蝗虫微孢子与昆虫生长调节剂协同控制草原蝗虫作用机制
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摘要
蝗虫微孢子(Paranosema locustae,PL)是重要的防蝗生物制剂,其与昆虫生长调节剂(insect growth regulator,IGR)协同使用有利于蝗虫可持续治理。本文通过田间超低喷雾和扫网调查等方法在青海蝗区开展协调应用PL和IGR防治草原蝗虫的作用及其机理研究。首先明确青海蝗区的主要蝗虫种类为宽须蚁蝗Myrmeleotettix palpalis、小翅雏蝗Chorthippus fallax、狭翅雏蝗Chorthippus dubius、毛足棒角蝗Dasyhippus harbipes、鼓翅皱膝蝗Angaracris barabensis等;结果证明PL与IGR协调应用,可有效抑制草原蝗虫种群增长,且可保持存活蝗虫感病率在较高水平,对优势种宽须蚁蝗和小翅雏蝗等的持续控制作用明显。结果明确了微生物制剂和IGR协同防治蝗虫的短期与长期、速效与长效的协同作用,为防治高密度蝗虫提供新的绿色防控策略。
Grasshopper is an main insect of destroying rangelands.Paranosema locustae(PL)is a biological agent controlling grasshoppers.The studies on grasshopper control by combined application of PL and an insect growth regulator(IGR)in rangelands are helpful for sustainable control of grasshoppers.The experiments of grasshopper control by combined with IGR)and PL were performed in Qinghai lake rangeland of Qinghai.The investigation found that main species in Qinghai lake rangeland included Myrmeleotettix palpalis,Chorthippus fallax,Chorthippus dubius,Dasyhippus harbipes,and Angaracris barabensis.The results in the experimental field showed that the coordinating application PL with IGR Cascade insecticide had significant effect on controlling grasshoppers,and survival grasshoppers showed higher infection,which kept sustainable effects on main grasshoppers,such as M.palpalis and C.fallax.The results demonstrated the mechanisms of combined application of bio-agents and IGR for controlling grasshoppers,and provided a new scientific way for controlling high density of grasshoppers.
Grasshopper is an main insect of destroying rangelands.Paranosema locustae(PL)is a biological agent controlling grasshoppers.The studies on grasshopper control by combined application of PL and an insect growth regulator(IGR)in rangelands are helpful for sustainable control of grasshoppers.The experiments of grasshopper control by combined with IGR)and PL were performed in Qinghai lake rangeland of Qinghai.The investigation found that main species in Qinghai lake rangeland included Myrmeleotettix palpalis,Chorthippus fallax,Chorthippus dubius,Dasyhippus harbipes,and Angaracris barabensis.The results in the experimental field showed that the coordinating application PL with IGR Cascade insecticide had significant effect on controlling grasshoppers,and survival grasshoppers showed higher infection,which kept sustainable effects on main grasshoppers,such as M.palpalis and C.fallax.The results demonstrated the mechanisms of combined application of bio-agents and IGR for controlling grasshoppers,and provided a new scientific way for controlling high density of grasshoppers.
引文
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[11]Zhang K,Xing X,Hou X.Population dynamics and infection prevalence of grasshopper(Orthoptera:Acrididae)after application of Paranosema Locustae(Microsporidia)[J].Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control,2015,25(1):33-38
[12]Stentiford G D,Becnel J J,Weiss L M.Microsporidia-emergent pathogens in the global food chain[J].Trends in Parasitology,2016,32(4):336-348
[13]Lockwood J A,Bomar C R,Ewen A B.The history of biological control with Nosema locustae:lessons for locust management[J].Insect Science and Application,1999,19:333-350
[14]Henry J E.Epizootiology of infection by Nosema locustae canning(Microsporida:Nosematidae)in grasshoppers[J].Acrida,1972,1:111-120
[15]王丽英.蝗虫微孢子虫对东亚飞蝗及蒙新草原蝗虫的感染试验[J].北京农业大学学报,1987,13(4):459-462
[16]贺达汉,郑哲民.环境因子对蝗虫群落生态效应的数值分析[J].草地学报,1996(3):31-39
[17]Shi W P,Guo Y,Xu C,et al.Unveiling the mechanism by which microsporidian parasites prevent locust's swarm behavior[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2014,111(4):1343-1348
[18]Shi W P,Yan Y H,Zhu E L.Sustainable management of locust(Locusta migratoria manilensis)using Nosema locustae in Hainan Province[J].Journal of Plant Protection,2001,28:207-212
[19]Lange C E,Wysiecki M L.Epizootias de Nosema locustae(Microsporidia)in Melanoplinos(Melanoplinae)de Buenos Airesy La Pampa[J].Review Society of Entomoglogy Argentina,1999,58:76-78
[20]Guo Y,An Z,Shi W.Control of grasshoppers by combined application of Paranosema locustae and an insect growth regulator(Cascade?)in rangelands in China[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2012,105(6):1915-20
[21]Cheng R,Xiang J,Shi W P.Effect of Nosema locustaefor controlling grasshopper on natural enemy in the Qinghai grassland[J].Heilongjiang Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2004,4:11-13
[22]Christian B,Yanina M,Santogo P.Status of the alien pathogen Paranosema locustae(Microsporidia)in grasshoppers(Orthoptera:Acridoidea)of the argentine pampas[J].Biocontrol Science&Technology,2012,22(5):497-512
[23]Plischuk S,Bardi C J,Lange C E.Spore loads of Paranosema locustae,(Microsporidia)in heavily infected grasshoppers(Orthoptera:Acridoidea)of the argentine pampas and patagonia[J].Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,2013,114(1):89-91
[24]Sergey A T,Igor V S,Alexander A T,et al.Heterologous expression of Paranosema(Antonospora)locustae hexokinase in lepidopteran,Sf9,cells is followed by accumulation of the microsporidian protein in insect cell nuclei[J].Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,2017,143:104-107
[2]洪军,杜桂林,王广君.我国草原蝗虫发生与防治现状分析[J].草地学报,2014,22(5):929-935
[3]全国畜牧兽医总站.中国草原蝗虫生物防治实践与应用[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2014:66-108
[4]Lange C E.Long-term patterns of occurrence of Nosema locustae Canning and Perezia dichroplusae Lange(Microsporidia)in grasshoppers(Orthoptera:Acrididae)of the Pampas Argentina[J].Acta Protozoology,2003,42:309-315
[5]Lange C E.The host and geographical range of the grasshopper pathogen Paranosema(Nosema)locustae revisited[J].Journal of Orthoptera Research,2005,14:137-141
[6]Solter L F,Maddox J V,Vossbrink C R.Physiological host specificity:a model using the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis(Hubner)(Lepdioptera:Crambidae)and microsporidia of row crop and other stalk-boring hosts[J].Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,2005,90:127-130
[7]Shi W P,Wang Y Y,Lv F,et al.Persistence of Paranosema(Nosema)locustae(Microsporidia:Nosematidae)among grasshopper(Orthoptera:Acrididae)populations in the Inner Mongolia Rangeland,China[J].Biocontrol,2009,54:77-84
[8]Miao J,Guo Y,Shi W P.The Persistence of Paranosema locustae after application in Qinghai plateau,China[J].Biocontrol Science&Technology,2012,22:733-735
[9]Street D A.Future prospects for microbial control of grasshoppers[M].In:Capinera,J.L.,ed.Integrated pest management on rangeland:a shortgrass prairie perspective.Boulder,CO:Westview Press,1987:205-218
[10]Henry J E.Experimental application of Nosema Locustae for control of grasshoppers[J].Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,1971,18(3):389-394
[11]Zhang K,Xing X,Hou X.Population dynamics and infection prevalence of grasshopper(Orthoptera:Acrididae)after application of Paranosema Locustae(Microsporidia)[J].Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control,2015,25(1):33-38
[12]Stentiford G D,Becnel J J,Weiss L M.Microsporidia-emergent pathogens in the global food chain[J].Trends in Parasitology,2016,32(4):336-348
[13]Lockwood J A,Bomar C R,Ewen A B.The history of biological control with Nosema locustae:lessons for locust management[J].Insect Science and Application,1999,19:333-350
[14]Henry J E.Epizootiology of infection by Nosema locustae canning(Microsporida:Nosematidae)in grasshoppers[J].Acrida,1972,1:111-120
[15]王丽英.蝗虫微孢子虫对东亚飞蝗及蒙新草原蝗虫的感染试验[J].北京农业大学学报,1987,13(4):459-462
[16]贺达汉,郑哲民.环境因子对蝗虫群落生态效应的数值分析[J].草地学报,1996(3):31-39
[17]Shi W P,Guo Y,Xu C,et al.Unveiling the mechanism by which microsporidian parasites prevent locust's swarm behavior[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2014,111(4):1343-1348
[18]Shi W P,Yan Y H,Zhu E L.Sustainable management of locust(Locusta migratoria manilensis)using Nosema locustae in Hainan Province[J].Journal of Plant Protection,2001,28:207-212
[19]Lange C E,Wysiecki M L.Epizootias de Nosema locustae(Microsporidia)in Melanoplinos(Melanoplinae)de Buenos Airesy La Pampa[J].Review Society of Entomoglogy Argentina,1999,58:76-78
[20]Guo Y,An Z,Shi W.Control of grasshoppers by combined application of Paranosema locustae and an insect growth regulator(Cascade?)in rangelands in China[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2012,105(6):1915-20
[21]Cheng R,Xiang J,Shi W P.Effect of Nosema locustaefor controlling grasshopper on natural enemy in the Qinghai grassland[J].Heilongjiang Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2004,4:11-13
[22]Christian B,Yanina M,Santogo P.Status of the alien pathogen Paranosema locustae(Microsporidia)in grasshoppers(Orthoptera:Acridoidea)of the argentine pampas[J].Biocontrol Science&Technology,2012,22(5):497-512
[23]Plischuk S,Bardi C J,Lange C E.Spore loads of Paranosema locustae,(Microsporidia)in heavily infected grasshoppers(Orthoptera:Acridoidea)of the argentine pampas and patagonia[J].Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,2013,114(1):89-91
[24]Sergey A T,Igor V S,Alexander A T,et al.Heterologous expression of Paranosema(Antonospora)locustae hexokinase in lepidopteran,Sf9,cells is followed by accumulation of the microsporidian protein in insect cell nuclei[J].Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,2017,143:104-107