非平衡态SF_6等离子体弛豫特性研究
|
摘要
从等离子体动力学的角度出发,求解描述带电粒子碰撞过程的Fokker-Planck动力学方程,计算非平衡态下SF_6等离子体中电子的慢化频率、偏转频率、平行扩散频率和动能交换频率,分析了电子速度减慢、动能耗散以及电子与重粒子间动能传递的能力;求解粒子间能量变化率,得到电子-电子、电子-重粒子、重粒子-重粒子间通过碰撞达到温度平衡所用的时间。研究结果表明:SF_6等离子体由非平衡态向平衡态过渡所需的时间应该采用电子-重粒子间的温度平衡时间表征,压强0.1~2.0 MPa下,当SF_6气体处于绝缘介质和导电通道临界状态时(等离子体温度3 500~4 000 K),SF_6等离子体由非平衡态过渡到平衡态所用的时间在9.5~535.9μs;高压SF_6断路器介质恢复(热恢复过程持续时间10μs左右)和隔离开关多次重燃(单次燃弧持续时间小于10μs)等过程中的非平衡态SF_6等离子体很难过渡到平衡态。
This paper solved the Fokker-Planck dynamic equation which describing the collision process of charged particles from the view of plasma dynamics, the slowing down frequency, deflection frequency, parallel diffusion frequency and kinetic energy exchange frequency of electron in the nonequilibrium SF_6 arc plasma were obtained. All these parameters were used to analyze the ability of electron velocity slowing, kinetic energy dissipation and kinetic energy exchange between electrons and heavy particles during the collision process. Then though calculated the energy change rate between particles, the time to reach the temperature balance between electrons, heavy particles, electrons and heavy particles due to collision were got. The calculating results show that, the transition time required from non-equilibrium to equilibrium state for SF_6 plasma should be characterized by the temperature equilibrium time between electrons and heavy particles. When the SF_6 gas is in the critical state, the boundary between insulating medium and conductive channel, whose temperature is about 3 500~4 000 K, the transition time from non-equilibrium to equilibrium state is about 9.5~535.9 μs, under the pressure of 0.1~2.0 MPa. It is very difficult to reach the equilibrium state for non-equilibrium SF_6 plasma, which is during the dielectric recovery process in SF_6 circuit breaker or during repeated re-ignition process in disconnector.
This paper solved the Fokker-Planck dynamic equation which describing the collision process of charged particles from the view of plasma dynamics, the slowing down frequency, deflection frequency, parallel diffusion frequency and kinetic energy exchange frequency of electron in the nonequilibrium SF_6 arc plasma were obtained. All these parameters were used to analyze the ability of electron velocity slowing, kinetic energy dissipation and kinetic energy exchange between electrons and heavy particles during the collision process. Then though calculated the energy change rate between particles, the time to reach the temperature balance between electrons, heavy particles, electrons and heavy particles due to collision were got. The calculating results show that, the transition time required from non-equilibrium to equilibrium state for SF_6 plasma should be characterized by the temperature equilibrium time between electrons and heavy particles. When the SF_6 gas is in the critical state, the boundary between insulating medium and conductive channel, whose temperature is about 3 500~4 000 K, the transition time from non-equilibrium to equilibrium state is about 9.5~535.9 μs, under the pressure of 0.1~2.0 MPa. It is very difficult to reach the equilibrium state for non-equilibrium SF_6 plasma, which is during the dielectric recovery process in SF_6 circuit breaker or during repeated re-ignition process in disconnector.
引文
[1]刘振亚.中国电力与能源[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2012.
[2]林莘.现代高压电器技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2011.
[3]荣命哲,刘定新,李美,等.非平衡态等离子体的仿真研究现状与新进展[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(6):271-282.Rong Mingzhe,Liu Dingxin,Li Mei,et al.Research status and new progress on the numerical simulation of non-equilibrium plasmas[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(6):271-282.
[4]冯利民,王晓波,吴联梓,等.500 k V GIS变电站VFTO对于电子式互感器的电磁骚扰研究[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(1):85-90.Feng Limin,Wang Xiaobo,Wu Lianzi,et al.Study on the impact of VFTO electromagnetic interference on electronic transformers in 500 k V GIS substation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(1):85-90.
[5]王伟宗,荣命哲,Yan J D,等.高压断路器SF6电弧电流零区动态特征和衰减行为的研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(8):2059-2072.Wang Weizong,Rong Mingzhe,Yan J D,et al.Investigation of the dynamic characteristics and decaying behavior of SF6 arcs in high voltage circuit breakers during current-zero period:a review[J].Proceedings of CSEE,2015,35(8):2059-2072.
[6]Baeva M,Gorchakov S,Kozakov R,et al.Nonequiliburum modelling of the electrical characteristics of a free-burning arc[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(9):2159-2165.
[7]Wu Yi,Rong Mingzhe,Sun Zhiqiang,et al.Numerical analysis of arc plasma behavior during contact opening process in low-voltage switching device[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2007,40(3):795-802.
[8]Chervy B,Gleizes A,Razafinimanana M.Thermodynamic properties and transport coefficients in SF6-Cu mixtures at temperatures of 300-30000K and pressures of 0.1-1MPa[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1994,27(6):1193-1206.
[9]肖登明,焦俊涛,Yan J.环保型绝缘气体的灭弧能力分析[J].高电压技术,2016,42(6):1681-1687.Xiao Dengming,Jiao Juntao,Yan J.Arc quenching characteristics analysis of environmental-friendly insulation gases[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(6):1681-1687.
[10]林莘,王飞鸣,刘卫东,等.高压SF6断路器冷态介质恢复特性试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3973-3980.Lin Xin,Wang Feiming,Liu Weidong,et al.Research on experiment of cold dielectric recovery characteristic in high voltage SF6 circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of CSEE,2016,36(14):3973-3980.
[11]Lin Xin,Wang Feiming,Xu Jianyuan,et al.Study on the mathematical model of dielectric recovery characteristics in high voltage SF6 circuit breaker[J].Plasma Science and Technology,2016,18(3):223-229.
[12]王伟宗,荣命哲,吴翊,等.平衡态与非平衡态等离子体物性参数计算模型研究[J].高压电器,2010,46(7):41-45.Wang Weizong,Rong Mingzhe,Wu Yi,et al.Studies on properties calculation models of equilibrium and non-equilibrium plasma[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2010,46(7):41-45.
[13]林莘,李鑫涛,王飞鸣,等.触头烧损对SF6断路器介质恢复特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3125-3134.Lin Xin,Li Xintao,Wang Feiming,et al.Dielectric recovery characteristics of SF6 circuit breaker considering contact burning loss[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3125-3134.
[14]王飞鸣,林莘,徐建源,等.高压SF6断路器非平衡态等离子体电弧的熄弧特性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3073-3084.Wang Feiming,Lin Xin,Xu Jianyuan,et al.Extinction characteristics of non-equilibrium plasma arc in highvoltage SF6 circuit breaker[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3073-3084.
[15]荣命哲,仲林林,王小华,等.平衡态与非平衡态电弧等离子体微观特性计算研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(19):54-65.Rong Mingzhe,Zhong Linlin,Wang Xiaohua,et al.Review of microscopic property calculation of equilibrium and non-equilibrium arc plasma[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(19):54-65.
[16]荣命哲,吴翊,杨飞,等.开关电弧电流零区非平衡态等离子体仿真研究现状[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(2):1-12,23.Rong Mingzhe,Wu Yi,Yang Fei,et al.Review of the simulation method of non-equilibrium arc plasma during current zero period in the circuit breaker[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(2):1-12,23.
[17]宫本健朗.热核聚变等离子体物理学[M].金尚宪,译.北京:科学出版社,1981.
[18]马腾才,胡希伟,陈银华.等离子体物理原理[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2012.
[19]胡希伟.等离子体理论基础[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2006.
[20]郑春开.等离子体物理[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2012.
[21]项江.非平衡等离子体碰撞项和输运系数的理论研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2005.
[22]Leslie S F,Richard W L.Composition and transport properties of SF6 and their use in a simplified enthalpy flow arc model[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1971,59(4):474-485.
[23]Gleizes A,Chervy B,Gonzales J J.Calculation of a two-temperature plasma composition:bases and application to SF6[J].Journal of Physics D Applied Physics,1999,32(16):2060-2067.
[24]郭晓雪,赵虎,李兴文.热态CO2及其与O2混合气体热动属性及电击穿特性的计算分析[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3085-3090.Guo Xiaoxue,Zhao Hu,Li Xingwen.Calculation and characteristic analysis of thermodynamic properties and dielectric breakdown properties of CO2 and its mixture with O2[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3085-3090.
[25]李志兵,李晓昂,陈维江,等.SF6短间隙中高频电弧的阻抗特性[J].高电压技术,2013,39(6):1411-1418.Li Zhibing,Li Xiao’ang,Chen Weijiang,et al.Impedance characteristics of high-frequency arc in short SF6 gap[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(6):1411-1418.
[26]韩彬,林集明,陈维江,等.隔离开关操作速度对特快速瞬态过电压的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(31):12-17.Han Bin,Lin Jiming,Chen Weijiang,et al.Analysis on the influence of the switching speed of disconnector on very fast transient overvoltage[J].Proceedings of CSEE,2011,31(31):12-17.
[27]林莘,王飞鸣,刘卫东,等.高压SF6断路器关合预击穿特性计算与试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(5):1445-1452.Lin Xin,Wang Feiming,Liu weidong,et al.Research on calculation and experiment of closing pre-strike characteristic in high voltage SF6 circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of CSEE,2016,36(5):1445-1452.
[28]林莘,夏亚龙,刘卫东,等.电容器组投切用SF6断路器介质恢复特性数值计算与试验研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(17):161-171.Lin Xin,Xia Yalong,Liu Weidong,et al.The numerical computation and experiment research on dielectric recovery characteristics of SF6 circuit breaker for switching capacitor bank[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(17):161-171.
[2]林莘.现代高压电器技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2011.
[3]荣命哲,刘定新,李美,等.非平衡态等离子体的仿真研究现状与新进展[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(6):271-282.Rong Mingzhe,Liu Dingxin,Li Mei,et al.Research status and new progress on the numerical simulation of non-equilibrium plasmas[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(6):271-282.
[4]冯利民,王晓波,吴联梓,等.500 k V GIS变电站VFTO对于电子式互感器的电磁骚扰研究[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(1):85-90.Feng Limin,Wang Xiaobo,Wu Lianzi,et al.Study on the impact of VFTO electromagnetic interference on electronic transformers in 500 k V GIS substation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(1):85-90.
[5]王伟宗,荣命哲,Yan J D,等.高压断路器SF6电弧电流零区动态特征和衰减行为的研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(8):2059-2072.Wang Weizong,Rong Mingzhe,Yan J D,et al.Investigation of the dynamic characteristics and decaying behavior of SF6 arcs in high voltage circuit breakers during current-zero period:a review[J].Proceedings of CSEE,2015,35(8):2059-2072.
[6]Baeva M,Gorchakov S,Kozakov R,et al.Nonequiliburum modelling of the electrical characteristics of a free-burning arc[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(9):2159-2165.
[7]Wu Yi,Rong Mingzhe,Sun Zhiqiang,et al.Numerical analysis of arc plasma behavior during contact opening process in low-voltage switching device[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2007,40(3):795-802.
[8]Chervy B,Gleizes A,Razafinimanana M.Thermodynamic properties and transport coefficients in SF6-Cu mixtures at temperatures of 300-30000K and pressures of 0.1-1MPa[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1994,27(6):1193-1206.
[9]肖登明,焦俊涛,Yan J.环保型绝缘气体的灭弧能力分析[J].高电压技术,2016,42(6):1681-1687.Xiao Dengming,Jiao Juntao,Yan J.Arc quenching characteristics analysis of environmental-friendly insulation gases[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(6):1681-1687.
[10]林莘,王飞鸣,刘卫东,等.高压SF6断路器冷态介质恢复特性试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3973-3980.Lin Xin,Wang Feiming,Liu Weidong,et al.Research on experiment of cold dielectric recovery characteristic in high voltage SF6 circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of CSEE,2016,36(14):3973-3980.
[11]Lin Xin,Wang Feiming,Xu Jianyuan,et al.Study on the mathematical model of dielectric recovery characteristics in high voltage SF6 circuit breaker[J].Plasma Science and Technology,2016,18(3):223-229.
[12]王伟宗,荣命哲,吴翊,等.平衡态与非平衡态等离子体物性参数计算模型研究[J].高压电器,2010,46(7):41-45.Wang Weizong,Rong Mingzhe,Wu Yi,et al.Studies on properties calculation models of equilibrium and non-equilibrium plasma[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2010,46(7):41-45.
[13]林莘,李鑫涛,王飞鸣,等.触头烧损对SF6断路器介质恢复特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3125-3134.Lin Xin,Li Xintao,Wang Feiming,et al.Dielectric recovery characteristics of SF6 circuit breaker considering contact burning loss[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3125-3134.
[14]王飞鸣,林莘,徐建源,等.高压SF6断路器非平衡态等离子体电弧的熄弧特性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3073-3084.Wang Feiming,Lin Xin,Xu Jianyuan,et al.Extinction characteristics of non-equilibrium plasma arc in highvoltage SF6 circuit breaker[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3073-3084.
[15]荣命哲,仲林林,王小华,等.平衡态与非平衡态电弧等离子体微观特性计算研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(19):54-65.Rong Mingzhe,Zhong Linlin,Wang Xiaohua,et al.Review of microscopic property calculation of equilibrium and non-equilibrium arc plasma[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(19):54-65.
[16]荣命哲,吴翊,杨飞,等.开关电弧电流零区非平衡态等离子体仿真研究现状[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(2):1-12,23.Rong Mingzhe,Wu Yi,Yang Fei,et al.Review of the simulation method of non-equilibrium arc plasma during current zero period in the circuit breaker[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(2):1-12,23.
[17]宫本健朗.热核聚变等离子体物理学[M].金尚宪,译.北京:科学出版社,1981.
[18]马腾才,胡希伟,陈银华.等离子体物理原理[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2012.
[19]胡希伟.等离子体理论基础[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2006.
[20]郑春开.等离子体物理[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2012.
[21]项江.非平衡等离子体碰撞项和输运系数的理论研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2005.
[22]Leslie S F,Richard W L.Composition and transport properties of SF6 and their use in a simplified enthalpy flow arc model[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1971,59(4):474-485.
[23]Gleizes A,Chervy B,Gonzales J J.Calculation of a two-temperature plasma composition:bases and application to SF6[J].Journal of Physics D Applied Physics,1999,32(16):2060-2067.
[24]郭晓雪,赵虎,李兴文.热态CO2及其与O2混合气体热动属性及电击穿特性的计算分析[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3085-3090.Guo Xiaoxue,Zhao Hu,Li Xingwen.Calculation and characteristic analysis of thermodynamic properties and dielectric breakdown properties of CO2 and its mixture with O2[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3085-3090.
[25]李志兵,李晓昂,陈维江,等.SF6短间隙中高频电弧的阻抗特性[J].高电压技术,2013,39(6):1411-1418.Li Zhibing,Li Xiao’ang,Chen Weijiang,et al.Impedance characteristics of high-frequency arc in short SF6 gap[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(6):1411-1418.
[26]韩彬,林集明,陈维江,等.隔离开关操作速度对特快速瞬态过电压的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(31):12-17.Han Bin,Lin Jiming,Chen Weijiang,et al.Analysis on the influence of the switching speed of disconnector on very fast transient overvoltage[J].Proceedings of CSEE,2011,31(31):12-17.
[27]林莘,王飞鸣,刘卫东,等.高压SF6断路器关合预击穿特性计算与试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(5):1445-1452.Lin Xin,Wang Feiming,Liu weidong,et al.Research on calculation and experiment of closing pre-strike characteristic in high voltage SF6 circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of CSEE,2016,36(5):1445-1452.
[28]林莘,夏亚龙,刘卫东,等.电容器组投切用SF6断路器介质恢复特性数值计算与试验研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(17):161-171.Lin Xin,Xia Yalong,Liu Weidong,et al.The numerical computation and experiment research on dielectric recovery characteristics of SF6 circuit breaker for switching capacitor bank[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(17):161-171.