中重金属环境污染元素的来源及作物效应[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,23(2):113-120.
[12] 徐莉,黄亮亮,吴志强,等.广西会仙湿地土壤重金属分布特征及风险评估[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(29):35-38.
[13] 龙永珍,邹海洋,戴塔根.长株潭市区近地表灰尘中重金属分布污染研究[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,41(4):1633-1638.
[14] HE B, YUN Z J, SHI J B, et al. Research Progress of Heavy Metal Pollution in China: Sources, Analytical Methods, Status, and Toxicity [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2013, 58(2): 134-140.
[2] MüLLER G. Index of Geoaccumulation in Sediments of the Rhinc River [J].Geo Journal, 1969(2): 108-118.
[3] HAKANSON L. An Ecological Risk Index for Aquatic Pollution Control, a Sedimentological Approach [J]. Water Research, 1980, 14(8): 975-1001.
[4] 国家环境保护局.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:12-18.
[5] 傅开道,王超,苏斌,等.澜沧江中下游水库泥沙重金属分布及其污染评价[J].生态经济,2016,32(12):163-168.
[6] 刘晶,腾彦国,崔艳芳,等.土壤重金属污染生态风险评价方法综述[J].环境监测管理技术,2007,19(3):6-11.
[7] 王云倩,杨丽原,曹峰,等.洙赵新河表层沉积物重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].有色金属工程,2014,4(1):64-67.
[8] 伍恒赟,罗勇,张起明,等.鄱阳湖沉积物重金属空间分布及潜在生态风险评价[J].中国环境监测,2014,30(6):114-119.
[9] 郭加朋.山东省黄河下游流域重金属地球化学特征及其生态环境效应[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2009:8-37.
[10] 戴彬,吕建树,战金成,等.山东省典型工业城市土壤重金属来源、空间分布及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):507-515.
[11] 王济,王世杰.土壤中重金属环境污染元素的来源及作物效应[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,23(2):113-120.
[12] 徐莉,黄亮亮,吴志强,等.广西会仙湿地土壤重金属分布特征及风险评估[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(29):35-38.
[13] 龙永珍,邹海洋,戴塔根.长株潭市区近地表灰尘中重金属分布污染研究[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,41(4):1633-1638.
[14] HE B, YUN Z J, SHI J B, et al. Research Progress of Heavy Metal Pollution in China: Sources, Analytical Methods, Status, and Toxicity [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2013, 58(2): 134-140.